• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

Hyperlipemia is the most leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is the main cause of death in Korea. However, there is a tendency to neglect the prevention and treatment since it has no specific symptoms. It has been reported that the level of serum-lipid can be lowered by the improvement of eating habits. Therefore, it is highly likely that the development of programs on the improvement of eating habits through behavioral theory is required to the community nursing practice. The theory of planned behavior, which assumes that human behaviors are determined by one's intention to carry out the behavior, can be characterized by the point that behaviors are not only individual factors but also social behaviors relating to subjective norms. It is widely recognized that this theory has a high predictability on health behavior due to it's simplicity clearness, and measurability as well as high quality of being general. Thus, the theory of planned behavior could be useful in developing a model of a health promotion program to the change of behaviors of the risk group of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this study is to develop an intention promotion program of the diet, and then to testify the effects. The sample of this study consisted of 26 industrial workers who had proved hyperlipemia from a medical examination in 1996 (experimental group 13, control group 13). The intention promotion program, which includes education, monitoring, pressure, counselling on the level of individuals, families and organizations, was conducted for 10 weeks The purpose of this program was to promoting intention of the diet through changes of the prerequisite factors of intention such as behavioral belief, outcome evaluation, normative belief and control belief. When it came to data analysis, the ${\chi}^2$-test and Fisher's Exact test were used to compare the general characteristics between the experimental and the control group, an independent t-test for the other variables. ANOVA was used to the test hypothesis, and the Pearson correlation test for variable's correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1) There was a significant increase in the intention(F=18.51, p=.00) of diet in the experimental group. 2) Diets(F=32.51, p=.001) in the experimental group were better carried out than in the control group. 5) There was a moderate correlation between the intention of diet and performance (r=.587. p=.003). From the results, it can be concluded that the intention promotion program is very effective, leading to the change of health promotion behavior. Above all, it is really valuable that the intention promotion program in this study regards health promotion behavior as a social behavior and that intervention was done on the level of family and organization. Consequently, when performing a health promotion program, social approach elevating the intention should go hand in hand in order to make the program effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.169-194
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of Korean public libraries based on the national representative sample using Vakkari and Serola's (2012) public library outcome scale. Conducting a web-based survey to 1,000 Korean adults nationwide, the responses of 629 respondents who had visited the public library in the past year were analyzed. Results showed that, among the 19 benefit areas, "reading fiction and non-fiction" was the most perceived benefit area followed by "acquiring educational opportunities", and "self-development during leisure time". The benefits were considerably lowly perceived in the rest 16 areas. Different from the original four-factor structure, "reading/self development" were emerged as a new factor in this Korean sample. The benefits were perceived differently by citizens with different socio-demographic backgrounds. Results informed the current status of the public library performance and values perceived by the general Korean adults population across the nation.

• Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.189-196
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• 2018

Purpose: Floppy infants or congenital hypotonia indicates decreased muscle tone in infants secondary to abnormalities of the central or the peripheral nervous system, or both. Previous literature classified its causes as those attributable to a central vs. peripheral origin; however, recent studies have introduced a newer classification describing a combined origin. We invenstigated floppy infants by applying the new etiological classification and reviewed the most common etiologies based on the age of presentation. We additionally reviewed the clinical characteristics, diagnoses, and the developmental outcomes in these infants. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical charts and recruited 116 infants diagnosed with floppy infant syndrome between January 2005 and December 2016 at Severance Children's Hospital. Among these infants, 66 with a confirmed diagnosis were reviewed for the etiological classification. Information regarding developmental outcomes was obtained via phone interviews with the infants' families. Results: Based on the new etiological classification, among 69 infants with a confirmed diagnosis, in 40 (34.5%) this syndrome was of central origin, in 19 (16.4%) of peripheral origin, and in 10 (8.6%) of combined origin. Prader-Willi syndrome, myotonic dystrophy, and spinal muscular atrophy were the most common disorders observed and combined hypotonia showed the poorest developmental outcome. Conclusion: The study states the importance of proper evaluation of etiological diagnosis and optimal intervention for developmental prognosis. The introduction of a new etiological group of combined hypotonia especially emphasizes regular monitoring and timely rehabilitative intervention in patients for the better quality of life in them as well as their caregivers.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2022

Achievement at university is recognized in a comprehensive sense as the level of qualitative change and development that students have embodied as a result of their experience in university education. Therefore, the academic achievement of university students will be given meaning in cooperation with the historical and social demands for diverse human resources such as creativity, leadership, and global ability, but it is practically an indicator of the outcome of university education. Measurement of academic achievement by such credits involves many problems, but in particular, standardization of academic achievement by credits based on evaluation methods, contents, and university rankings is a very difficult problem. In this study, we present a model that uses machine learning techniques to predict whether or not academic achievement is excellent for D-University graduates. The variables used were analyzed using up to 96 personal information and bachelor's information such as graduation year, department number, department name, etc., but when establishing a future education course, only the data after enrollment works effectively. Therefore, the items to be analyzed are limited to the recommended ability to improve the academic achievement of the department/student. In this research, we implemented an academic achievement prediction model through analysis of core abilities that reflect the philosophy, goals, human resources image, and utilized machine learning to affect the impact of the introduction of the prediction model on academic achievement. We plan to apply the results of future research to the establishment of curriculum and student guidance conducted in the department to establish a basis for improving academic achievement.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 2003

