• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.54-61
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• 1997

This study has conducted to analyze the crelationship among soil properties and to investigate how they affect soil physical characteristics and plant growth. The experiment of woody plant growth was conducted as follows : Type I was the original soil. Type II, the soil particles smaller than 20${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from the original soil. Type III, the soil particles is smaller than 75${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ was removed from original soil. Wisteria floribunda A.P.DC and Celtis sinensisi Pers. were used for plant growth measurement. 1. Soil type II. the closest to Fuller's curved line, showed high dry bulk density and low in soil pores and saturated hydraulic conductivities. This created poor soil aeration and limited space for the root to growth. When the root did not have sufficient space to grow, there was a lot of physical stress, which hindered the root growth. 2. Soil typeIII was high saturated hydraulic conductivity and a lot of soil pores larger than 10 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. As a result, there were more available spaces for root to spread. It was considered that there was less physical stress for root growth. Therefore, soil typeIII showed significantly greater root growth. 3. Because soil type III has less small particles and saturated hydraulic conductivity was high, and water infiltrates rapidly into the underground when there was rainfall or irrigation. The soil typeIII becomes much stronger soil mechanically due to the less small particles. Therefore, soil typeIII was a suitable material for applying on planting sites where soil compaction is expected.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-144
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyse the structure and contents of clothing construction field in the middle-school textbook of technology and home economics with curriculum revised in 2007. 10 kinds of textbooks certified by Ministry of Education, Science and Technology in 2010 were selected and home economics field in them was the subject of this study with the external characteristics such as textbook system, instruction area and contents included. This study was content analysis-oriented and descriptive with data calculated by frequency and percentage. The findings are as follows. In 'Reality of Home-Life', food life area showed highest as 34.4% followed by clothing life(28.7%) and dwelling life(28.7%). The portion of present teachers in writing staffs was highest while there was no textbook where professors of each field were included in writing staffs. The contents of costume society, clothes material, clothes management from section 'Choice and Management of Clothes' in the chapter 'Family Life' and clothing construction from the section 'Making and Modifying Clothes' of the chapter 'Reality of Home-Life' were analysed in this study. Clothing construction-related fields were suggested separately by method of measurement, construction theory, drafting theory, drafting an original form, fabric trimming, utilization of the original form, length measure, cloth cutting, hand stitching, how to use a sewing machine, basting and correction, needlework process, completion, and evaluation. The contents of the unit 'Making Shorts' were about clothing construction theory, human body measurement, drafting an original form, process of making shorts and activity/research/experience. The contents of the unit 'Wearing Clothes after Fixing' in clothing construction-related field were about how to fix and recycling.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.49-54
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• 2017

Objectives : Bangki is commonly Sinomeni Caulis et Rhizoma (SC) in Korea. But it often confused with others such as Cocculi Radix (CR), Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix (SR) and Aristolochiae Fangchi (AR) due to the similarity in herbal names and morphological characteristics. However, because all of these types of Bangi have different healing properties, they need to be differentiated. Methods : A discrimination on external features of original plants and external characteristics of herbal medicines was carried out using visual examination, stereoscope. For the examination of Internal characteristics of herbal medicines, tissues were dyed using fast green FCF, hematoxylin and safranin O, and the features were observed by the microscope. Results : In external morphology of original plants, the original plants of SC and AR were lignum plants and others were herbaceous plants. The leaf blade and the petiole were another discriminative criteria. In external morphology of herbal medicines, SR and AR have powders and others didn't. Also, SC and CR were determined by the dense of the radiation pattern in the cross section. In internal morphology of herbal medicines, SR and AR were distinguished by the dense of Stone cells. Moreover, SC and CR were different in the pattern of medullary ray and vascular bundle. Conclusions : The results above could be used as identification keys of Bangki. Moreover, these identifications might attribute as a fundamental material to further studies like physicochemical pattern analysis and biological reaction.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4134-4145
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• 2022

