• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2023

Objectives : The objective of this study was to investigate the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Cirsium setidens. Methods : Domestic and international articles about Cirsium setidens were investigated. A review was perfoemed via DB searching engine such as Sci.Direct, Springer, DBpia, KISS, Google scholar, Kipris, and so on. Total 73 listed literature were classified by compound analysis and pharmacological efficacy. Results : C. setidens contains pectolinarin and its glycoside, pectolinarigenin as index compounds, and linarin, apigenin, diosmetin, scopoletin, acacetin, cirsimarin, cirsimaritin, setidenosides A and B, silymarin, hispidulin, 92 volatile compounds, and 15 fatty acids. The Pharmacological activities of C. setidens has been reported to inhibit of platelet aggregation and fat accumulation in the liver, inhibit to hepatitis, anti-cancer, antibacterial, skin improvement, hair growth, liver protection, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, sedative. Also, It has been reported the effect of cholesterol-lowering and anti-obesity, neuroprotective effects, increasing human stem cell viability, inhibiting osteoclast formation and osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion : This reviews showed that C. setidens which has been traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation and hypertension, has anticancer and river protective effect, as well as hair loss and diet. In order to maximize the efficacy of C. setidens, research has also begun on the effect of processing processes such as fermentation or fine powdering and combining natural plant resources.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1448-1454
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• 2018

최근 들어 곤충을 식품 및 바이오 소재로 이용한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그러나 곤충을 이용한 조골세포 활성 및 분화에 따른 골 형성 촉진 효과에 대한 연구는 아직 미흡한 실정이다. 뿐만 아니라 풀무치를 이용한 기능성 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 골 형성 촉진 효능을 가진 새로운 천연물 소재 개발을 위해 풀무치 추출물의 MG-63 조골세포의 분화 촉진 효과를 연구하였다. 조골세포에서 풀무치 추출물의 독성 및 증식 효과를 평가하기 위하여 MTS assay를 진행한 결과, $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도까지 세포 독성이 나타나지 않았으며, 48시간 배양했을 때 $500-1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 105%와 116%의 세포 증식 효능을 확인 하였다. 풀무치 추출물이 조골세포 분화에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여 3일 및 5일간 풀무치 추출물을 MG-63 조골세포에 처리한 후 ALP 활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과 $100{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서 positive control로 사용한 조골세포 분화배지(DM)군과 유사한 정도로 분화가 증가하였으며 500 및 $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ 농도에서는 2-3배까지 조골세포 분화가 촉진되었다. 이 결과는 ALP staining에서도 유사하게 나타났다. mRNA 발현량의 변화를 측정한 결과, Alpl과 Runx2 유전자 발현량이 증가하였고, 단백질 발현량을 측정했을 때에도 유사한 결과를 확인하였다. 이를 통해 ALP와 Runx2 유전자 및 단백질 발현에 의해서 ALP 활성이 증가하고 조골세포 분화가 촉진되었을 것으로 판단되며, 풀무치 추출물을 이용한 골 형성 촉진에 따른 골다공증 예방 및 치료 기능성 소재 개발에 대한 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.16-23
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• 2005

It is commonly acknowledged that bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) functions as a potential osteogenic inducer in bone formation. Recently, several papers reported that bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) from human is not responsive to BMP-2 in comparison to high capacity of BMP-2 in the osteoinduction of stromal cell derived from bone marrow of rodent animals such as rat or mouse. In this study, we characterized BMSC derived from 11 years old donor for the responsiveness to rhBMP-2, dexamethasone (Dex) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D), in order to analyze their function in the early osteogenesis. The effect of over mentioned agents was evaluated by means of assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity/staining, RT-PCR analysis and von Kossa staining. In addition, we analyzed the meaning of expressed several osteoblastic markers such as alkaline phosphatase, collagen typeI, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein and osteocalcin with relation to either differentiation or mineralization. Only in the presence of Dex, human BMSC could commit osteoblastic differentiation and matrix mineralization, and either BMP-2 or vitamin D treatment was not able to induce. But BMP-2 or Vitamin D showed potential synergy effect with Dex. ALP and bone sialoprotein were clearly expressed in response of Dex treatment compared to weak expression of osteopontin in early osteogenesis. Therefore, we expect that this study will contribute partly to elucidiating early osteogenesis mechanism in human, but variations among bone marrow donors must be considered through further study.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2020

