• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 1991

Serum concentration of selenium were measured ; Studying 36 patients with Hepatoma. 19 with Hepatitis 15 with Liver cirrhosis and 67 Normal control to discover the correlation between serum selenum and cancer. And it have tested also the serum protein and albumin to compare the nutrition status by researching the same persons above The results of those two experiments are as follow : 1) The mean of each group of patients resulting from mearsuing the serum protein content showing 6.91$\pm$0.10g/dl in the patients with hepatoma 7.05$\pm$0.17g/dl in the ones with hepatitis 6.42$\pm$0.13g/dl in the ones with liver cirrhosis and 7.46$\pm$0.06g/dl in the normal control is all being within the normal range such as 6.0-0.8(g/dl) while the distribution is revealin 10.5%, 13.3% in the patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis which are below the normal range and 47.2%, 96.9%, 80.0% in the low range of normal one ; therefore in could see that patientsw compared with normal control are in low level in the serum protein content 2) The mean based on the consquence of serum albumin measurement is 3.74$\pm$0.11g/dl. 4.26$\pm$0.13g/dl 4.73$\pm$0.06g/dl in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and normal control which are in between the normal range such as 3.5-5.5(g/dl) except the patients with liver cirrhosis(3/05$\pm$0.12g/dl) while the distribution of the patients with hepatoma an liver cirrhosis is showing 27.8% 73.3% which are below the normal one and 55.5%, 52.6% and 26.7% in the patients with hepatoma hepatits and liver cirrhosis which are in the low area of normal range ; as a result It could find that patients. compared with the normal control are in low level in serum albumin measurement. 3) The mean consulting the serum concentration is 430.86$\pm$26.06$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 192.37$\pm$18.15$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 186.73$\pm$23.99$\mu\textrm{g}$/1, 196.94$\pm$8.94$\mu\textrm{g}$/1 in the patients with hepatoma hepatitis liver cirrhosis and noramal control ; it shows 2.19 times increasing of serum selenium concentra-tion in the patients with hepatoma 'compared with the normal control and patients with hepatoma spread out at a still higher range in serum selenium concentration test. 4) The serum selenium concentration is not quite dependent on sexes and doesn't show any correlation with age, serum protein, serum albumin. The nutrition status of patients, rested on the results of those experiments, stays in low level, which is caused by that they are in low stage of serum protein and serum albu¬min. In serum selenium concentration, patients with hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, specially, show the condition as good as normal control's; while patients with hepatoma are indicating a significant increasing compared with the three groups, which can be reasoned into that there is a possibility for the patients to take selenium and chemotherapy or radiation treatment, and have high serum selenium concentration by poor excreting of seleno methionine, which is caused by low serum protein content And another thing can be reasoned is that the difference in origination mechanism hetween korean and western people. As a result, It showed that the correlation between serum selenium and seses, age, serum protein, and serum albumin neither exists nor affects on each other.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.1-30
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• 2001

To prevent the VAT evasion and to form a sound VAT paying culture, we can draw the policy directions for government as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the tax supervision of small business and the administration of tax sources of cash-income industry. Second, the tax-deductible rate of the received tax invoices should be increased in a short-term base, and a simplified taxation system should be abolished in a long-term base. Third, in cases a trader has not received a tax invoice, an additional tax should be applied. Forth, to issue the tax invoice faster and conveniently, it is requested to introduce a new system which issues electronic card of registration when a businessman applies for his/her business registration. Fifth, to make tax standard transparent, it is desirable to punish the violator, relating to credit card regulations, stricter than present and to enforce the electronic bookkeeping. Sixth, for the reduction of noncompliance rate and creating a climate for autonomous, faithful tax return, it is necessary to expand and intensify tax investigation. And also it is necessary to make the level of penalty tax higher up and the level of criminal punishment less down, to keep up tax audit coverage. Seventh, a trader who is eligible for simplified taxation, whose tax base is under 12,000 thousand won, should not be required to pay the value added tax. But it is desirable to cut down them for the fairness of tax burden. Eighth, the effective date of the revised tax law should be fixed. Ninth, it is necessary to reinforce publicity and to educate on tax system and administration, for reducing tax evasion or tax avoidance and encouraging faithful tax return. Tenth, as the tendency of VAT evasion of distribution industry turns out to be the highest, it is requested not only to intensify tax administration on them but also to establish system and incentives, for introducing information system in distribution industry(introducing POS system, computerization of transaction record, establishing EDI between traders).

