• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2020

Because of the intensified environmental problems such as climate change and resource depletion, sewage treatment technology focused on energy management has recently attracted attention. The conversion of primary sludge from the primary sedimentation tank and excessive sludge from the secondary sedimentation tank into biogas is the key to energy-positive sewage treatment. In particular, the primary sedimentation tanks recover enriched biodegradable organic matter and anaerobic digestion process produces methane from the organic wastes for energy production. Such technologies for minimizing oxygen demand are leading the innovation regarding sewage treatment plants. However, sewage treatment facilities in Korea lack core technology and operational know-how. Actually, the energy potential of sewage is higher than sewage treatment energy consumption in the sewage treatment, but current processes are not adequately efficient in energy recovery. To improve this, it is possible to apply chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), high-rate activated sludge (HRAS), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) to the primary sedimentation tank. To maximize the methane production of sewage treatment plants, organic wastes such as food waste and livestock manure can be digested. Additionally, mechanical pretreatment, thermal hydrolysis, and chemical pretreatment would enhance the methane conversion of organic waste. Power generation systems based on internal combustion engines are susceptible to heat source losses, requiring breakthrough energy conversion systems such as fuel cells. To realize the energy positive sewage treatment plant, primary organic matter recovery from sewage, biogas pretreatment, and co-digestion should be optimized in the energy management system based on the knowledge-based operation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.130-136
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• 2011

Methane is known to be one of the major greenhouse gases. On a global scale, livestock farming may contribute 18% of total greenhouse gas emissions. Though methane contribution is less than 2% of all the factors leading to global warming, it plays an important role because it is 21 times more effective than carbon dioxide. Methane emission is a direct result of the fermentation process performed by ruminal microorganisms and, in particular, the archael methanogens. Reducing methane emission would benefit both ruminant production and the environment. Methane generation can be reduced by electron-sink metabolic pathways to dispose of the reducing moieties. An alternative way for methane control in the rumen is to apply inhibitors against methanogens. Generating methane from manure has considerable merit because it appears to offer at least a partial solution to two pressing problems-environmental crisis and energy shortage. An obvious benefit from methane production is the energy value of the gas itself. Control of methane emission by rumen microbes in Korea has mainly been focused on application of various chemicals, such as BES and PMDI, that inhibit the growth and activity of methanogens in the rumen. Alternatives were to apply long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and oils with or without organic acids (malate and fumarate). The results for trials with methane reducing agents and the situation of biogas production industries and a typical biogas plant in Korea will be introduced here.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제49권9호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2012

축산생육환경에서 다양한 경로로부터 발생하는 유해가스는 가축 및 농가작업자에게 직/간접 적으로 영향을 미칠 수 있으며, 점차적인 사육조밀화와 동절기 밀폐환경에 장기간 노출 시 치명적일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 가축분뇨로부터 발생하는 암모니아, 황화수소, 휘발성유기화합물 가스 등을 모니터링하기 위해 무선가스센서노드와 퍼지 최소-최대 신경회로망을 이용한 가스인식 소프트웨어로 이루어진 가스측정시스템을 제안한다. 제안한 시스템의 성능을 평가하기 위해 가스측정실험환경을 구축하여 제작한 무선가스센서노드로 가스측정실험을 수행하고, 개발한 가스인식 소프트웨어로 대상가스 분류시험을 통해 성능을 입증한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2016

In order to compare phosphorus (P) behavior of livestock manure compost (LMC) and chemical fertilizer (CF) applied to the sea-reclaimed land soils, incubation experiments were conducted for five weeks. Four soils differing textural classes, sandy loam and clay loam, and electric conductivity (EC) value, high and low, were applied with CF and LMC. LMC was applied at the level of 0, 1, 2, and 3% on the soil weight basis and CF was applied at the same levels of P as LMC. The results showed that increase of P application rate of CF and LMC led to linearly increase available $P_2O_5$ and $0.01M\;CaCl_2$ extractable P contents regardless of soil texture and EC. However, 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P from soil applied with CF was significantly higher than with LMC. Correlation analysis between $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P and fractionated P by different extraction methods showed that $0.01M-CaCl_2$ extractable P positively correlated with KCl-P (soluble and exchangeable P) and HCl-P (Ca and Mg bound P). However, NaOH-P (Fe and Al bound P and organic P) and residual P was adverse. The amount of NaOH-P significantly influenced to the amount of 0.01M $CaCl_2$ extractable P of CF and LMC in the soils. The application of LMC at sandy loam soil could be carried out in the consideration of nutrient leaching and crop uptake.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.386-389
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• 2006

Silage is a major component of cattle rations, so the improvement of silage quality by the inoculation of lactic acid bacteria is of great interest. In this study, commercially distributed Lactobacillus plantram and Lactobacillus rhamnousas NGRI 0110 were used for ensilaging of guinea grass. The four treatments used were a control silage, a silage with cellulase addition, a silage with cellulose+L. plantram addition, and a silage with cellulose + NGRI 0110 addition. Silage quality, voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility, and the characteristics of ruminal fluid of wethers were investigated. Silage to which lactic acid bacteria were added showed low pH and acetic acid concentration and the highest lactic acid content. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility were significantly (p<0.05) increased by cellulase addition and significantly (p<0.05) higher values were observed in L. plantram- and NGRI 0110-added silage. Voluntary intake of NGRI 0110-added silage was the highest and that of control silage was the lowest. We concluded that the observed ability of NGRI 0110 to tolerate low pH and to continue lactic acid fermentation in high lactic acid concentration had also occurred in actual ensilaging. The results indicate that the addition of lactic acid bacteria might improve silage quality and increase digestibility and voluntary intake. The potential for improvement by NGRI 0110 was higher than that to be gained by the use of commercially available lactic acid bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