The collimator is one of the high-heat-flux components used to avoid a series of vacuum and thermal problems. In this paper, the heat load distribution throughout the collimator is first calculated through experimental data, and a transient thermodynamic simulation analysis of the original model is carried out. The error of the pipe outlet temperature between the simulated and experimental values is 1.632%, indicating that the simulation result is reliable. Second, the model is optimized to improve the heat transfer performance of the collimator, including the contact mode between the pipe and the flange, the pipe material and the addition of a twisted tape in the pipe. It is concluded that the convective heat transfer coefficient of the optimized model is increased by 15.381% and the maximum wall temperature is reduced by 16.415%; thus, the heat transfer capacity of the optimized model is effectively improved. Third, to adapt the long-pulse steady-state operation of the experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST) in the future, steady-state simulations of the original and optimized collimators are carried out. The results show that the maximum temperature of the optimized model is reduced by 37.864% compared with that of the original model. The optimized model was changed as little as possible to obtain a better heat exchange structure on the premise of ensuring the consumption of the same mass flow rate of water so that the collimator can adapt to operational environments with higher heat fluxes and long pulses in the future. These research methods also provide a reference for the future design of components under high-energy and long-pulse operational conditions.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-85
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• 2006

As Lee Heon-gil's books have been handed down in oral tradition and written form, there are several different versions including the one edited by the author. Books known to be his writings include Eulmisinbang, Majinbang contained in Susangsingam, and Majinbang, Majingibang and Majinbibang mentioned in Joseoneukhaksageupjilbyeongsa. Among Lee Heon-gil's books, Eulmisinbang was mentioned first in literature. Its original version is missing, but a large part of it is quoted in Magwahoitong, through which we can see the contents of Eulmisinbang. The meanings of Eulmisinbang are as follows. First, it is the most reliable woodblock-printed version as it was the base of Magwahoitong. Second, quotations in Magwahoitong are so accurate that they demonstrate the original texts of Eulmisinbang and can be used in comparison with other versions. Third, Eulmisinbang has the largest volume of contents among Lee Heon-gil's books. Susangsingam was printed again in the early 1900s by combing Majinbang and Sanbangsurok. Majinbang included in the book had been known to come from China but, through comparison with the original, it was found to be the same as Eulmisinbang. Majinbang is considered to be Eulmisinbang handed down in different name, and shows the original structure of Eulmisinbang. Considering its table of contents and the contents, Majinbang mentioned in Joseoneukhaksageupjilbyeongsa looks the same as Majinbang included in Susangsingam. Majingibang was edited by extracting the quotations of Eulmisinbang in Magwahoitong, and was reprinted in the name of Majinbibang. Through analyzing Lee Heon-gil's books, we found two courses through which his books have been handed down. First, Eulmisinbang was quoted separately according to the new structure of Magwahoitong, and the structure of Magwahoitong had been maintained and reprinted under the titles of Majingibang and Majinbibang. Second, Eulmisinbang had maintained its original structure, handed down in the name of Majinbang, and reprinted under the title of Susangsingam. Based on the findings, we selected the quotations of Eulmisinbang in Magwahoitong and Majinbang included in Susangsingam as texts for studying Lee Heon-gil's medicine for measles. Accordingly, it looks likely to rebuild a new research text based on the two woodblock-printed versions, and it will be a crucial material for studying Lee Heon-gil's medicine for measles.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.27
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• pp.39-56
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• 2022

The purpose of this project was to improve the stability of a pair of leather socks for use on snowy days in the collection of the National Museum of Korea (Namsan1567) by conducting conservation treatment and restoring the socks to their original form for use in research and exhibition. Leather socks are referred to in ancient documents with names combining the word "mal" for socks with a term indicating their material (e.g., pimal, meaning leather socks; nokpimal, meaning deer leather socks; jangpimal, meaning roe deer leather socks, or lipimal, meaning racoon dog leather socks) and are mentioned mostly in connection with Jeju Island. Related documents include the Seungjeongwon ilgi (Daily Record of the Grand Secretariat), Injaeilnok (Diary of Injae Jo Geukseon), and Hamel's Journal and a Description of the Kingdom of Joseon. Extant examples of ancient leather socks display the same form as beoseon (traditional Korean socks) and are made of either leather or a combination of leather and fabric. It is likely that such leather socks were worn on Jeju Island to protect the feet from the cold. A condition survey of the leather socks was first conducted to establish a plan for their conservation treatment. Since the socks were in rather poor condition, it was decided to identify their original form through an investigation of relics and pertinent previous studies. The socks were cleaned in consideration of results of the condition survey, and the missing parts around the necks of the socks were reinforced in a reversible manner using counting stitches with cloth dyed to match the original color. Since the bottoms of the socks had lost much of their original form due to deterioration and disintegration in the leather, supports were made and inserted inside the socks to help retain their shape. Through these processes, the structure and characteristics of the socks and the techniques used in their production could be analyzed, their condition was stabilized, and their original form was recovered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.818-824
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• 2018

