• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.161-169
• /
• 2008

초음파 검사로 신장의 크기를 측정하는 일은 신 질환의 진단, 치료, 예후 예측에서 중요한 지표가 되므로, 이에 대한 정확한 계측 및 평가는 임상적으로 매우 중요하다. 이에 신장 크기 측정 시 영향을 미치는 요인들을 나열하여, 신장크기 측정의 재현성과 객관성을 높여 보고자 하였다. $21{\sim}27$세의 대한민국 성인 44명을 대상으로 하였다. 8시간 이상 금식한 상태에서 피검자의 자세(position)와 프로브(probe)의 접근방향을 변화시키면서 양측 신장이 가장 크게 보이도록 측정하였다. 이후 물 $700{\sim}1,000\;cc$를 섭취하고 30분과 1시간 후에 같은 방법으로 각각 측정하여 신장크기를 비교하였다. 옆으로 누운 자세(lateral down decubitus)에서 측면주사(lateral approach scan) 시 좌, 우측 모두 신장의 평균길이가 가장 크게 측정되었으며, 측정 시 편차도 가장 크게 나타났다. 금식상태에서 우측 신장의 평균길이는 10.19 cm, 좌측 신장의 길이는 10.33 cm이었다. 수분 섭취 후 60분에서 우측 신장의 평균길이는 10.94 cm, 좌측 신장의 길이는 11.13 cm이었다. 금식 상태에서의 신장 평균길이와 수분섭취 후 60분에 길이를 비교하면, 우측신장의 길이는 7.3%, 좌측 7.7%로 크기가 증가하여 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다(P < 0.003). 초음파를 이용한 신장의 크기측정은 환자의 수분 섭취상태와 프로브의 접근 방향, 그리고 환자의 자세에 따라 달리 측정될 수 있다. 임상적으로 신장크기 측정이 특히 중요할 때는 수분의 섭취량과 섭취시간을 고려해야 하며, 환자의 자세와 프로브 접근방향을 기록-보관하여, 환자 추적 검사 시 이를 적용하는 것이 신장 길이 측정의 재현성을 높이는 방법이라 사료된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.260-268
• /
• 2016

Background: During the aging process, skin shows visible changes, characterized by a loss of elasticity and the appearance of wrinkles due to reduced collagen production and decreased elasticity of elastin fibers. Panax ginseng Meyer has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases due to its wide range of biological activities including skin protective effects. Ginsenosides are the main components responsible for the biological activities of ginseng. However, the protective activities of an enzymatic preparation of red ginseng against human skin aging have not been investigated. Methods: The efficacy of an enzyme-treated powder complex of red ginseng (BG11001) in preventing human skin aging was evaluated by oral administration to 78 randomized individuals. All patients were requested to take three daily capsules containing either 750 mg of BG11001 or a placebo vehicle for 24 wk; at the end of the testing period, skin roughness, elasticity, and skin water content were measured. Results: BG11001 significantly reduced the average roughness of eye wrinkles and the Global Photo Damage Score compared with the placebo, although there were no significant differences in arithmetic roughness average between the groups. In addition, gross elasticity and net elasticity values increased, and transepidermal water loss level decreased, indicating improved skin elasticity and moisture content. Conclusion: In conclusion, enzyme-treated red ginseng extract significantly improved eye wrinkle roughness, skin elasticity, and moisture content. Moreover, enzyme-treated red ginseng extract would be useful substance as a bio-health skin care product.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제42권4호
• /
• pp.367-375
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 락툴로스(lactulose) 51.67%와 갈락토올리고당(galactooligo saccharides) 15.8%로 이루어진 듀올리고(DuOligo)의 섭취를 통하여 피부개선 효능을 조사하였다. 40~60 대의 건강한 여성 37명을 대상으로 대조군(덱스트린)과 실험군(듀올리고군)으로 나누어 각각 8주 동안 섭취 후, 수분보유량, 경표피수 분손실량, 멜라닌지수, 홍반지수와 주름지수를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 듀올리고 섭취 8주 후의 수분 보유량은 대조군에 비하여 수분 보유량이 38.22% 유의적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.01). 대조군의 경피수분손실량은 8주후 $3.39g/h/m^2$로 감소한데 비하여 듀올리고군의 경피수분손실량은 8주후 $5.32g/h/m^2$ 감소하였다. 대조군의 멜라닌 지수는 시간에 따라 그 값이 유의적으로 증가하였으나, 듀올리고군의 멜라닌 지수는 시간에 따른 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 또한, 듀올리고군은 대조군에 비하여 주름의 총 넓이, 총 주름의 길이, 주름의 수 및 주름의 깊이가 확연하게 감소하였다(p < 0.05). 듀올리고의 피부개선 기능성 소재로서의 응용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권9호
• /
• pp.1265-1272
• /
• 2016

