• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2011

The core service of most research portal sites is providing relevant research papers to various researchers that match their research interests. This kind of service may only be effective and easy to use when a user can provide correct and concrete information about a paper such as the title, authors, and keywords. However, unfortunately, most users of this service are not acquainted with concrete bibliographic information. It implies that most users inevitably experience repeated trial and error attempts of keyword-based search. Especially, retrieving a relevant research paper is more difficult when a user is novice in the research domain and does not know appropriate keywords. In this case, a user should perform iterative searches as follows : i) perform an initial search with an arbitrary keyword, ii) acquire related keywords from the retrieved papers, and iii) perform another search again with the acquired keywords. This usage pattern implies that the level of service quality and user satisfaction of a portal site are strongly affected by the level of keyword management and searching mechanism. To overcome this kind of inefficiency, some leading research portal sites adopt the association rule mining-based keyword recommendation service that is similar to the product recommendation of online shopping malls. However, keyword recommendation only based on association analysis has limitation that it can show only a simple and direct relationship between two keywords. In other words, the association analysis itself is unable to present the complex relationships among many keywords in some adjacent research areas. To overcome this limitation, we propose the hybrid approach for establishing association network among keywords used in research papers. The keyword association network can be established by the following phases : i) a set of keywords specified in a certain paper are regarded as co-purchased items, ii) perform association analysis for the keywords and extract frequent patterns of keywords that satisfy predefined thresholds of confidence, support, and lift, and iii) schematize the frequent keyword patterns as a network to show the core keywords of each research area and connecting keywords among two or more research areas. To estimate the practical application of our approach, we performed a simple experiment with 600 keywords. The keywords are extracted from 131 research papers published in five prominent Korean journals in 2009. In the experiment, we used the SAS Enterprise Miner for association analysis and the R software for social network analysis. As the final outcome, we presented a network diagram and a cluster dendrogram for the keyword association network. We summarized the results in Section 4 of this paper. The main contribution of our proposed approach can be found in the following aspects : i) the keyword network can provide an initial roadmap of a research area to researchers who are novice in the domain, ii) a researcher can grasp the distribution of many keywords neighboring to a certain keyword, and iii) researchers can get some idea for converging different research areas by observing connecting keywords in the keyword association network. Further studies should include the following. First, the current version of our approach does not implement a standard meta-dictionary. For practical use, homonyms, synonyms, and multilingual problems should be resolved with a standard meta-dictionary. Additionally, more clear guidelines for clustering research areas and defining core and connecting keywords should be provided. Finally, intensive experiments not only on Korean research papers but also on international papers should be performed in further studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.80-91
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• 2017

This study identifies factors of Hanbok-trippers - a term for people who dress in Hanbok(Korean traditional costume) while going on a trip - who converge on Gyeongbokgung Palace by determining the characteristics of class, places to visit and preferred places. This study interprets the voluntary hobby activities of Hanbok-trippers from a viewpoint of a landscape prosumer and the meaning of the urban landscape. As a result of in-depth interviews, on-site survey, and observation surveys focused on Hanbok-trippers, there were various levels of participants. They are classified into three groups - leading group, entry group, temporary-experience group - according to their cognitions, types of Hanbok use, activities, etc. The leading group and entry group are a voluntary hobbyist class due to the ongoing tendencies of their participation. There are differences in the purpose and factors of visiting Gyeongbokgung Palace as a place for a Hanbok-trip. The leading group visited Gyeongbokgung Palace for cultural activities, regular get-together, public relations, and as a gathering place to go neighboring destinations. In this case, the main factors of the visit are the traditional landscape, convenient transportation, chances for traditional culture exhibitions and events in Gyeongbokgung Palace and its neighborhood. The entry group visits Gyeongbokgung Palace because of its traditional landscape and cultural activities nearby. The traditional landscape and many Hanbok-trippers are main factors of visiting Gyeongbokgung Palace for the Temporary-experience group. This study found that Gyeongbokgung Palace has a new sense of place of 'Introductory course of Hanbok-trip', 'Hanbok Playground' because temporary-experience group visits there to experience a Hanbok-trip for the first time. Hanbok-trippers consume places and landscape in actual places offline, producing a new landscape at the same time, and has the characteristics of a 'landscape prosumer' by producing landscape images online through their own personal or social media. Their colorful and voluntary movements contribute to the dynamism of the urban landscape and can become a new cultural asset for the city. The voluntary hobbyist class can be considered a new type of participants in bottom-up planning such as urban regeneration and place marketing. This study has significance in that it conceptualized the 'landscape prosumer' through the voluntary hobbyist class of Hanbok-trippers with the concept of the 'prosumer' that has been studied only in the consumer studies and marketing fields, and has identified the significance of the urban landscape.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.113-145
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• 2008

