• 대한동의생리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.34-34
• /
• 2006

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.25-33
• /
• 2002

Substantial evidence suggests that behavioral and reinforcing effects of cocaine can be mediated by the mesolimbic dopaminergic system. Injections of cocaine can produce one of the immediate-early gene, c-fos expression in the brain and behavioral activation. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many mental disorders such as drugs of abuse. In order to investigate whether acupuncture has an influence on cocaine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of acupuncture on cocaine-induced locomotor activity and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum using Fos-like-immunoreactivity(FLI). Male SD rats received acupuncture for 1 min after injection of cocaine hydrochloride(1 mg/kg, i.v.). The employed acupuncture point, Shenmen$(HT_7)$, has been clinically used to treat mental and psychosomatic disorders. Injections of cocaine produced a marked increase in locomotor activity and FLI in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Acupuncture at $HT_7$, but not at control points($PC_6,\;TE_4$ or tail), significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increase in locomotor activity and Fos-like immunoreactivity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture may be reflected by reduction of postsynaptic neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens and the striatum. Our results suggest that acupuncture may have a therapeutic effect on cocaine addiction.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.1393-1403
• /
• 2003

The genetic effects of restraint stress challenge on HPA axis and the therapeutic effect of Boshimgeonbi-Tang on the stress were studied with cDNA microarray analyses on hypothalamus using an immobilization-stress mouse as stress model. Male CD-1 mice were restrained in a tightly fitted and ventilated vinyl holder for 2hours once a day, and this challenge was repeated for seven consecutive days. The body weights of the immobilization-stress mice were diminished about 25 percent degree as compared to normal ones. Seven days later, total RNA was extracted from the organs of the mouse, body-labeled with CyDye/sup TM/ fluorescence dyes (Amersham Bioscience Co., NJ), and then hybridized to cDNA microarray chip. Scanning and analyzing the array slides were carried out using GenePix 4000 series scanner and GenePix Pro/sup TM/ analyzing program, respectively. The expression profiles of 109 genes out of 6000 genes on the chip were significantly modulated in hypothalamus by the immobilization stress. Energy metabolism-, lipid metabolism-, apoptosis- and signal transduction-related genes were transcriptionally activated whereas DNA repair-, protein biosynthesis-, and structure integrity-related genes were down-regulated in hypothalamus. The 58 genes were up-regulated by the mRNA expression folds of 1.5 to 7.9. and the 51 genes were down-regulated by 1.5 - 3.5 fold. The 20 genes among them were selected to confirm the expression profiles by RT-PCR. The mRNA expression levels of Tnfrsf1a (apoptosis), Calm2 (cell cycle), Bag3 (apoptosis), Hspe1 (protein folding), Aatk (apoptosis), Dffa (apoptosis), Itgb1 (cell adhesion), Vcam1 (cell adhesion), Fkbp5 (protein folding), BDNF (neuron survival) were restored to the normal one by the treatment of Boshimgeonbi-Tang.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.45-64
• /
• 2003

This study was conducted to examine the recognition level of the people on oriental medical Services and the need for it's improvement. Data were collected from 1174 residents in Daegu metropolitan city and Gyungbuk province. According to the satisfaction level with each items of oriental medical services, the respondents had positive views on efficacy, kindness, and side-effects. They, however, had negative view on the cost of oriental medical services. In regarding to the priority of improvement of oriental medical system, 'expansion of insurance benefit package' ranked first. Followed by 'safety of herbal medicine(heavy metal/pesticides)', 'improvement of scientific methods and diagnostic technique' etc. For the further development of oriental medical services in the consumer - focused and evidenced-based health care environment, much attention to implement relevant health policy reflecting user's need positively should be made.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.64-78
• /
• 2009

Objectives: To research Korean oriental medical doctors' use of uninsured herbal extracts and how to bring about the insurance coverage of such herbal extracts. Methods: We surveyed Korean oriental doctors about the following issues from October 17th to November 15th, 2008: (1) Korean oriental medical doctors' knowledge about herbal extract insurance and the circumstances of oriental medicine in Korea, (2) their opinion on the coverage of currently uninsured herbal extracts and the dispensing of herbal extracts from pharmacies rather than from their clinics, (3) their use of herbal extracts, and (4) how to bring about insurance coverage of uninsured herbal extracts. Results: Over 70% of the respondents said that herbal medicine prescriptions have been reduced recently and that the existence of herbal medicine is in danger. In addition, 63.64% respondents agreed with expanding insurance coverage to include currently uninsured herbal extracts in spite of the fact that patients might have to obtain herbal extracts from pharmacies rather than from Korean oriental medical clinics. The average patient number per month of uninsured herbal extracts was 13.64 people, the average dosage was 5.64g, the average cost per day was 3,859 won, and the average prescription period was 2.65 days. Korean oriental medical doctors asked an average of 12,486 won for the medical examination-prescription fee and 3,292 won in fees for prescriptions obtained outside the hospital. If insurance coverage expands to include these herbal extracts, their usage is expected to increase 2.31 times. Conclusions: This study shows Korean oriental medical doctors' use of herbal extracts and their opinions about execution of herbal extracts' insurance. A periodic study such as this one will hopefully aid in establishing polices for uninsured herbal extracts' insurance.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.114-120
• /
• 2002

