• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1984

The economical property of a shipping enterprise, as well as other transportation industries, is determined by the difference between the freight earned and expense paid. This study can be regarded as a division of optimizing ship allocation to routes under the integrated port transport system. Fleet planning and scheduling require complicated allocations of cargoes to ships and ships to routes in order to optimize the given criterion function for a given forecast period. This paper deals with the optimum ship allocation problem minimizing the operating cost of ships in a shipping company. Optimum fleet operating for a shipping enterprise is very important, since the marine transportation is a form of large quantity transport requiring long-term period, and there is a strong possibility to bring about large amount of loss in operation resulting from a faulty ship allocation. Where there are more than one loading and discharging ports, and a variety of ship's ability in speed, capacity, operating cost etc., and when the amount of commodities to be transported between the ports has been determined, then the ship's schedule minimizing the operating cost while satisfying the transport demand within the predetermined period will be made up. First of all a formula of ship allocation problems will be established and then will be constructed to solve an example by the Integer Programming application after consideration of the ship's ability, supply and demand of commodity, amount of commodity to be transported, operating costs of each ship etc. This study will give good information on deciding intention for a ship oprator or owner to meet the computerization current with shiping management.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.772-779
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• 2008

The antioxidative effect of doenjang (fermented soybean paste) and onion added in the seasoned pork, bulgogi was evaluated and the optimum mixture ratio of ingredients in seasoning sauce has been established using mixture experimental design (MED). When the seasoned pork, bulgogi was prepared with soy sauce 12% (control), doenjang 9% (in replacement of soy sauce 9%) added group (DG), and doenjang 9% and onion 33.4% (in replacement of water 33.4%) added group (DOG), and stored at $-25^{\circ}C$ for 6 months, the peroxide value (POV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of control, DO, and DOG were all lower than that of control from the initial stage of storage. The antioxidative effect of seasoned pork was found to increase with the replacement of doenjang in seasoning sauce for pork bulgogi. Moreover, antioxidative effects in DOG increased more synergistically. Therefore, the lipid oxidation stability of pork bulgogi was improved by the addition of doenjang and onion onto the seasoning sauce. The optimum mixture ratio of seasoning sauce for pork bulgogi followed up by the MED was found to be doenjang 7.10%, soy sauce 9.46%, onion 19.72%, and water 42.58% with excellent sensory quality.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.578-587
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• 2000

The purpose of the present study was to design and prepare the optimum formulation for the oral administration of titrated extract of the unsaponifiable fraction of Zea mays L. (ETIZM). For this purpose, we simulated the blood concentration of ETIZM after its oral administration, changing the dissolution rate constants $(0.05{\sim}20\;hr^{-1})$. In vivo parameters, such as absorption rate constant $(k_a)$, elimination rate constant (k) and volume of distribution (Vd), were incorporated in the simulation on the basis of the experiments and literatures. When the dissolution rate constant $(k_r)$ is over $5\;hr^{-1}$, the absorption process appears to be the rate limiting step for the transport of ETIZM from the G.I. ract to the blood circulation. While less than $5\;hr^{-1}$, the dissolution rate considered to be the rate limiting step. Moreover, the optimum blood concentration was shown in the range from 1 to $5\;hr^{-1}$ of $k_r$ in the simulation. To design and prepare the tablets on the basis of the above results, 7 formula containing HPMC, PEG 4000 and PEG 6000 (1-5%, respectively) were prepared and evaluated. The tablets containing PEG 4000 (1%), PEG 6000 (1%) or PEG 4000 (5%) satisfy the optimum $k_r$ range ($1-5\;hr^{-1}$). These formulations, therefore, will be able to show the more effective blood concentration, compared with the commercial products after the oral administration.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop a convenient brown sauce product with long shelf life that has similar taste and quality characteristics with sauce used in restaurants. Response surface analysis was carried out to optimize brown sauce. Extracted brown sauce powder was subjected to hot air drying, infrared drying, freeze drying, and spray drying to determine the appropriate drying method for brown sauce manufacturing. The optimum extraction conditions were set by superimposing and reading each reaction surface that satisfied all of the sensory characteristics such as color, smell, taste, concentration, and overall preference level in order to set the optimum conditions for brown sauce production. The optimum extraction conditions for brown sauce were determined to be heating time 30 min, gelatin addition quantity 9.00%, and tomato paste addition quantity 11.25%. Reliability test showed a similar value to the predicted scope when compared to the experimental value obtained under the same conditions as the predicted value according to RSM (response surface methodology), enabling verification of the derived regression formula. Product powder of ideal brown sauce by heating, infrared radiation, freezing, and spray drying and investigate result for functional tests of color, flavor, taste, viscosity, overall acceptability and show highly acceptability on powder by infrared rays and freeze-drying methods. Especially, infrared radiation method resulted in favorable color and flavor values while freeze-drying method produced good taste and viscosity values and high overall acceptability. Therefore, infrared radiation drying method and freeze-drying method to product powder.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2006

The demand of the bulk emulsion explosives is being increased more and more by using the mechanization loading system in a domestic tunnel sites. Thus, a rational design criteria that is suitable for rock and circumstance condition has been required. In this study, authors investigated a optimum specific charging weight and resonable charging weight based on domestic blasting construction cases, which were performed by using a mechanization bulk emulsion explosives loading system up to now. Authors also analyzed the blasting results and got the following formula $({\Upsilon}= 0.669 + (0.0154{\times}RMR),\;r=0.81)$ from the relationship between a optimum specific charging weight of bulk exp. and rock mass rating. A range of resonable charging weight with a drilling depth is calculated considering a rock conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.107-113
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• 2014