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.339-354
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide valuable information and data by analyzing the environmental status and potential forrenewable energy projects (or plans) based on environmental assessment (EA) data, so that more objective and scientific environmental assessments can be conducted. The study also suggests regional directions that could satisfy the goals of nature conservation and renewable energy. Based on the analysis of EA data that was conducted up until June 2019, the study analyzed the size, location and characteristics of both onshore wind power and onshore photovoltaic. The environmentally available potential by region was also derived by considering the main constraints and requirements related to the potential siting ofrenewable energy projects at the EA. Based on EA data, 63 out of 80 (79%) onshore wind power projects are shown to be located in mountainous areas. For onshore photovoltaic projects, a total of 7,363 projects were subjected to environmental assessment over the country. The environmentally potential area for onshore wind power, considering all the environmental regulatory factors, is 2,440 km². For onshore photovoltaic, the environmentally available area estimated as idle farmland is 2,877 km². The distribution and characteristics of the environmentally available potential of the region may be the most important factor that local governments should bear in mind in terms of promoting renewable energy development projects in the region. Based on the results of this study, even if we consider the national energy plan including the expected future increase, as well as environmental goals and socio-economic acceptance through an environmental assessment, the available resources forrenewable energy projects are not insufficient. It is possible to examine the adequacy of the target distribution rate of renewable energy sources by region taking into consideration the quantitative and scientific results such as the environmentally available potential data derived from this study.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2016

We studied the heavy minerals in 46 surface sediments collected from the Central Yellow Sea Mud (CYSM) to characterize the type, abundance, mineralogical properties and distribution pattern using the stereo-microscopy, field-Emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM) and chemical analysis through the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Heavy mineral assemblages are primarily composed of epidote group, amphibole group, garnet group, zircon, rutile and sphene in descending order. Epidote group and amphibole group minerals account for more than 50% of total heavy minerals. The minerals in epidote group, amphibole group and garnet group in studied area are epidote, edenite and almandine, respectively. When we divided the CYSM into two regions by $124^{\circ}E$, the eastern region contain higher contents of epidote and (zircon + rutile), which are more resistant to weathering but lower of amphibole, which is less resistant to weathering than the western region. Based on this results, it is possible to estimate that the eastern region sediments are transported for a long distance while western region sediments are transported for a short distance from the source area. In the future, the additional study on the heavy minerals in river sediments flowing into the Yellow Sea and much more samples for marine sediments must be carried out to interpret exactly the provenance and sedimentation process.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2015

Reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthened with FRP materials would cause the loss of the reinforcing effect and the sudden failure of the structure due to the debonding of FRP. The debonding fracture strength of the FRP-strengthened concrete structures has been evaluated using the same strength method as applied in RC structures based on the debonding strain of FRP. However, the values of the FRP debonding strain are different according to design guidelines. Thus, this study carried out an experimental study on RC beams reinforced with GFRP and evaluated the debonding fracture strength of the strengthened beams from each design guideline. Since the debonding failure occurs prior to reaching the ultimate value of concrete compressive strain, this study accounts for the nonlinear stress distribution of concrete. This study also proposed equations that can evaluate the debonding strength of GFRP-strengthened RC beams with similar safety to the ultimate flexural strength of non-strengthened RC beams.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2015

The object of this study is to prepare microcapsules containing a diisocyanate compound, apply them to self-healing protective coating, and evaluate the self-healing capability of the coating by atmospheric moisture. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) polymerized under humid atmosphere, indicating that IPDI can be used as a healing agent. Microencapsulations of IPDI were conducted via interfacial polymerization of a polyurethane prepolymer with diol compounds. The formation of microcapsules was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The mean diameter, size distribution, morphology and shell wall thickness of microcapsules were investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The properties of microcapsules were studied by varying agitation rates and diol structure. The self-healing coatings were prepared on test pieces of CRC board. When scratch was generated in the coatings, the core material flew out of the microcapsules and filled the scratch. The self-healing coatings were damaged and healed under atmosphere with 68~89% relative humidity for 48 h, and SEM and impermeability test for the specimens showed that the scratch could be healed by atmospheric moisture.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