A 1,989-bp genomic region encoding nickel resistance genes was isolated from Legionella pneumophila, a pathogen for legionellosis. From a sequencing and computer analysis, the region was found to harbor two structural genes, a nreB-like protein gene (1,149 bp) and a nreA-like protein gene (270 bp), in a row. Both genes exhibited a significant degree of similarity to the corresponding genes from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 ($54\%$ amino acid sequence identity) and Achromobacter xylosoxidans 31A ($76\%$). The gene was successfully expressed in E. coli MG1655 and conferred a nickel resistance of up to 5 mM in an LB medium and 3 mM in a TMS medium including gluconate as the sole carbon source. E. coli harboring the nickel resistance gene also exhibited a substantial resistance to cobalt, yet no resistance to cadmium or zinc. Since the extracellular concentration of nickel remained constant during the whole period of cultivation, it was confirmed that the nickel resistance was provided by an efflux system like the $Ni^2＋$permease (nrsD) of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803. Since polyphosphate (poly-P) is known as a global regulator for gene expression as well as a potential virulence factor in E. coli, the nickel resistance of a ppk mutant of E. coli MG 1655 harboring the nickel resistance gene from L. pneumophila was compared with that of its parental strain. The nickel resistance was significantly attenuated by ppk inactivation, which was more pronounced in an LB medium than in a TMS medium.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2011

Objectives This trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Red Ginseng by oriental medical obesity syndrome differentiation on obese women as compared to placebo. Methods 50 obese women were recruited and randomized to receive Korean Red Ginseng(n=24) or placebo(n=26) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric factors, serum lipid, glucose, blood pressure, pulse rate, resting metabolic rate, Korean version of obesity-related quality of life(KOQOL) scale and oriental medical obesity syndrome differentiation questionnaire were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Adeverse events and safety outcomes variables were also checked during trials. Results and Conclusion There was significant efficacy of Red Ginseng on obese women in body weight, body fat mass, waist-hip ratio, food intake, KOQOL as compared with baseline. But there was no efficacy as compared with placebo group except KOQOL. There was no difference of efficacy compared with the oriental medical obesity syndrome differentiation.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.304-305
• /
• 2000

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.48-63
• /
• 2010

Objectives: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Gu Ben Dan 延年益壽固本丹) is composed of 11 herbs (Polygoni Mutiflori Radix, Lycii Radicis Cortex, Polia, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Asparagi Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Lycii Fructus, Acori Graminei Rhizoma, Angelicae Acutiloba Radix, and Pini Folium) based on Yonryunggobon-dan (Yan Ling Gu Ben Dan 延齡固本丹) and Yonnyuniksoobulrho-dan (Yan Nian Yi Shou Bu Lao Dan 延年益壽不老丹). This study evaluated hair growth promoting effect of Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan on the shaved C57BL/6 mice. Methods: Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan was treated by oral administration (Sample I) and oral administration plus skin application (Sample II) once a day for 12 days. Hair regrowth was photographically and histologically determined during the experimental period. Hair growth cycle related factors (EGF, TGF-${\beta}1$) and vascular factors (VEGF, iNOS) were also determined with immunohistochemistry. Results: 1. On gross observation of hair regrowth, Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated acceleration of hair regrowth. 2. The hair regrowth index of the Sample I group increased significantly from 7 days (P<0.05) to 12 days (P<0.01) after the shave while that of the Sample II group significantly increased at 12 days (P<0.05). 3. On histological observation, both Sample I and Sample II groups demonstrated histological improvement and increases of number and diameter of the hair follicles. 4. EGF expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 5. TGF-${\beta}1$ expressions on the root sheath of hair follicles were not regulated in Sample I or Sample II groups. 6. VEGF expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were up-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. 7. iNOS expressions in the surrounding tissues of hair follicles were down-regulated in both Sample I and Sample II groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that Yonnyuniksoogobon-dan has hair growth-promoting activity and these effects relate to up-regulations of EGF and VEFG expressions and down-regulations of TGF-${\beta}1$ and iNOS expressions on hair roots.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.99-111
• /
• 2008

Objective : This study was performed to evaluate oriental medical treatment for ADHD in childhood Methods : We analyzed DSM-4 and ADS scores before and after the treatments, such as acupuncture, decoction of medical ingredients, correction treatment and oriental kinesitherapy, of ADHD in 12 elementary school students who have been visited Byon oriental medical clinic (Dogok-dong Seoul) from March to October, 2007. And all patients were treated 2 times a week for 3 month. Results : In this study, oriental medical treatments, such as acupuncture, decoction of medical ingredients, correction treatment and oriental kinesitherapy, to balance left and right brains, which is based on oriental medicine theory, was not only effective for treating attention deficit and hyperactivity which is the major problem of children in ADHD, but also effective for resistance, sociality, homology and communication. And we concluded that oriental medical treatments, which treats imbalance disorder of brain, were effective for treating ADHD.