• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제28권10호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2014

This paper is basic study for development of an advanced photoelectric type smoke detector that has high reliability by reducing the occurrence of nuisance alarms. This paper was attempted to distinguish optical characteristics of the typical fire smoke particle and non-fire smoke particle. According to UL 268 standards, three types of test fires (the paper, the wood and the flammable liquid) were used in this paper for measurement of the fire smoke particles, and the water vapor and the cigarette smoke that were known as the main cause of the nuisance alarms were also used for the non-fire smoke particles. A smoke detection chamber was created, which was equipped with one light source and several light sensors for enabling simultaneous detection of light extinction and scattering, respectively. This paper analyzes the optical characteristics of each smoke particle using this chamber.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.64-70
• /
• 2014

신경망은 연기입자의 광학적 특징으로부터 화원을 분석할 수 있는 유용한 도구가 될 수 있다. UL268에서 연기감지기 시험에 사용되는 세 가지 화원(종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원)들의 광학적 특징으로 신경망을 훈련시켰다. 또한, 소광과 산란을 동시에 측정할 수 있는 연기챔버를 제작하여 연기의 광학적 특징을 얻고 그 결과를 신경망에 입력하였다. 종이화원, 목재화원, 인화성 액체화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서 신경망은 화원을 정확하게 구별하였다. 또한, 종이-목재화원, 종이-인화성 액체화원, 목재-인화성 액체화원과 같은 복합화원을 대상으로 한 실험에서도 화원을 모두 구별하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국화재소방학회 2008년도 추계학술논문발표회 논문집
• /
• pp.450-455
• /
• 2008

We have carried out the test using the cone calorimeter and the smoke density chamber to evaluate the characteristics of the combustion for the car interior materials passed horizontal burning test. We have analysed many parameters related to fire hazard. These parameters are the ignition time, the heat release rate, the maximum average rate of heat emission, the flashover propensity and specific optical density. There was a significant difference in HRR and optical smoke density. The HRR was $185{\sim}446kW/m^2$ and optical smoke density was $119{\sim}1207$. Only horizontal burning test was performed to evaluate the fire hazard for the car interior materials.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2011

본 연구에서는 최근 조경 및 건축자재로서 각광받고 있는 합성목재의 화재위험성을 알아보기 위하여 콘칼로리미터 실험과 연기밀도 실험 장치를 이용하여 연기밀도 특성을 살펴보았다. 일반목재인 적송과 방부처리를 한 방부목에 대하여도 동일한 실험을 통하여 합성목재와의 연기밀도 특성을 비교하였다. 콘칼로리미터 실험결과 CO 및 $CO_2$ 발생량과 총 연기 발생량 값은 적송 및 방부목에 비해 합성목재가 높게 나타났다. 또한 연기밀도 실험 장치를 통한 최대연기밀도(Dm) 결과에서도 합성목재가 적송 및 방부목에 비해 높게 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.15-20
• /
• 2018

In this study, we have performed the Cone Calorimeter test and Smoke density test in accordance with ISO 5660-1 and ASTM E662 respectively to check the smoke production characteristics of rubber flooring materials for railway vehicle. Early in the ASTM E662 test, more smoke was produced in the flame mode test than non-flame mode test, but later more smoke was produced in non-flame mode test. The correlation($R^2$) between TSR(Total Smoke Release) by ISO 5660-1 and Ds(Specific Optical Density) by ASTM E662 Flame mode was 0.782. The $R^2$ between TSR by ISO 5660-1 and Ds by ASTM E662 Non-flame was 0.930.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.14 No.1
• /
• pp.251-254
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we analyzed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC 600[V] wire. Messurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflaming pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds genalated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of $2.5{\pm}0.04[w/cm^{2}]$ for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 25.2 to 37.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomplete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전기전자재료학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.251-254
• /
• 2001

In this paper, we analysed the properties change of electric wire when the thermal stress was applied to NFR-8 and FR-PVC [600] wire. Measurement is made of the attenuation of a light beam by smoke accumulating with in a closed chamber due to nonflamining pyrolytic decomposition and flaming combustion. Results are expressed in terms of specific optical density which is derived from a geometrical factor and the measured optical density a measurement characteristic of the concentration of smoke. Referenced documents were ASTM E662 standard test method for specific Ds generated by solid materials. The furnace control system shall maintain the required irradiance level under steady-state condition with the chamber door closed of 2.5${\pm}$0.04[w/$\textrm{cm}^2$] for 20 min. According to the results of the smoke density analysis of NFR-8 and FR-PVC the highest decomposition flaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 7.2 to 77.5 and 51.1 respectively. Nonflaming smoke density range of NFR-8 and FR-PVC were 100.4 to 112.2 and 126.5 to 398.8. The amount of carbon monoxide generated was found to be much higher in FR-PVC decomposition than in NFR-8 due to incomp1ete combustion of FR-PVC which has high content of carbon in compound.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.37-42
• /
• 2016

바이오디젤(Soy Methyl Ester, B100)과 디젤(Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel, ULSD)의 연소과정에서 발생되는 연기입자의 무차원 광소멸계수를 측정하였다. 무차원 광소멸계수는 633 nm의 He-Ne 레이저를 이용하여 광학적 방법으로 측정된 연기입자의 체적분율과 중력식 필터법에 의해 채집된 연기입자의 체적분율을 비교하여 결정하였다. 633 nm 대역에서 측정된 평균 무차원 광소멸계수는 각각 바이오디젤의 연기입자가 11.8, 디젤 연기입자가 11.1으로 측정 불확도 범위(${\pm}10.1%$) 내에서 거의 유사하였다. 다만, 라만 spectrum 분석결과를 통해 각 연료에서 발생된 연기입자 간의 광소멸(광흡수/광산란) 특성은 서로 상이할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제34권4호
• /
• pp.421-425
• /
• 2023

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 그리고 polyacetal을 포함하는 일부 플라스틱류에 대한 연기특성을 조사하였다. 연기밀도는 ISO 5659-2의 기준에 의해 연기밀도시험기를 이용하여 정적인 연기 특성의 관련 값을 측정하였다. 또한 불꽃을 동반하는 연소와 불꽃을 동반하지 않는 연소를 구분하여 측정하였다. 불꽃방식의 복사열 50 kW/m² 의 조건하에서 연기의 최대비광학밀도(D_m) 측정값은 PMMA (401.26)가 최저로, PVC (1345.04)가 최대로 나타났다. 또한 비불꽃방식의 복사열 50 kW/m² 의 조건하에서 연기의 D_m 측정값은 PMMA (262.82) 가 최저로, PVC (1385.43)가 최대로 나타났다. 대상물의 연소 시 연기발생은 복사열 유속의 영향을 상당히 받으며, 탄화성 플라스틱은 연소 시 비탄화성 플라스틱보다 높은 연기 발생량을 나타내었다. 주 고분자 사슬에 방향족 그룹이 있는 폴리머는 열분해로 인해 다량의 숯이 생성되므로 다량의 연기를 발생시켰다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.477-482
• /
• 2004

New materials are being considered for insulator of railroad vehicles. Because people want more environmental material than glass fiber, there are certain needs of finding safe and economical insulating material. We checked the flammability of some kinds insulators such as PE foam, neoprene rubber foam. melamine foam and glass fiber. You could find out the characteristics such as oxygen index. optical smoke density, toxicity index of that insulators.