In this paper, a optimum degaussing technique, which can minimize an underwater magnetic field anomaly generated by the ferromagnetic hull, was verified through the mock-up test of a ship. To predict degaussing field signals due to the degaussing coils installed in a ship, individual coil effects were measured. Exploiting the linearity of coil effects and analytical sensitivity formula, optimum degaussing current values fed to individual coils were decided. To identify degaussing performance of the proposed method, the obtained degaussing currents were applied to the coils. Then the field anomaly signals were measured and analyzed before and after degaussing. Experimental results show the magnitude of the field signal after degaussing is reduced up to 95% of that before degaussing.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to calculate the total daily nursing workload and the optimum number of nurses per intensive care unit (ICU) based on the nursing intensity and the direct nursing time per inpatient using the patient classification. Methods: Two ICUs at one general hospital were investigated. To calculate the nursing intensity, patient classification according to the nursing needs was conducted for 10 days in each unit during September 2018. We performed patient classifications for a total of 167 patient-days in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) and 86 patient-days in the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). The total number of person-days for nurses who responded to the Nursing Time survey was 151 for MICU and 85 for SICU. In each unit, direct and non-direct nursing hours, nursing intensity score, and direct nursing hours were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, and average calculated using Microsoft Excel. The amount of nursing workload and the optimum number of nurses were calculated according to the formula developed by the authors. Findings: For the MICU, the average direct nursing time per patient was 5.59 hours for Group 1, 6.98 hours for Group 2, and 9.28 hours for Group 3. For the SICU, the average direct nursing time per patient was 5.43 hours for Group 1, 7.21 hours for Group 2, 9.75 hours for Group 3, and 12.82 hours for Group 4. Practical Implications: This study confirmed that the appropriate number of nurses was not secured in the nursing unit of this study, and that leisure time such as meal time during nursing work hours was not properly guaranteed. The findings suggest that to create working environments where nurses can serve for extended periods of time without compromising their professional standards, hospitals should secure an appropriate number of nurses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.10-16
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify relationships between a central angle and a radius of curvature of divided roads in flat terrain of traditional villages, suggesting layout criteria for traditional villages: Nak-an, Sung-Eup, Ha-Whe. This study is sought to find the optimum model through the various SAS regression analyses. a regression analysis of this data was adopted to induce the relationship formula between a central angle of curve and a radius of curvature. Results of this study are as follows: 1) Most of the divided roads in traditional villages have a complex curve rather than a simple curve. 2) A central angle of curve has ranged from 11$^{\circ}$to 127$^{\circ}$, with a mean degree of 63.9. 3) In the lower level of central angle(11-40$^{\circ}$), the branch roads have distributed with a high frequency, but with a low frequency in the higher level of central angle(90-140$^{\circ}$). 4) A radius of curvature in the divided roads has ranged from 0.9m to 59.6, but half of the roads have concentrated on 1-6m of the curvature. 5) Compared to the result of hilly villages in previous study(Ahn, 1999), value of central angels in flat villages is lower than that of hilly villages, while a mean value of the curvature is higher than that of hilly villages. 6) A Non-linear regression analysis, resulting from the SAS application, was useful method to induce a relationship formula between a central angle and a radius of curvature in the branch roads. Our study's formula is as follow: R=100.3*EXP(-0.06*$\delta$)+3.91. 7) Our study model has less error than that of the Kishizuka's method, being applicable to a broader range of the branch roads. 8) A minimum radius of curvature in our study has showed 3.9m, suggesting to reconsider applications of the Kishizuka's(5.8m) in the footpass design, In the study for this presupposition model the efficiency and utility of it can be estimated to grow large according to how much and how far it includes both extremes of data. This study is for the application to a design in future through the numerical formula of divided roads of various traditional villages. The studies from now on will be about the quasi-hilly quasi-hilly village and hilly village supplementing these factors more.

• 전기의세계
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.70-74
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• 1976

In this paper, the problem of controlling deterministic contimuous linear system with a slightly modified quadratic performance criteria is studied. When the number of out put variables is much lesser then that of state variables, either the controller becomes complex or the performance measure becomes much higher with only output feedback. So the design philosphy treated in this paper lies in finding a compromising point between the controller complexity and the performance measure. thd controller is composed of stasic plus dynamic compensator with order equal to the mtmber of output variables. Several unknowns are unknown parameters are bundled into one, and using Pontryagin's minimum principle, conditions and formula for optimum control are induced which are different from that of Kalman optimal regulator.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.259-265
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• 2004

No matter how well the equally spaced grounding grid is designed, there are questions keep rising, such as leakage of current from comer conductor, high voltage of touch voltage in corners of grid than in center, and high material cost for grounding grid. The best-fitted design for unequally spaced grounding grid is a part that must be considered. Explain advantages of unequally spaced grounding grid and lead formula by dividing the number of grid division, j, into 20, instead of 7. Then present $D_{ij}$, which is optimum rate for unequally spaced grounding grid and verify safety and economy of the unequally spaced grounding grid by computer simulation with a poly-nominal function form.