Marketing for the distribution industry is making an ongoing progress in the changes of customers, the competitive environment, and the internal marketing environment. Integrated marketing communication activities are required for the enhancement of efficiency in the market.oriented activities. In this study, IMC is defined as "a notion that a market oriented business integrated marketing communication means, conducting and evaluating marketing activities with consistent messages in order to communicate with customers based on databases." In this study, an IMC planning model for the improvement of marketing efficiency in the distribution industry was derived from a pilot study. This model may be broken down into the following phases: IMC goals setting, situational analysis (customer analysis, competition analysis and company analysis), customer data analysis, contact management, budgeting, the establishment of an IMC strategy, the IMC mix and execution, an evaluation system, and feedback. In consideration of the characteristics of the distribution industry, this study was accompanied by a vocational study on IMC means employed by, in particular, department stores and other distributors such as: advertising, sales promotion, sales promotion advertising, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling, the Internet, mobile, visual merchandising, words of mouth. In addition, this study also covered the correlation among variables such as IMC activities of distributors, the process of forming customer's brand attitudes, brand loyalty and repurchase intention. This research would enhance the utilization of IMC. The analysis on customer's brand attitudes toward the IMC activities of distributors requires the simultaneous consideration of how they are linked to purchase as well as their attitudes toward both distributors and stores. The formation of brand loyalty and repurchase intention is related to the integration of marketing communication and the maintenance of consistency in contents, which requires integrated brand communication (IBC) strategies. IBC is a concept of using IMC means to manage the brand in a continuing and consistent manner and measuring their effect, which is a process to establish enterprise.level brand identity and maximize brand loyalty and repurchase intention by integrating IMC means. For an empirical analysis in this study, an online questionnaire survey was conducted among those department store customers from 20's to 50's who reside either in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas and have made purchase at department stores. In this study, the research model consisted of four theoretical variables: IMC activities, IMC attitudes, brand loyalty, and repurchase intention, on which variables a pilot study was conducted. A number of hypotheses were constructed on the relations between IMC activities and IMC attitudes, between IMC attitudes and repurchase intention, and between brand loyalty and repurchase intention. The test of the hypotheses may be summarized as follows: Firstly, the test of the hypothesis concerning the relation between IMC attitudes and IMC activities - advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling, the Web, mobile, visual merchandising, and word of mouth - indicates that advertising, sales promotion, direct marketing, public relations, personal selling, mobile, visual merchandising, and word of mouth have significant impact on IMC activities. In addition to the result similar to those of previous studies that such marketing communication means as word of mouth, advertising, personal selling and sales promotion, in particular, play very important roles, a notable finding of this study is that visual merchandising performed by department stores is shown to have very significant impact on IMC activities. On a separate note, it is also noteworthy that Internet marketing activities engaged by department stores are not shown to have significant impact on IMC attitudes. Secondly, the test of the hypothesis on the relation between IMC attitudes and brand loyalty attests that IMC attitudes for the distribution industry significantly affect brand loyalty. Thirdly, the test of the hypothesis concerning the relation between IMC attitudes and repurchase intention confirms that IMC attitudes for the distribution industry significantly affect repurchase intention. Fourthly, the test of the hypothesis concerning the relation between brand loyalty and repurchase intention indicates that brand loyalty significantly affect repurchase intention. A comprehensive view of these findings points to the conclusion that the IMC activities for the distribution industry do affect IMC attitudes, brand loyalty, and repurchase intention.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.193-231
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• 2013

As developed IT, Word-of-Mouth(WOM) used varied terms as buzz marketing and viral marketing, and impressed that importance. Despite introduced new marketing tool on managers and professionals, online word-of-mouth including SNS lack of study on social network what based viral in marketing. In social network, patterns of relationship between individuals influence each other individual behaviors. Therefore this research grouped friendship-network and advice-network by characteristics, studied on trust of information source that antecedents of word-of-mouth in network. This study examined that affect- and cognition based trust affect WOM acceptance as WOM behaviors and examined effect of type of product as moderating variable. Additional this literature studied that WOM acceptance affect WOM recommend. To find the Influence of Trust on Word-of-Mouth Behaviors, a survey has done 206 samples(undergraduate students). The results of this study are as following : First, type of trust different friendship network and advice network. Affect-based trust is outstanding in friendship network than in advice network, while cognition-based trust stands out in advice network than another. Second, affect- and cognition based trust positive affect WOM acceptance. Contrary to expectations, what is preconceived trust in network have a similar effect for WOM acceptance regardless of type of trust. Third, WOM acceptance positive affect WOM recommend. Fourth, affect based trust affect WOM acceptance of hedonic product rather than utilitarian product. Upon especially in friendship network terms, affect-based trust has a more effect on WOM acceptance than cognition-based trust. This study has many implications. First, it is important that trust what have an influence WOM acceptance grouped affect- and cognition based trust. Second, it confirmed that trust is antecedents of positive WOM. Third, it is important that network grouped friendship network and advice-network by trust. Fourth, it gave managerial implications that they have to supply WOM through which network by type of product. We This study classified network and trust based on previous study. Then it examined relations between WOM behaviors. Further research could do enrich various things for example various age group, valence of message, quality of information.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.135-151
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• 2021