Purpose: In this report we are going to discuss about the functional evaluation and the outcome of treatment of metastatic tumor in the lower extremities treated with tumor prosthetic arthroplasty. Materials and Methods: This report is based on nine patients diagnosed as a metastatic tumor and treated by tumor prosthetic arthroplasty, from June 1998 to December 2001. Age of the patients ranged from 49 to 63 with the average of 56.3. The average follow up period was 23.4 months. Two patients had lung cancer, three had breast cancer, two had renal cancer, one colon cancer, and one had multiple myeloma. All these were primary cancers. The site of metastasis were six in proximal femur, two in distal femur, and one in proximal tibia. Tumor excision was performed after biopsy in following the principle of primary tumor management. Excision with wide surgical margin was tried as possible could. Six cases were treated with tumor prosthesis, and the other three cases were reconstructed with bone cement and arthroplasty. Results: The functional evaluation in the extremities at the last follow up was performed on Enneking evaluation score with 6 categories. The highest scored 26, and the lowest scored 10, with an average of 19.5. A case in which the patient died 15 days after the operation was excluded from the evaluation. Among the categories, emotional acceptance to postoperative function and pain relief were highly scored. At the final follow up, seven patients survived, and one colon cancer patient died 68 days after operation. Conclusion: Metastatic tumor occurring in joints of lower extremities could be treated in accordance to the treatment principle of primary tumor. By insertion of tumor prosthesis, we can get satisfactory results of function in the lower extremity and pain relief especially. So, this aspect of medical favor must be considered in treating patients.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.87-97
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• 2015

There's a trend towards vitalization of nightscape planning businesses nationally and locally as well for city image making and activation of regional economy, but there is still no systematic nightscape planning going on for lack of relevant researches and objective evaluations. This study aims to suggest the guideline for nightscape planning by conducting an eye tracking experiment and survey for recognizing the characteristics of a nightscape. Furthermore, the authors intended to verify the eye-tracking method as a tool for landscape evaluation. The research site was restricted in the campus of Virginia Tech, VA, and those were selected by experts' survey among various types of nightscape images. The variables for analyzing the characteristics of nightscape images selected were 'preference', 'safety(fear)' and 'clearness'. 'Fixation duration', 'saccade duration', 'scan path length', and 'pupil size' were selected as the eye movement measurements. The results of this study are as follows: The first outcome found was that there were significant differences among the characteristics(preference, safety and clearness) of a nightscape by MANOVA, and these variables were correlated positively by Pearson's correlation. Secondly, there were differences on fixation duration, saccade duration and scan path depending on the nightscape setting statistically. Also, the eye tracking measurement in an open setting was recorded lower than enclosed settings. In the result of a heat map, we found the meaning of the fixated areas on both viewing without intention and viewing intentionally. It turned out that the fixated areas were consistent with the areas the subjects felt preferred and clarity in all of the nightscape images, which means people usually focus on what they prefer and see clearly in a certain nightscape. Based on this result and previous studies, the authors could make a conclusion that eye tracking method can apply to evaluate nightscape settings in terms of analyzing the whole characteristics and finding specific points for the detailed analysis as well. Therefore, these results can contribute by suggesting nightscape planning, implication of the landscape evaluation, and implication of the eye tracking study.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-62
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• 2001