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate whether phelligridin D could reduce glucose-induced oxidative stress, attenuate the resulting inflammatory response, and restore the function of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Methods: Primary HPDLCs were isolated from healthy human teeth and cultured. To investigate the effect of phelligridin D on glucose-induced oxidative stress, HPDLCs were treated with phelligridin D, various concentrations of glucose, and glucose oxidase. Glucose-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory molecules, osteoblast differentiation, and mineralization of the HPDLCs were measured by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) generation, cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining, and western blot analyses. Results: Glucose-induced oxidative stress led to increased production of H₂O₂, with negative impacts on cellular viability, ALP activity, and calcium deposition in HPDLCs. Furthermore, HPDLCs under glucose-induced oxidative stress showed induction of inflammatory molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1-beta) and disturbances of osteogenic differentiation (bone morphogenetic protein-2, and -7, runt-related transcription factor-2), cementogenesis (cementum protein-1), and autophagy-related molecules (autophagy related 5, light chain 3 I/II, beclin-1). Phelligridin D restored all these molecules and maintained the function of HPDLCs even under glucose-induced oxidative stress. Conclusions: This study suggests that phelligridin D reduces the inflammation that results from glucose-induced oxidative stress and restores the function of HPDLCs (e.g., osteoblast differentiation) by upregulating autophagy.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.488-494
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• 2015

치주인대세포의 효과적인 조절은 성공적인 치주 조직 재생에 중요한 역할을 한다. NFATc1의 활성화가 골모세포에서 분화를 자극하지만, 치주인대세포가 골모세포로 분화하는 과정에서 NFATc1의 역할은 아직 보고되지 않았다. 본 연구는 hPDLCs가 골모세포로 분화하는 동안 NFATc1의 mRNA의 발현과 단백질 발현이 유도됨을 처음으로 확인하였다. CsA에 의한 NFATc1의 억제는 세포증식을 감소시켰다. 게다가, CsA를 처리한 결과, 분화표지자, ALP activity 및 광화결정형성을 감소시켰다. 이러한 연구 결과는 NFATc1이 치주 재생을 위한 골모세포 분화에 중요한 조절자 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 2019

Background: Oxidative stress is a known to be associated with in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Ursolic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid with has antimicrobial, antioxidative, and anticancer properties. However, the role of ursolic acid in the regulating of osteogenesis remains undetermined. This study was aimed to elucidate the crucial osteogenic effects of ursolic acid and its ability to inhibit oxidative stress by targeting the immediate early response 3 (IER3)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods: Cell proliferation was determined using water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay, cell differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and formation of calcium nodules was detected using alizarin red S stain. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was determined using by DCFH-DA fluorescence dye in hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated MG-63 cells. Expression levels of IER3, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were analyzed using western blot analysis. Results: Our results showed that ursolic acid up-regulated the proliferation of osteoblasts without any cytotoxic effects, and promoted ALP activity and mineralization. $H_2O_2$-induced ROS generation was found to be significantly inhibited on treatment with ursolic acid. Furthermore, in $H_2O_2$-treated cells, the expression of the early response genes: IER3, Nrf2, and Nrf2-related phase II enzyme (HO-1) was enhanced in the presence of ursolic acid. Conclusion: The key findings of the present study elucidate the protective effects of ursolic acid against oxidative stress conditions in osteoblasts via the IER3/Nrf2 pathway. Thus, ursolic acid may be developed as a preventative and therapeutic agent for mineral homeostasis and inflammatory diseases caused due to oxidative injury.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2023

Postsurgical infections are caused by implant-related pathogenic microorganisms that lead to graft rejection. Hence, an intrinsically antibacterial material is required to produce a biocompatible biomaterial with osteogenic properties that could address this major issue. Hence, this current research aims to make strontium-doped hydroxyapatite nanorods (SrHANRs) via an ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enable microwave mediated method using Anodontia alba seashells for biomedical applications. This investigation also perceives that EDTA acts as a soft template to accomplish Sr-doping and mesoporous structures in pure hydroxyapatite nanorods (HANRs). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals the crystalline and mesoporous structures, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) indicates the surface area of all the samples, including pure HANRs and doped HANRs. In addition, the biocidal ability was tested using various implant-related infectious bacteria pathogens, and it was discovered that Sr-doped HANRs have excellent biocidal properties. Furthermore, toxicity evaluation using zebrafish reports the non-toxic nature of the produced HANRs. Incorporating Sr²⁺ ions into the HAp lattice would enhance biocompatibility, biocidal activity, and osteoconductive properties. As a result, the biocompatible HANRs materials synthesized with Sr-dopants may be effective in bone regeneration and antibacterial in-built implant applications.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.479-497
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Activating brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) can protect against obesity and obesity-related metabolic conditions. Cryptotanshinone (CT) regulates lipid metabolism and significantly ameliorates insulin resistance. Adenosine-5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a receptor for cellular energy metabolism, is believed to regulate brown fat activity in humans. MATERIALS/METHODS: The in vivo study included high-fat-fed obese mice administered orally 200/400 mg/kg/d CT. They were evaluated through weight measurement, the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT), cold stimulation test, serum lipid (total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein) measurement, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, the in vitro study investigated primary adipose mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with incubation of CT and AMPK agonists (acadesine)/inhibitor (Compound C). Cells were evaluated using Oil Red O staining, Alizarin red staining, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining to identify and observe the osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and the Western blot were used to observe related gene expression. RESULTS: In the diet-induced obesity mouse model mice CT suppressed body weight, food intake, glucose levels in the IPGTT and IPTT, serum lipids, the volume of adipose tissue, and increased thermogenesis, uncoupling protein 1, and the AMPK pathway expression. In the in vitro study, CT prevented the formation of lipid droplets from MSCs while activating brown genes and the AMPK pathway. AMPK activator enhanced CT's effects, while the AMPK inhibitor reversed the effects of CT. CONCLUSION: CT promotes adipose tissue browning to increase body thermogenesis and reduce obesity by activating the AMPK pathway. This study provides an experimental foundation for the use of CT in obesity treatment.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1998

