• Title/Summary/Keyword: Out of distribution

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Types of Unfair Activity under Subcontracting and their Solutions: Qualitative Research Design

  • Ji-Heon HA;Tae-Hyung KIM
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.14 no.8
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2023
  • Using a procurement and construction stage emphasis on the capabilities of the Sub-Contractor (SC), the present research aims to discover the types of unfair activities between the Main Contractor (MC) and SC and their influence on project completion. This research also tries to figure out solutions which can reduce unfair activities between MC and SC. Research design, data and methodology: The qualitative textual analysis was selected for the current research and has been used by numerous previous researchers commonly to review relevant themes in the prior resources and suggested for researchers who conduct a reviewing procedure to analyze meta-analysis approach for figuring out better research findings from prior resources. Results: The result indicates the prevalence and consequences of bid shopping, emphasizing the need for transparency and fair bidding practices. Late payment issues were also found to be crucial for subcontractors' financial stability, urging the implementation of prompt payment legislation and agreements. Conclusions: In conclusion, the research revealed that subcontracting is common in construction projects, with general contractors relying on multiple subcontractors to carry out specific work items. The accomplishment of building projects hinges on the collaborative efforts between the main contractor (MC) and subcontractors (SCs), each focusing on different aspects of the project.

A Study on the Performance of Twin Hull Floating Breakwater (쌍동형 부유식 소파제의 소파성능에 관한 연구)

  • 박노식;엄병섭
    • Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.128-134
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    • 1998
  • This study is carried out the theoretical studies on wave transmission and motions in waves of twin hull type floating breakwaters with the vertical and horizontal plate. The method of calculation is based on the three dimensional singularity distribution method. The results show that wave transmission is affected by heave motion. Twin hull type is designed by the use of the theoretical method and good performance of the developed floating breakwater is confirmed for longer wave period.

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Statistical Analysis of Thermal Fatigue Life for Automobile bulb (자동차용 전구의 열피로수명의 확률론적 거동)

  • 박상필;오환섭;박종찬;박철희
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.160-165
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    • 2004
  • At this research, we examined probability of light bulb's life span value and prediction on purpose to inquire out the span of repeat velocity as fracture probability by executing the fatigue test, which is considered property of Tungsten filament's thermal fatigue used as an automobile bulb. As a result we can confirm what the most suitable solution is weibull distribution and log normal distribution. Tungsten filament's span gets longer as the fatigue repeat velocity gets shorter And, repeat span is about 15%~40% shorter than sequence life span.

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The Effects of Common Ground according to Fault Conditions in The Underground Transmission and Distribution System (고장조건에 따른 지중송배전계통에서 공통접지의 영향 분석)

  • Lim, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Jong-Beom
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2007.11b
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    • pp.285-287
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    • 2007
  • This paper describes that the effect on the other system is generated by the single line to ground fault of the underground transmission systems and distribution systems established the common ground in trefoil. Each system is modeled by EMTP/ATPDraw and the system carry out simulations according to the various values of common ground to analyse. In this study, the result of analysis based on simulation suggests protection method and ground system of each system.

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A Study on the Residual Stress Distribution of Pure Titanium Welding Material (순수티타늄 용접재의 잔류응력분포에 관한 연구)

  • 최병기;권택용
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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    • 2002.04a
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    • pp.70-75
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    • 2002
  • It is generally applied constraint welding condition to structure manufacture in the industry field. But it is thinkable that the residual stress of the construction and specimens for experiment is different because not constraint welding but non-constraint welding are applied for experiment. To apply the constraint welding condition as the industry field and compare and evaluate the welding residual stress distribution, the TlG welding of the pure titanium was carried out under constraint and non-constraint welding conditions

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A Study on Plan of Distribution System considering Customer Interruption Cost (공급지장비를 고려한 배전계통 계획수립)

  • Kim, Yong-Ha;Woo, Sung-Min;Park, Chang-Gyu;Park, Chang-Gyu;You, Jung-Huy
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2008.07a
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    • pp.159-160
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    • 2008
  • This paper analyzes customer interruption cost for out industrial customer through data survey. And CIC calculated SCDF using regression function. That is, it extract optimal SCDF from AHP. And then to calculate VBDRA applied This algorithm to the distribution system. We proved the adequacy and usefulness of the result.

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Finite Element Analysis of SMC Compression Molding Processes (SMC 압축성형 공정에 관한 유한요소해석)

  • Lee, Choong-Ho;Huh, Hoon
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.204-213
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    • 1995
  • A finite element program is developed to analyze the flow phenomena in SMC compression molding as a viscoplastic model. The calculation of temperature distribution is also carried out by uncoupling the thermal analysis from the flow analysis. SMC molding processes with a flat plate substructure and the one with a T-shaped rib are considered in numerical simulation. The numerical results provide deformed shapes, temperature distribution in a SMC charge, and the forming load. The simulation of compression molding of a flat plate with a T-shaped rib requires a remeshing technique for the whole process.

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A study for Generalized Binomial Distributions (일반화 이항분포에 관한 연구)

  • 이병수;김희철
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.21 no.46
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    • pp.127-136
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    • 1998
  • In many cases where the binomial distribution fails to apply to real world data it is because of more variability in the data than can be explained by that distribution. Several authers have proposed models that are useful in explaining extra-binomial variation. In this paper we point out a characterization of sequences of exchangeable Bernoulli variables which can be used to develop models which show more variability than the binomial. We give sufficient conditions which will yield such models and show how existing models can be continued to generate further models. A numerical example and simulation given.

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A Visioplasticity Analysis for Axisymmetric Extrusion through Square Dies Using Model Material (모델재를 이용한 축대칭 평금형 압출공정의 변형가시화 해석)

  • 한철호;엄태복
    • Transactions of Materials Processing
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.156-164
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    • 1996
  • To investigate the behavior of plastic deformation in axisymmetric extrusion through square dies, experimental works with the plasticine as a model material are carried out at the room temperature. Some mechanical properties of the model material are determined by compression and ring compression tests. Visioplasticity method using expermental grid distortion in extrusion is introduced to analyze the plastic flow strain rate and strain distribution. In spite of severe deformation during the extrusion through square die the visioplasticity method shows good results for the distribution of effective strain rate and effective strain.

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A study on the stress distribution and nugget formation in resistance welding process using computer simulation (컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 이용한 저항용접에 관한 연구)

  • 함원국
    • Journal of Welding and Joining
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.41-51
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    • 1991
  • The thermomechanical coupling phenomena in the resistance welding process is complicated due to interactions of mechanical, thermal and electrical factors. Although experimental investigations of resistance spot welding have been carried out, but there are a few by computer simulation. so the purpose of this research is to decrease the time and cost much required in experimental investigation by carrying out the analysis of the resistance spot welding process through computer simulation based on the finite element method. The tool used in the computer simulation is the commercial ANSYS program package. A two dimensional axisymetric model is used to simulate the resistance spot welding for two stainless steel sheets of equal thickness and parametric study is carried out for variable welding current, workpieces of unequal thickness and dissimilar materials. The results from the computer simulation are in good agreement with the experimental one. Through these results, such items as stress distribution, temperature profiles, thermal expansion and weld nugget formation are predicted. Reliability and applicability of finite element models have been demonstrated to simulate and to analyze the resistance spot welding process.

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