This study examined the qualities of an effective teacher needed to accomplish educational reform successfully and prepare for a rapidly changing knowledge-based society. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following specific questions were looked into; (1) knowledge, skills, attitude of an effective teacher. (2) a proposal for staff development programs to improve the effectiveness of teachers. (3) a proposal to support teachers' efforts to improve their effectiveness. (4) the factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers' effectiveness. In this study, 'in-depth interview' was used for data collection because the study deals with the "subjective consciousness" of teachers, and qualitative research methods are useful to such a case. The research was done on teachers from secondary schools in Pusan City. According to the teachers interviewed, an effective teacher needed in the new age has such knowledge, skills, and attitude as; (1) knowledge in their major, general culture and common sense, psychology of educational counselling, social science, and knowledge and information related to curriculum. (2) effective instruction skills, skills to guide student behavior, skills related to administrative clerical work, using the computers, extra curriculum activities, educational evaluation, using teaching materials, developing educational programs, and good communication skills. (3) attitude relevant to willingness to understand and converse with students at their cognitive level, positive expectations and concern toward students, democratic problem solving, continuous self-study and development, thoroughgoing mission and professionalism, will for educational reform and innovation, neat appearance and refined language, and successful interpersonal relationships. The teachers also said that the current staff development system, as a program to provide necessary qualities for teachers, has improved in the last 3 years through diverse curriculum and systematic programs. However, due to the problematic promotion system, the staff development program has turned into just a 'point collecting' game from the role of in-service training program; teachers take training courses as the means just collecting points for promotion purpose. Factors inhibiting the improvement of teachers are (1) overload of formal paperwork over emphasizing outcome, (2) mannerism of teachers not perceiving their lack of professionalism, (3) the general attitude in the teaching profession resisting change and reform, (4) supervisory activities lacking rigid regulation, (5) research just as the means of point-collection only for promotion, and (6) staff development programs lacking efficiency. These factors, interacting each other, inhibited the improvement of teachers.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Purpose: The major pelvic trauma results in high mortality with associated fatal other injuries. During early stage of resuscitation, multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the survival and outcomes. This study aims to report the effect and positive outcome of the trauma team approach on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture. Methods: This retrospective review included all patients with hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture admitted between March 2007 and December 2015. Patients were divided into group A, which comprised those admitted before the trauma team approach was started, and group B, which comprised those admitted after the approach was started. The advanced trauma life support protocol was followed for all patient. The comparisons between the two groups were based on medical records. Study variables included demographics, initial vital sign, injury severity score, fracture type, and injury mechanism. We analyzed the outcomes in each group with respect to the time interval for doctors' arrival, total length of stay in the emergency department (ED), time interval for computed tomography evaluation, 24-hour mortality, time interval for definitive fixation, and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity. Results: Fifty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. No statistically significant differences in demographic data existed between the two groups. The time interval for doctors' arrival (min, $63.09{\pm}50.48$ vs $21.48{\pm}17.75$; p=0.038) and total length of stay in the ED (min, $269.33{\pm}105.96$ vs $115.49{\pm}56.24$; p=0.023) were significantly improved. The 24-hour mortality was not significantly different between the two groups.(%, 14.3 vs 12.0; p=1.000) However, the time interval for definitive fixation and definitive fixation in the time-window of opportunity showed better results. Conclusion: The trauma team approach has positive effects, which include initial resuscitation through multidisciplinary approach and shortening the time interval to definitive fixation, on the management of hemodynamically unstable pelvic bone fracture.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.179-187
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictable value of pretreatment $^{18}F$-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ($^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT) in radiotherapy (RT) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 36 stage I-IV HCC patients treated with RT. $^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT was performed before RT. Treatment target was determined HCC or PVTT lesions by treatment aim. They were irradiated at a median prescription dose of 50 Gy. The response was evaluated within 3 months after completion of RT using the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Response rate, overall survival (OS), and the pattern of failure (POF) were analyzed. Results: The response rate was 61.1%. The statistically significant prognostic factor affecting response in RT field was maximal standardized uptake value (maxSUV) only. The high SUV group (maxSUV ${\geq}5.1$) showed the better radiologic response than the low SUV group (maxSUV < 5.1). The median OS were 996.0 days in definitive group and 144.0 days in palliative group. Factors affecting OS were the %reduction of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level in the definitive group and Child-Pugh class in the palliative group. To predict the POF, maxSUV based on the cutoff value of 5.1 was the only significant factor in distant metastasis group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the maxSUV of $^{18}F$-FDG PET-CT may be a prognostic factor for treatment outcome and the POF after RT. A %reduction of AFP level and Child-Pugh class could be used to predict OS in HCC.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.276-283
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• 2015

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of repeated high dose 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between 1998 and 2011, 45 patients received hepatic re-irradiation with high dose 3D-CRT in Samsung Medical Center. After excluding two ineligible patients, 43 patients were retrospectively reviewed. RT was delivered with palliative or salvage intent, and equivalent dose of 2 Gy fractions for ${\alpha}/{\beta}=10Gy$ ranged from $31.25Gy_{10}$ to $93.75Gy_{10}$ (median, $44Gy_{10}$). Tumor response and toxicity were evaluated based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) ver. 4.0. Results: The median follow-up duration was 11.2 months (range, 4.1 to 58.3 months). An objective tumor response rate was 62.8%. The tumor response rates were 81.0% and 45.5% in patients receiving ${\geq}45Gy_{10}$ and $<45Gy_{10}$, respectively (p = 0.016). The median overall survival (OS) of all patients was 11.2 months. The OS was significantly affected by the Child-Pugh class as 14.2 months vs. 6.1 months (Child-Pugh A vs. B, p < 0.001), and modified Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) T stage as 15.6 months vs. 8.3 months (T1-3 vs. T4, p = 0.004), respectively. Grade III toxicities were developed in two patients, both of whom received ${\geq}50Gy_{10}$. Conclusion: Hepatic re-irradiation may be an effective and tolerable treatment for patients who are not eligible for further local treatment modalities, especially in patients with Child-Pugh A and T1-3.