• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• no.122
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• pp.1-23
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• 2018

In the final argument for the immortality of the soul in the Phaedo, Socrates establishes a new type of cause which he describes as 'more sophisticated' and on the basis of it attempts to show that the soul is immortal. In the process, he introduces three examples for the cause, i.e. three, fire, and snow. But there has been considerable controversy over the ontological status of the three and the soul. Some scholars think that they are all forms; others believe that neither of them is. In this paper I argue that in fact one of them is a form, while the others are not. I also argue that the fact that they do not have the same ontological status and the uncertainty in the nature of the soul itself weaken the cogency of the final argument as a whole.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.167-201
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• 2010

This paper aims to scrutinize the possibility of mereology as philosophically satisfiable metalogic. Motivation for this is straightforward. As I see, a traditional approach to metalogic presented in the name of mathematical logic posits the existence of mathematical entities such as sets, functions, models, etc. to give definitions of logical concepts like logical consequence. As a result, whenever logic is used in any individual sciences, this set-theoretical metalogic cannot but add these mathematical entities to the domain of them. This fact makes this approach contradict to the ontological conservativeness of logic. Mereology, however, has been alleged to be ontologically innocent, while it is a formal system very similar to set theory. So it may well be that some people thought of mereology as a good substitute for set theoretic metalanguage and concepts for ontologically neutral metalogic. Unfortunately, when we look into argument for the ontological innocence of mereology, we can find that mereological entities such as mereological sums or fusions are not ontologically neutral. Thus we can conclude that mereological approach to metalogic is not promising at all.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.141
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• pp.1-42
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• 2017

This paper's purpose is to seek to grasp how Descartes demonstrates proofs of God's existence on the basis of his works especially Meditations. To consider these points, I shall explore first, second, third proofs that are present in his works, and contents related to God. Descartes argues that there is idea of God within me, but it is God, which is first proof. On the basis of this fact, Descartes shows only God is the cause of thinking self who has idea of God(second proof), both of them are called Cosmological argument. To investigate this, at first he states that representative reality that is different from formal reality sets a kind of hierarchy, the degree of this reality is equally applied to cause and effect, consequently to the cause of my idea or existence(God). From Meditation V, third proof which is called Ontological argument, Descartes examined a supremely perfect God can't be separated from God's existence(perfection) just as surly as the certainty of any shape or number, for example triangle, namely it is quite evident that God's existence includes his essence. Through these processes I shall examine following points: the way of having Descartes' proofs of God's existence itself is not only exposed, God's existence who guarantees cogito ergo sum which is never doubted, despite doubting all things that is outside, is but also postulated; Proofs for the existence of God are an ultimate source of ensuring the clear and distinct perception of human reason, Descartes uses reason suitable for non-christians instead of faith suitable for Christians for these methods, which are similarities with the traditional views on the one hand, but nevertheless there are some of discontinuities establishing authority or power of the first philosophical principle to which God is subjected, on the other.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.2 s.15
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• pp.127-140
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• 1998

It seems obvious to the contemporary eye that modern technology has finally brought chaotic abundance to the present world, and provided a superficial civilization over the last century. Nevertheless, such an argument about the external phenomena of present culture does not help constitute the right track of modern technology and architecture. Rather, this discussion comes to re-signify the importance of critical metaphysics as a part of man's cultural activities, especially the ontological meaning of them. In this point, the research is intended both to re-certify the essential nature and mythic value of technology through reviewing the ancient and modern philosophical contemplations, and to examine its architectural condition against the rapid expansion of commercial material-culture.

• Korean Journal of Logic
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-26
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• 2011

This essay attempts to evaluate the pessimistic induction within the case of the historical development of space-time theories, which are claimed to undergo a radical ontological change providing evidence for the pessimistic induction. In my view, this claim misleads us to see the discontinuity of the structure of classical and relativistic space-time by means of a doubtful interpretation of space-time theories, which holds that space-time causally explains the phenomena of motions.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.51
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• pp.307-336
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• 2017

The present study aims at encouraging discussion on research paradigms as well as research methodologies of records and archives studies. Reviewing research paradigms, defined by Guba and Lincoln based on basic beliefs, leads to the suggestion that the discipline needs to reach to a certain degree of consensus on ontological, epistemological, and methodological premises in order to inform and guide future research. To make the argument, the present study reviews all research papers published in two major journals: the Korean Journal of Archival Studies and Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management, from 2007 to 2016. It then identifies 80 research papers from positivistic research and reviews 32 papers, which collected data through surveys and experiments.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.105-117
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• 2004

As the organization has been coming to specialization and systematization, meetings have been holding for communication among members and deduction of rational outcome. Also process of meeting procedure has been developing. Those on-line meetings are getting grown because the on-line meetings with messenger and chatting are the best examples for overcoming space limitation problem. But, the on-line meetings have unavoidable weak points. The more a meeting is processed, the more point of argument is out of focus and perception of current situation is reduced. Therefore, this thesis proposes and describe that in introduction, think that pre-defined things, analysis and direction of Ontology, in body, draw up a plan how to make ontology to knowledge, and, how to get out of bounds limitation that as make ontology to knowledge. And, design and implementation actual system that organize this ontological Knowledge, and then managing and summarizing visualizing them. Also, in conclusion, after remark and consider this system in which using the ontology based on XML, and proposes conculsion and directional development point.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.767-770
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• 2005