This study examined the influence of re-growth periods on chemical composition, biomass production, nutritive value and digestion kinetics of Setaria sphacelata (SS) and Cenchrus ciliaris (CC) in ruminally cannulated buffalo bulls. Two re-growth intervals i.e. clipping every month ($CI_1$) and clipping after every two months ($CI_2$) were compared with the control (clipped after 4 months). Mean values of leaf to stem ratio in SS and CC grasses were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. The lowest leaf to stem ratio was recorded in control plots of both grasses. In both grasses, increasing growth period increased the concentrations of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and organic matter (OM) and decreased crude protein (CP). Mean dry herbage, OM and CP yields of SS and CC were increased (p<0.05) with increasing re-growth interval. Ruminal DM and NDF digestibilities of SS and CC were decreased (p<0.05) with increasing interval. Ruminal rate of DM and NDF disappearance was higher while the ruminal lag time of these nutrients was lower with monthly than with bi-monthly clipping interval. The results from present study imply that SS and CC clipped after every two months is more beneficial than when clipped every month or every four months in terms of optimal biomass with adequate nutritional value for buffaloes.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2012

축사지역은 가축분뇨처리장으로부터의 오염물질 배출농도가 높아 인근 하천의 수질 및 수생태계에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 또한 강우시에는 축사주위에 축적되어 있던 각종 비점오염물질들이 강우유출수와 함께 유출되어 처리장 방류수와 함께 인근 하천의 주요 오염원으로 작용한다. 그러나 점오염원으로 배출되는 처리장의 배출수와 비점오염원 형태로 배출되는 강우유출수의 오염물질 유출특성이 달라 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 축사지역의 점및 비점오염원의 특성을 분석하여 향후 가축분뇨 관리대책 수립에 필요한 기본자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상지역은 10ha의 돈사 지역이며 모니터링은 2008년 10월부터 2011년 11월까지 3년동안 수행되었다. 입자상 물질 및 인의 배출농도는 비점오염원에서 높게 나타났으며, 유기물질 및 질소의 배출농도는 점오염원에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 비점오염원이 섞인 유출수에서는 TN/TP 비에 비해 낮은 BOD 농도를 보였다. 축사지역의 가축분뇨관리는 비점오염원에서의 입자상 물질 관리와 유기물질에 비해 높게 배출되는 점오염원의 영양염류 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.191-196
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• 2007

The slaughter process for cattle will inevitably transfer some bacteria onto the carcasses. The goal of food safety programs is to minimize and effectively remove this contamination. This study was attempted by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ machine-vision technology that might be useful for reducing microbial indicator counts and could reduce the contamination chance of E coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp on beef carcasses. For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ technology, 80 samples were examined by the inspection device over 15 days. On an examination of FDS-positive samples compared to negative controls from the same carcasses, aerobic plate counts were bigger than the negative control samples (5.26 vs 4.60 log). Enterobacteriaceae counts were greater on the positive samples than the corresponding negative control samples (2.07 vs 1.17log). There was a consistent correlation between samples detected by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ system with detectable counts. For example, 100% of positive samples had detectable APC and 91.2% of positive samples had detectable TCC. Therefore, if areas detected as positive for contamination by the Verif $EYE^{TM}$ system were removed from the carcasses, significant sources of microbial contamination will be reduced for objective compliance with HACCP. This results suggest that the use of Verif $EYE^{TM}$ machine-vision technology might be useful for reducing microbial indicator counts (APC, TCC) and could help reduce the risk of presence of E coJi O157:H7 and Salmonella spp on Beef carcasses.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2020년도 학술발표회
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• pp.231-231
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• 2020

Unlike conventional treatment technologies, the performance of nature-based facilities were susceptible to seasonal changes and climatological variabilities. This study evaluated the effects of seasonal variables on the treatment performance of constructed wetlands (CWs). Two CWs treating runoff and discharge from agricultural and livestock areas were monitored to determine the efficiency of the systems in reducing particulates, organics, and nutrients in the influent. For all four seasons, the mean effluent suspended solids concentration in the agricultural CW (ACW) increased by -2% to -39%. The occurrence of algal blooms in the system during summer and fall seasons resulted to the greatest increase in the amount of suspended materials in the overlying water. unlike ACW, the livestock CW (LCW) performed efficiently throughout the year, with mean suspended solids removal amounting to 61% to 68%. Algal blooms were still present in LCW seasonally; however, the constant inflow in the system limited the proliferation of phytoplankton through continuous flushing. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) removal efficiencies in ACW were higher during the summer (21% to 25%) and fall (8% to 21%) seasons since phytoplankton utilize nitrogen and phosphorus during the early stages of phytoplankton blooms. In the case of LCW, the most efficient reduction in TN (24%) and TP (54%) concentrations were also noted in summer, which can be attributed to the favorable environmental conditions for microbial activities. The mean removal of organics in ACW was lowest during summer season (-52% to 35%), wherein the onset of algal decay triggered a relative increase in organic matter and stimulate bacterial growth. The removal of organics in LCW was highest (54 % to 55%) during the fall and winter seasons since low water temperatures may limit the persistence of various algal species. Variations in environmental conditions due to seasonal changes can greatly affect the performance of CW systems. This study effectively established the contributory factors affecting the feasibility of utilizing CW systems for treating agricultural and livestock discharges and runoff.