본 연구에서는 죽엽(솜대)의 항산화 성분을 조사하고 구강질환 세균에 대한 죽엽 추출물의 항균 활성을 검토하였다. 죽엽의 일반성분은 탄수화물 76.26%, 조회분 10.61%, 조단백질 5.10%, 수분 6.30%, 조지방 1.73%였고, 비타민 A 및 E의 함량에 비하여 비타민 C 함량은 월등히 높게 나타났다. 유기산 중 citric acid 함량이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고 다음으로 succinic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, formic acid 순으로 검출되었다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 각각 21.66 mg/g, 42.78 mg/g으로 나타났다. Streptococcus mutans에 대해 죽엽 추출물 0.04% 이상에서, Streptococcus sobrinus에 대해서는 0.16% 이상에서, Porphyromonas gingivalis와 Prevotella intermedia에 대해서는 0.02% 이상에서 강한 항균 활성이 인정되었다. S. mutans, S. sobrinus, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia는 죽엽추출물 0.32% 농도에서 각각 60시간까지 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과는 죽엽 에탄올 추출물이 구강질환을 유발하는 세균에 대하여 우수한 항균작용을 나타내고 있으며, 따라서 죽엽이 구강질환 예방에 긍정적인 효과가 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제35권4호
• /
• pp.483-497
• /
• 2014

Objectives: The aims of study were developing cut-off value of Yin-deficiency questionnaire (YDQ) for diagnosis of Yin-deficiency (YD) and compare diagnostic ability between YDQ and Yin-deficiency scale score (YDS) in xerostomia patients. Methods: We recruited 58 xerostomia patients. They were diagnosed YD or non-YD by 3 Korean medicine doctors (KMD). We assessed YD using YDQ and YDS. We evaluated xerostomia using VAS, Dry Mouth Symptom Questionnaire (DMSQ), Salivary Flow Rate (SFR), oral moisture on buccal mucosa and tongue surface (OMB and OMT). We surveyed tongue coatings using Winkel Tongue Coating Index (WTCI). Results: We diagnosed 23 patients YD and 35 patients non-YD. There were no significant differences of age, sex and body mass index between the YD and non-YD groups. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value of YDQ was defined as 304. Sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of YDQ were 86.96%, 71.43% and 1.5839 respectively. Using Cohen's coefficient of agreement, we found that degree of agreement between KMD and YDQ diagnosis was moderate (${\kappa}$=0.524, p<0.001). Using Pearson's correlation analysis, we found concurrent validity of YDQ and YDS were significant correlated. Using area under curve value, we found diagnostic ability between YDQ and YDS were not significantly different (p=0.505), but there were more strong correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDQ (r=0.731, p<0.001) than correlations between DMSQ-symptoms and YDS (r=0.418, p<0.01). Conclusions: The cut-off value of YDQ can diagnose YD in xerostomia and diagnostic ability of YDQ in xerostomia is better than YDS.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제28권6호
• /
• pp.542-548
• /
• 2020

Naturally derived diosmetin and its glycoside diosmin are known to be effective in treating inflammatory disease. This study was performed to determine whether diosmin and diosmetin have the effect of improving atopic dermatitis in a 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzen (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) model. DNCB was used to establish AD model in hairless mice. Skin moisture, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin 4 (IL-4), and histological analysis were performed to measure the effectiveness of diosmin and diosmetine to improve AD. IL-4 levels were also measured in RBL-2H3 cells. Administration of diosmetin or diosmin orally inhibited the progress of DNCB-induced AD-like lesions in murine models by inhibiting transdermal water loss (TEWL) and increasing skin hydration. Diosmetin or diosmin treatment also reduced IgE and IL-4 levels in AD-induced hairless mouse serum samples. However, in the in vitro assay, only diosmetin, not diosmin, reduced the expression level of IL-4 mRNA in RBL-2H3 cells. Diosmin and diosmetine alleviated the altered epidermal thickness and immune cell infiltration in AD. Diosmin is considered effective in the cure of AD and skin inflammatory diseases by being converted into diosmetin in the body by pharmacokinetic metabolism. Thus, oral administration of diosmetin and diosmin might be a useful agent for the treatment of AD and cutaneous inflammatory diseases.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.482-488
• /
• 2014