동종 이식골 내의 탈회 정도에 따른 잔존 칼슘치가 이소성 골형성능에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 Sprague-dowley계 백서에서 채취한 경골 및 대퇴골의 골간부를 0.5cm 크기로 절단하여 부착 연조직은 제거한 다음, 초음파 세척장치를 이용하여 $60^{\circ}C$ 0,6N HCl용액으로 5분, 10분, 15분, 20분, 25분, 30분, 35분, 40분간 각각 처리하여 탈회 동종 이식골을 준비하였다. 이때 탈회시간에 따른 시편의 무게를 측정하였고, 각 탈회용액으로부터 1cc를 취한 다음 Sigma사의 진단용 칼슘치 측정kit를 이용하여 spectrophotometer로 600nm 파장하에서 칼슘치를 측정하였다. 그리고 탈회 정도에 따른 이식골편의 골형성 유도능을 확인하기 위하여 24마리의 Sprague-dowley계 백서를 탈회시간별로 8군으로 나누어 배부에 0.5cm 크기로 4군데의 피하낭을 형성한후 각각의 처리된 탈회 이식골편을 이식하였다. 매식된 동종 이식골편들을 술후 1, 2, 3주째 채취하여 통법에 따라 H&E염색 표본을 제작하여 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 이상의 실험에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 탈회 30분까지의 용출되는 칼슘 농도 변화는 평균 15.91mg/ml로, 탈회 20분 이후에 평균 99.65%의 탈회정도를 보였다. 2. 동종골 무게 변화량은 탈회시작 25분까지 뚜렷한 무게변화를 보였으나, 그 이후에는 변화의 정도가 미약하였다. 3. 탈회된 이식 통종골에의한 이소성 골형성 유도능 비교에서 20분에서 30분간 탈회된 군에서 가장 양호하였고 그 외의 군에서는 그 정도가 열등하였다. 이상의 결과는 탈회된 동종골에 있어 골형성 유도능을 극대화하기 위해서는 골기질내 무기성분의 완전한 탈회가 선행되어야 하며, 탈회골 기질의 변성이 최소화되어야 함을 시사한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.279-286
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• 2009

Purpose: Gene therapy (ex vivo) has recently been used as a means of delivering bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) to sites of tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated the effect of co-transduction of adenoviruses expressing BMP-2 and BMP-7 on osteogenesisof C2C12 cells in vitro. Methods: A replication-defective human adenovirus 5 (Ad5) containing a cDNA for BMPs in the E1 region of the virus (Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7) was constructed by in vivo homologous recombination. Functional activity of Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 were evaluated in mouse stromal cells (W20-17cells). C2C12 cells are transduced with various MOI (multiplicity of infection) of Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 to assess most effective and stable titer. Based on this result, C2C12 cells were transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 alone or by combination. BMPs expression, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity, cell proliferation, and mineralization were assessed. Results: Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 are successfully transduced to W20-17 cells, and secreted BMPs stimulated cell differentiation. Also, C2C12 cells transduced with Ad5BMPs showed expression of BMPs and increased ALPaseactivity. In all groups, cell proliferation was observed over times. At 7days, cells co-transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 showed lower proliferation than the others. C2C12 cells co-transduced with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 had greater ALPaseactivity than that would be predicted if effect of individual Ad5BMPs were additive. Little mineralized nodule formation was detected in cells transduced with individual Ad5BMPs. In contrast, Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7 combination stimulated mineralization after culturing for 10 days in mineralizing medium. Conclusions: Present study demonstrated that adenoviruses expressing BMPs gene successfully produced BMPs protein and these BMPs stimulated cells to be differentiated into osteoblastic cells. In addition, the osteogenic activity of Ad5BMPs can be synergistically increased by co-transduction of cells with Ad5BMP-2 and Ad5BMP-7.