• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.3
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• pp.313-320
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for preserving forest ecosystem with understanding forest wetland condition of Mt. Cheongok. It was found from this research that vascular plants of surveyed area were composed of 72 families, 167 genera, 209 species, and 2 subspecies, 27 varieties, 5 formae. totaling 243 taxa. Among the investigated vascular plants, Korea endemic plants were 9 species, rare plants 15 species, and naturalized plants 8 species, respectively. According to the occurrence frequency within the wetland investigated, obligate upland plants (OBU) accounted for 75.72% (184) among the total species investigated, wherea obligate wetland plant (OBW) were four species (4.65%). There were 26 of hygrophyte plants and 2 of emergent plants in the research area according to wet degree. According to habitat category, the most frequently occurred habitat was forest (136 species, 55.97%), and the others were in the order of meadow and shrubland (70 species, 28.81%), wet meadow (35 species, 14.40%), and aquatic environment (2 species, 0.82%), respectively. In the result of analysis of important value, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Carex pseudosinensis was the highest as 22.17% and 10.40%. It was confirmed that the species diversity was relatively high. Shannon-Wiener's species diversity index was calculated as 2.507. Based on these results, long-term monitoring survey should be urgently needed for ecological restoration and recovery.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.166-175
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• 2020

Recently, application fields for processing and using digital image contents in various forms and types are rapidly increasing. Since image content is high value-added content, the intellectual property rights of this content must be protected in order to activate the production and use of the digital image content. In this paper, we propose a deep learning based watermark embedding and extraction network. The proposed method is to maximize the robustness of the watermark against malicious/non-malicious attacks while preserving the invisibility of the host image. This network consists of a preprocessing network that changes the watermark to have the same resolution as the host image, a watermark embedding network that embeds watermark data while maintaining the resolution of the host image by three-dimensionally concatenating the changed host image and the watermark information, and a watermark extraction network that reduces the resolution and extracts watermarks. This network verifies the invisibility and robustness of the proposed method by experimenting with various pixel value change attacks and geometric attacks against various watermark data and host images with various resolutions, and shows that this method is universal and practical.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.577-584
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• 2009

This study was conducted to verify the types of village forest in Gyeongsan City, North Gyeongsang Province, and a total of 32 village forests were investigated. The result indicated that village forests in Gyeongsan City can be classified as 8 village enterance forests(25.0%), 6 hillside forests(18.8%), 7 streamside forests(21.9%), and 11 village peripheral forests(34.4%). The major tree species in the village enterance forests are as follows: Zelkova serrata(34.3%), Ginkgo biloba(11.2%) and Robinia pseudoacacia(10.5%). The major tree species in hillside forests are: Pinus densiflora(56.8%), Quercus acutissima(26.4%) and Zelkova serrata(4.3%). The major tree species in the streamside forests are: Zelkova serrata(40.4%), Salix chaenomeloides var. chaenomeloides(27.1%) and Cornus wateri(5.5%). The major tree species in the village peripheral forests are: Zelkova serrata(21.7%), Quercus acutissima(10.8%) and Cornus walteri(8.9%). The habitat fragmentation due to transportation infrastructure, the function of habitats for village forests has deteriorated. In order to improve it, the management plan should be implemented and the seedlings of village forest trees should be carefully selected and propagated. Furthermore, the public should be educated about the importance of preserving and developing those village forests.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2014