The study investigated the chemical composition, pH, and texture of salted jellyfish processed in Indonesia, Thailand, and China as a pilot study for processing the jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai, which occurs in Korean coastal waters. The 14 samples of salted jellyfish included processed umbrella and oral arms and consisted of 68.4-78.3 g/100 g moisture, 1.79-4.37 g/100 g crude protein, and 0.07-0.41 g/100 g crude lipid. The total amino acid content was 2.30-4.69 g/100 g and glycine accounted for 20.07-37.37% of the total amino acids. Salting jellyfish reduces the possibility of microbial growth and enhances the shelf life because the samples have a pH of 3.77-4.35, salinity of 18.53-24.02%, and lower water activity of 0.77-0.80. The lightness (L), redness (a), and yellowness (b) of the samples were 53.98-61.32, 1.76-6.26, and 14.08-29.0, respectively. The springiness, strength, and hardness of the salted jellyfish differed significantly among the products. The sample processed in Indonesia had the highest springiness. While the chemical composition, pH, water activity, and color differed significantly among the products, there were no significant effects of the country of manufacture. These results will enable the determination of quality index parameters for salted processed Nemopilema nomurai caught in Korean coastal.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.459-473
• /
• 2014

The recent mass appearances of jellyfish in Korea have caused economic and social damage, as they plague swimmers and fishermen. However, jellyfish have high economic and nutritional value, and contain low levels of calories and hydrolysates. Thus, jellyfish are a natural, healthy food that can improve high blood pressure, bronchitis, and a multitude of other diseases. Here, we present research on the ecology, classification, bloom, damage caused, food component characterization, and tissues of jellyfish, with the aim of facilitating further study. Research on use of jellyfish as salted products, and for collagen and qniumucin would also be valuable. A jellyfish body is classified into three parts: the body, termed the umbrella; the oral arm; and the tentacle. Jellyfish are planktonic marine members of a group of invertebrate animals comprising the classes Schypozoa (phylum Cnidaria) and Cuboza. In Korea in 2012, jellyfish damage resulted in decreases of annual catch and commercial value estimated at 177 and 141 billion won, respectively. Because concentrations of heavy metals are below the safety limits for seafood, dried jellyfish appear to be safe raw materials for food. The proximate compositions of Nemopilema nomurai and Aurelia aurita were 97.1% and 96.5% moisture, 0.9% and 1.2% crude proteins, undetected and 0.1% crude lipids, and 1.7% and 1.8% ash, respectively. According to their total contents of essential, total, and non-essential amino acids, jellyfish gonads were deemed good-quality protein. Because the major functional components of jellyfish are collagen and qniumucin, jellyfish can be used salted, or these components of healthy diets can be extracted from them. For more effective use of jellyfish, unit costs should be decreased and safety guaranteed. Additionally, dehydrators attached to conveyor belts should be developed. Since jellyfish can be used throughout the year, they should be listed in the Korean Food Standards Codex as a food source.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.20-30
• /
• 1990

In order to investigate the mechanism of the formation of clothing microclimate with different blouse designs and materials, physiological and subjective sensational changes were measured. Experimental clothing were four types of blouse made of $100\%$ cotton, $100\%$ regular polyes­ter, and $100\%$ hygroscopic polyester. Four types of box style blouse were with stand collar and long sleeve, with stand collar and sleeveless, with long sleeve and collarless, and sleeveless and collarless. Five healthy female were chosen as subjects. Experiments were carried out in the environ­mental chamber controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ , $70{\pm}5\%$ RH. and still-air condition for SO min. The skin temperature (9 spots), oral temperature, humidity inside chest, and subjective sensations were measured. Obtained results are: I) Material which is capable of absorbing sweat effectively and transfering moisture rapidly made a comfortable feeling, because cloth­ing humidity is increasing slowly at this material. 2) During exercise period, covered arms have more influenced on thermal comfort than a covered neck.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.253-257
• /
• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the surface microhardness of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) samples having different thicknesses and exposed to human blood from one side and with or without a moist cotton pellet on the other side. Materials and Methods: Ninety cylindrical molds with three heights of 2, 4, and 6 mm were fabricated. In group 1 (dry condition), molds with heights of 2, 4, and 6 mm (10 molds of each) were filled with ProRoot MTA (Dentsply Tulsa Dental), and the upper surface of the material was not exposed to any additional moisture. In groups 2 and 3, a distilled water- or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-moistened cotton pellet was placed on the upper side of MTA, respectively. The lower side of the molds in all the groups was in contact with human blood-wetted foams. After 4 day, the Vickers microhardness of the upper surface of MTA was measured. Results: In the dry condition, the 4 and 6 mm-thick MTA samples showed significantly lower microhardness than the 2 mm-thick samples (p = 0.003 and p = 0.001, respectively). However, when a distilled water- or PBS-moistened cotton pellet was placed over the MTA, no significant difference was found between the surface microhardness of samples having the abovementioned three thicknesses of the material (p = 0.210 and p = 0.112, respectively). Conclusions: It could be concluded that a moist cotton pellet must be placed over the 4 to 6 mm-thick MTA for better hydration of the material. However, this might not be necessary when 2 mm-thick MTA is used.