CFRP is often used as lightweight hull material for luxury yachts or special-service ships. An electric propulsion system is also eco-friendly, and has been trialled to equip a small vessel as its main propulsion. In this study, replacing the hull materials and propulsion system with CFRP and electric motors, we made an estimate of the effect of weight reduction and compared it to the original design, for this purpose a case study was conducted on a 45-ft yacht. When redesigning structures with CFRP, we applied the reinforcement content of the carbon fiber in the same way as the original (GC = 0.4), and when changing to the electric propulsion system, we designed motors and battery packs to achieve the same performance as the original. The result showed that CFRP and the electric propulsion system could make the structural and machinery weights 45 % and 58 % lighter, respectively. However, in terms of efficiency, it was confirmed that the electric propulsion system is practically inefficient because it requires a huge amount of battery packs for the same navigation range with diesel engines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.210-215
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• 2002

This thesis is contents on the crystal grown by the solide phase method at $925^{\circ}C$ with orthorhombic structure that $LiMnO_{2}$ active material synthesised with precurse $Mn_{2}O_{3}$ and $LiOH.H_{2}O$ material to get three voltage level. The porosity analysis of the grown crystal in secondary batteries $LiMnO_{2}$ thin film is $1.323E+02\AA$ of the average pore diameter of powder particles and its structure to be taken the pore diameter was prepared. Adding voltage area to get properties of charge and discharge of which experiment result of $LiMnO_{2}$ thin film area 2.2V~4.3V, current and scan speed were 0.1mAh/g and $0.2mV/cm^{2}$ respectively, and properties of the charge and discharge to be got optimum experiment condition parameter and density rate of Li for analyze that unit discharge capacity with metal properties is 87mAh/g was 96.9[ppm] at 670.784[nm] wavelength, and density rate of Mn analyzed 837[ppm] at 257.610[nm]. It can be estimated the quality of thin film that wrong cell reject from the bottle of electrolyte. The results of SEM and XRD were the same that of original researchers.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.449-457
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• 2016

A stoneware bottle was recovered from the Incheon Yeongheungdo Shipwreck in 2013. Primary observations showed that this object had a sealed opening and was covered with a foreign material. After it was cleaned via mechanical and chemical methods, wave patterns were observed on the outer surface of the bottle and a yellowish-brown transparent material was found within. In this paper, the process of conserving the stoneware bottle and the analysis conducted on the unknown material found within is explained. The conservation process included steps such as cleaning, desalination and restoration. After of the missing area located at the rim, the original shape of the bottle was made clear. In addition, the unknown inner material was analyzed using FT-IR and GC-MS. Results showed that the material is similar to golden lacquer. It is speculated that the Yeongheungdo Ship had wrecked during the Unified Silla period while carrying a bottle loaded with golden lacquer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.43-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to enhance durability of concrete structures that uses this surface protecting material by carrying out the performance test of the surface protecting material of concrete, and as s result, we reached out the conclusion as follow. 1. As a result of the test measuring the stability and adhesive power of conductive film against ultraviolet, freezing & thawing, and damage from seawater that deteriorate the surface protecting material, it was turned out to meet the performance criteria specifying in the KS standard enough to gain a good evaluation to use as a surface protecting material. 2. As a result of the test identifying the neutralization-furtherance, it was assessed to be capable of protecting effectively concrete structures from carbonic acid gas by a very low depth of 0.1mm of neutralization. 3. As a result of the test identifying Penetrated Resistance Properties of chloride ion, as it was turned out to have a very low value of 819 Coulombs, it was assessed that even in the environment where the corrosion by chloride such sea environment is very affective, the film can effectively protect the concrete structure. 4. As a result of the test identifying freezing & thawing, as there was no change in reduction of mass after 400 cycle, it was assessed that the film has a good resistance against freezing & thawing. According to the results of study above, it is expected that this technology can extend its durability of concrete structure and be widely used for concrete structure through means (methods) to prevent the neutralization and damage from seawater as original purposes of the surface protecting material.