Considering that decision in conservation treatment for damaged objects should consider not only various options of methodology of intervention but also possible consequences of different types of intervention, it is a difficult task to decide and propose clear and safest solution of preserving an object. In addition, it should be constantly challenged by conservators even if it is proved technique or methodology in a past treatment. Therefore, there is no absolute solution which can be applied to all practice but each decision can be different case by case. It is not possible to estimate the way how the present condition of material and environmental aspects would affect to the condition of an object in future. However if conservators keep trying to set out various ways of analysing pro and against effect of past treatments, it would be able to provide useful logics of proving efficiency and appropriateness of a certain treatment. Understanding that the advantage of laser technique is to adopt a way of cleaning an object without making a direct contact, which is different from other techniques, this paper aims at securing stability of laser techniques, although it remains a limitation in the compatibility to all other materials. This study has examined reacting process on the painted pigments against laser beam by using CLSM in order for it to display both the problems from such reacting process and the efficiency of it as a cleaning methodology. It has intended to estimate the result of laser techniques and propose the range of applicability.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.443-456
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• 2017

The Geumran-gasa (Kasaya) and Jangsam of the monk Samyeong are historical relics and were designated as object No.29, a Buddhist costume of the Joseon Dynasty, by the National Folklore Cultural Heritage, in 1973. In 1984, after being treated for the purposes of washing and preserving the shape of the garments, the object was kept in the Temple Museum of Pyochungsa, as their holding institution. However, regular inspection conducted by the Cultural Heritage Administration in 2013 determined the need for a re-treatment. The Geumran-gasa had been originally made with 25 strips, but it had been separated into two parts and many pieces were lost. A part of the collar in the Jangsam was lost as well. Therefore, both relics needed to be restored. The re-treatment process involved pre-investigation, washing, reinforcement fabric dyeing, restoration, and fumigation. In particular, we focused on reinforcing the damaged parts and restoring the missing parts by applying advanced materials and methods in order to restore the original form as much as possible. This conservation is the result of the re-treatment of the cultural properties by replacing the old material used in past treatments and applying advanced methods under the basic principle of reversibility in conservation treatment.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.171-180
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to discover the plans for Yangyeongsi in Daegu, one of the most traditional streets and a tourist spot in South Korea, by preserving the historical place, reviving the historical characteristics and identity, revitalizing the uniqueness of the location, and developing the environment. This paper also illustrates the problems of the place through a investigation into its current state in order to promote the district and conduct a fundamental research framework to suggest future development methods and directions based on the problem statements. Daegu Yangyeongsi was chosen through frequency analysis and a survey asking for a suitable location and local characteristics to be developed for the local promotion through the field investigation of 158 cultural assets registered in the local government. This survey was conducted through the development process of the Regional Design Innovation Center to revitalize the traditional streets and places of interest. Through this investigation, 19 sites and traditional streets, which can be cultural resources for sightseeing and contribute to the local promotion, were extracted. Yangyeongsi, was selected from the finalists. The research methodology will be 1) to identify things for improvement potentiality through an in-depth analysis of Yangyeongsi, 2)to examine the mutual relationship between the revitalization strategy of Yangyeongsi and the city promotion strategy, and 3) to integrate the problems and improvements based on the results of the analysis. The notion of SWOT analysis synthetically considering the elements of opportunity and intimidation, strength and weakness to come up with the development direction was introduced to discover the local characteristics of Yangyeongsi and deduce the problem statement through the state analysis. Based on these results, the future development method and direction will be suggested in this paper through the revitalization study of Yangyeongsi.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.29-60
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• 2010