The recently many corporations are using Decision Support System, such as on-line meetings. Those on-line meetings are getting grown .Because the on-line meetings with messenger and chatting are the best examples for overcoming space But, the on-line meetings have unavoidable weak points. The more a meeting is processed, the more point of argument is out of focus and perception of current situation is reduced. Therefore, this thesis proposes and describe that in think that pre-defined things , analysis and direction of Ontology ,then draw up a plan how to make ontology to knowledge, and, how to get out of bounds limitation that as make ontology to knowledge. And, design and implementation actual system that organize this ontological Knowledge, and then managing and summarizing visualizing them. Last after remark and consider this system in which using the ontology based on XML, and proposes conclusion and directional development point.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.130
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• pp.247-276
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper is to explore how Zhang Zai(張載)''s Gi-Hak(氣學) and Wang Shou-Ren(王守仁)''s Sim-Hak(心學) are interrelated, which differs from prior positions viewing the two as separate, unrelated philosophies or ones standing in contrast to each other. By direct comparing the notions Tae-Heo(太虛) and Yang-Ji(良知), I tried to explain that ontological structures of Gi-Hak and Sim-Hak are interrelated ; and by comparing Dae-Sim(大心) and Chi-Yang-Ji(致良知), I made an argument that Gong-Bu-Ron(工夫論) of Gi-Hak and Sim-Hak corresponds to each other. Zhang Zai''s the doctrine of Tae-Heo can be seen as a respond to Jeok-Myeol-Ron(寂滅論) in Buddhism ; therefore, understanding Sim-Hak in terms of Gi-Hak, that is, interpreting the fundamental meaning of Yang-Ji as Tae-Heo, can free Yang-Myeong-Sim-Hak(陽明心學) from the unceasing criticism by Ju-Ja-Hak(朱子學) that it is a 'Buddhistic heresy'. This study could be highly significant in that it enables us to read the tradition of Zhang Zai not only from the viewpoint of u-Ja-Hak, but even from ang-Myeong-Sim-Hak tradition. I interpreted Yangming School of Mind as a developmental succession of Neo-Confucianism, and understood Zhang Zai''s Gi-Hak as a theoretical pioneer of Wang Shou-Ren''s Sim-Hak.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.27-53
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• 2012

American superhero comics are being produced in numerous different forms for multiple, and cross-platform media. In cinema, films based on superhero comics top the list of all time box office records. The same phenomenon of the 'Invasion of Superhero' is duplicated in Korean box office 2012, however, the korean fans are not familiar with the superheroes from the publication which provides the original source of characters and stories for other superhero related media products. Based on observing the multiple and vastness of world building characteristics of superhero comic, this paper attempts to associate the continuous creative nature and the infinite repetition of superheroes and comic texts with the identity of superhero on ontological level. First, chapter 2 examines how one superhero exists in multiple and different worlds individually by utilizing the concept of 'multi-universe' or 'multiverse' in comic texts. Initially, duplicating a superhero on multiple settings and series destroyed continuity and allowed contradiction and paradox confused narrative as a whole, but it also gave chances for comics to be more vibrant and experimental with their stories and characters. Chapter 3 analyzes the superhero comic texts in the light of repetition, concept developed by french philosopher Gilles Deleuze, and make the argument that the superheroes and texts are not repeated to generate surplus of source for economic utilitarian purposes, but it is, first and foremost, a repetition of creativeness and capability. Many concepts introduced by Deleuze in his early masterpiece, $\acute{e}$rence et R$\acute{e}$p$\acute{e}$tition> are taken to support this argument. Mainly, his critical views on generality of the identity and his effort to replace the Plato's system of representation with vibrant creative, and renewal energy of r$\acute{e}$p$\acute{e}$tition. According to Deleuze, repetition is similar concept, if not identical, to what Nietzsche called the 'eternal return' which allows the return of the Overhuman or the Superhuman, and he extends his idea that the returning Overhuman is the singular simulacre which opposes the generalization of identity, in the likes of Plato's Idea. Thus, the superhero's identity is ever changing, ever returning, and ever renewing Overhuman. The superhero must be repeated to fully actualize his/her existence. Also, based on Deleuze's reading of Bergson's texts on the Virtual, the superhero, for example Superman, is actualization of his/her multiplisit$\acute{e}$, the internally multiple, and differentiated variations from itself. These every Supermans' multiplisit$\acute{e}$ shares common memory, past, and duration, thus the Virtual of Superman. Superman becomes himself only by actualizing the movement and differentiation from these multiplisit$\acute{e}$ in his virtual on the surface of reality. On chapter 4, a popular Korean comic book character Oh, Hae-Sung's r$\acute{e}$p$\acute{e}$tition and multiplist$\acute{e}$ are analyzed, and makes comparison to that of Superman to distinguish the repetition from r$\acute{e}$p$\acute{e}$tition, and multiplicit$\acute{e}$ from diversity.