This study carried out to investigate the removal capacity of heavy metals such as Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) dissolved in aqueous solution in the soils collected from Hyeon-Dong (HD), San-seong (SS), Keum-chon (KC) and Keum-Hac (KH) located in the upper Banbyun stream. The pH of all the soils was weak alkali such as 8.8 9.2. According to the analysis of chemical composition of the soils, the amount of $SiO_2$, $AlO_2$ and CaO were similar in all tested soils. However, the amount of $K_2O$, $FeO_3$ and MgO were different from each soil. The XRD measurement with these soils showed that quartz and feldspar were presented in all tested soils, and the distribution of kaoline, illite, montmorillonite, vermiculite and calcite were different from each soil. The results of the removal capacity of heavy metals indicated that all the soils had more than 98% of the removal efficiency of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II), and among the heavy metals, Cu (II) was removed the most effectively. These results suggested that the soils collected from the upper Banbyun stream have the high removal capacity of heavy metals, and these soils could be used for the banking a river around the abandoned mine area, containing the higher concentrations of heavy metals than the usual stream.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.413-421
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• 2017

Mammography, the basic test for finding and treating increased breast cancer, gives the anxiety of cancer and radiation exposure to most women. In addition, it gave very severe compression pain, so we studied the degree of pain and tried to reduce the pain. The purpose of this study is to compare and analyze the modified imaging technique and the basic imaging technique based on clinical experience, respectively. The subjects of this study were 160 women from 30 to 60 years old who visited to Seoul Boramae Hospital operated by Seoul National University Hospital from February to March 2017 for breast screening. Modified 80 persons and 80 persons were divided into two groups, and each group was asked to fill out questionnaires sequentially without knowing the subjects. The first method is a modified method in which an automatic pedal is divided into four or more presses, a manual pressure is used together, and an attitude is described in detail. Secondly, we used only the automatic pedal compression method and press it within 1-3 times. In the mean of the pain distribution, the experimental group (modified method) was 2.49 and the control group (basic method) had an average of 4.86, which showed 48.8% less pain. In this modified method, the pain scores of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group, and the degree of the pain was statistically significant.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.78-84
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• 1994

Yield response of tomato to nitrogen and potassium fertilizer and the balance of the two elements were determined in salt-accumulated greenhouse soil to improve the efficiency of fertilizer appiication. The response of tomato yield to nitrogen and potassium fertilizer application was not significant. The current parameters such as OM and $K/{\sqrt{Ca+Mg}}$ that were used to determine the level of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer in open field were not suitable in salt-accumulated greenhouse soil condition. The temporal and spatial distribution of $NO_3{^-}-N$showed the same pattern to those of $Cl^-$ ion that is non-reactive with soil, while the content of Ex. K was extraordinarily high in soil after harvesting of tomato, which had experienced relatively dry condition during harvesting time. The loss of $NO_3{^-}-N$ and Ex. K out of 28cm below the soil surface was 2~5 and 1.5~3.5 times greater than the amount of nitrogen and potassium uptake by the plant.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.16 no.1 s.47
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• pp.15-21
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• 2006

Sandy soils obtained from the field were examined by the way of particle analyses. The hydraulic conductivity values of the disturbed soil samples were measured by the falling head method. Then the correlations between the hydraulic conductivity and particle distribution were defined. The soil which was a product of the weathering of the granitic rocks belonged to sand and loamy sand area in a sand-silt-clay triangular diagram. The measurements of hydraulic conductivity were $1.15X10^{-5}\sim7.31X10^{-4}cm/sec$ which is the range of sand and silt. It was clearly observed that the hydraulic conductivity measurements of the sandy soils showed stronger correlations with the particle variances rather than the mean grain sizes. The larger the variances, the smaller the hydraulic conductivity measurements. The sandy soil which was a product of weathered granite and whose mean grain size was $0.38\sim1.97mm$ showed regression curves of $y=6.0E-5x^{-1.4}$ in a correlations between hydraulic conductivity and particle variances. Accordingly, it is clearly concluded that making estimates with-out any consideration about particle variances can produce serious errors.