The incentive and reasons to publish FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects(DBO Form) are manifold. It is partly a response to the increasing need for sophisticated project delivery methods in both the public and private sectors and the already widespread use of the FIDIC Yellow Book with operation and maintenance obligations and partly a response to the challenge to decrease maintenance cost to a minimum by means of a new procurement route. As a result, FIDIC has developed a new model form to meet this market place requirement. On the other hand, FIDIC did not simply adapt the Yellow Book but has developed a new form from it, whilst preserving the style of the already known FIDIC Forms and maintaining the wording where it was not necessary to change it for the purposes of a DBO Form. Moreover DBO Form fills up supposed gaps in other FIDIC Forms and ameliorates the claim management and dispute management framework. FIDIC DBO approach may be shortly summarized as follows. First, DBO Form provides for single project responsibility. Second, DBO Form has the clear objective of ensuring the use of a most reliable and efficient technology at the lowest life-cycle cost. Third, DBO Form is intended to operate as an effective quality increase in the design and construction of projects. Fourth, DBO Form is intended to provide significant benefits with regard to system integration and reduction of risks. Fifth, DBO Form accelerates and enhances completion schedule compliance. Sixth, DBO takes care of all three supporting pillars of sustainability(including economical, environmental and social elements). DBO Form is obviously a good starting point for negotiations and the preparation of calls for tenders, thus saving the parties time and money. However, existing cultural and legal differences, particular local conditions and the particular needs of some branches of the industry may require the form to be adapted according to the particular needs of a project. And Civil law practitioners are strongly recommended to verify carefully the underlying legal concepts and background of each clause of the General Conditions in order to avoid unnecessary and sometimes unnatural changes and amendments being made. Note that when preparing the Particular Conditions ensure that terminology is consistent and that existing inherent concepts should not be ignored.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2014

Compressive sensing is a new signal acquisition paradigm that enables sparse/compressible signal to be sampled under the Nyquist-rate. To fully benefit from its much simplified acquisition process, huge efforts have been made on improving the performance of compressive sensing recovery. However, concerning color images, compressive sensing recovery lacks in addressing image characteristics like energy distribution or human visual system. In order to overcome the problem, this paper proposes a new group-sparsity hard thresholding process by preserving some RGB-grouped coefficients important in both terms of energy and perceptual sensitivity. Moreover, a smoothed group-sparsity iterative hard thresholding algorithm for compressive sensing of color images is proposed by incorporating a frame-based filter with group-sparsity hard thresholding process. In this way, our proposed method not only pursues sparsity of image in transform domain but also pursues smoothness of image in spatial domain. Experimental results show average PSNR gains up to 2.7dB over the state-of-the-art group-sparsity smoothed recovery method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.209-220
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• 2014

Compressive Sensing (CS) is a new signal acquisition paradigm which enables sampling under Nyquist rate for a special kind of signal called sparse signal. There are plenty of CS recovery methods but their performance are still challenging, especially at a low sub-rate. For CS recovery of natural images, regularizations exploiting some prior information can be used in order to enhance CS performance. In this context, this paper addresses improving quality of reconstructed natural images based on Dantzig selector and smooth filters (i.e., Gaussian filter and nonlocal means filter) to generate a new regularization called smooth residual error regularization. Moreover, total variation has been proved for its success in preserving edge objects and boundary of reconstructed images. Therefore, effectiveness of the proposed regularization is verified by experimenting it using augmented Lagrangian total variation minimization. This framework is considered as a new CS recovery seeking smoothness in residual images. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvement of the proposed framework over some other CS recoveries both in subjective and objective qualities. In the best case, our algorithm gains up to 9.14 dB compared with the CS recovery using Bayesian framework.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.941-951
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• 2012

The changes of forest habitats and maeulsoops(village forests) in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea are examined using landscape indices and morphological pattern analysis, and their landscape-ecological implications on conserving biological diversity are presented. We used FRAGSTATS and GUIDOS software, as well as land cover maps(of 1989 and 2006) to analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of habitat composition and configuration in surrounding landscapes of 34 representative maeulsoops and Jinan-gun. The results showed decreases in the amount of core habitats and corridors and habitat connectivity at a regional scale since 1989. In addition, multi-scale habitat analysis at a focal scale revealed that the structural and functional connectivity between forest habitats surrounding maeulsoops of the year 2006 was lower than that of the year 1989. In order to reduce forest fragmentation and to enhance the connectivity among habitats, it is necessary to provide the additional habitat corridors as well as preserving existing corridors and surrounding landscapes of maeulsoops. We also suggest that a combination of landscape indices and morphological spatial pattern analysis can provide an effective tool to assess the habitat functions and configuration in a rapidly changing landscape.