This research attempts to analyze the factors influencing the entrepreneurial intention of employees in manufacturing field. In particular, key factors of entrepreneurship and personal characteristics explain a significant association with the intention to start-up. And study whether R&D support from public enterprise adjusts intention to entrepreneurial Intention. This study conducted a online survey on 292 small and medium-sized enterprise manufacturing employees in May 2020. Using linear regression model and binary logistic model. The main study results are the following: First, among the key factors(innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking) of entrepreneurship, proactiveness hardly influenced the opportunity competency. Second, among the factors(risk-taking propensity, locus of control, tolerance for ambiguity) of personal characteristics, locus of control hardly influenced the opportunity competency. Third, opportunity competency(opportunity recognition and opportunity evaluation) had positive influence to entrepreneurial intention. Fourth, the study investigated the mediated effect of opportunity competency. The result showed that among the factors of entrepreneurship and personal characteristics, only two factors that are proactiveness and locus of control were not mediated by opportunity competency. and opportunity evaluation was acted as a mediator between proactiveness and entrepreneurial Intention, compared with opportunity recognition. Lastly, public enterprise's R&D supporting moderated the entrepreneurial intention). Based on the result, the study showed that first, the key factors of entrepreneurship except for proactiveness and personal characteristics(risk-taking propensity, locus of control, tolerance for ambiguity) except for locus of control affect the intention to start-up, repeatedly. This results are explained that employees have not started a business yet. Second, research on start-up suggests the need to analyze factors differentiated before and after the start-ups. Based on the results, entrepreneurship and personal characteristics show that study on the effects of start-up intentions should be carried out before and after the actual start-up takes place, and can be used as effective data in policies to promoting start-ups in manufacturing field.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.16-24
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the usage behavior of Seoullo 7017, the first public garden in Korea, to understand the usage status by analyzing blogs, and to present usage behavior and improvement plans for Seoullo 7017. From June 2017 to May 2020, after Seoullo 7017 was open to citizens, character data containing 'Seoullo 7017' in the title and contents of NAVER and·DAUM blogs were converted to text mining and socialization, a Big Data technique. The analysis was conducted using social network analysis. The summary of the research results is as follows. First of all, the ratio of men and women searching for Seoullo 7017 online is similar, and the regions that searched most are in the order of Seoul and Gyeonggi, and those in their 40s and 50s were the most interested. In other words, it can be seen that there is a lack of interest in regions other than Seoul and Gyeonggi and among those in their 10s, 20s, and 30s. The main behaviors of Seoullo 7017 are' night view' and 'walking', and the factors that affect culture and art are elements related to culture and art. If various programs and festivals are opened and actively promoted, the main behavior will be more varied. On the other hand, the main behavior that the users of Seoullo 7017 want is 'sit', which is a static behavior, but the physical conditions are not sufficient for the behavior to occur. Therefore, facilities that can cause sitting behavior, such as shades and benches must be improved to meet the needs of visitors. The peculiarity of the change in the behavior of Seoullo 7017 is that it is recognized as a good place to travel alone and a good place to walk alone as a public multi-use facility and group activities are restricted due to COVID-19. Accordingly, in a situation like the COVD-19 pandemic, more diverse behaviors can be derived in facilities where people can take a walk, etc., and the increase of various attractions and the satisfaction of users can be increased. Seoullo 7017, as Korea's first public pedestrian area, was created for urban regeneration and the efficient use of urban resources in areas beyond the meaning of public spaces and is a place with various values such as history, nature, welfare, culture, and tourism. However, as a result of the use behavior analysis, various behaviors did not occur in Seoullo 7017 as expected, and elements that hinder those major behaviors were derived. Based on these research results, it is necessary to understand the usage behavior of Seoullo 7017 and to establish a plan for spatial system and facility improvement, so that Seoullo 7017 can be an important place for urban residents and a driving force to revitalize the city.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.261-282
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• 2021

As the MZ generation, who values work-life balance, became a member of the organization, leader-oriented leadership centered on goal achievement and company profit made it difficult to achieve good results in the organization in the mid-to long-term. The company must strengthen the leadership that can be helpful for the self-leadership where the members of the organization move on their own and the organizational culture that enhances the employees' job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Therefore, this study analyzed the effect of the team leader's servant leadership on the team member's self-leadership and organizational effectiveness. In addition, it was studied whether the executive officer's emotional leadership interacted with the team leader's servant leadership and had a moderating effect on the team member's self-leadership. Also, the difference in path coefficient between the MZ generation and the non-MZ generation was verified. To this end, the research model was statistically verified using the PLS (Partial Least Square) structural equation. A survey was collected from 357 team members among office workers online. As a result of the analysis, the team leader's servant leadership had a significant effect on organizational effectiveness and team member's self-leadership. Also, in the relationship between the team leader's servant leadership and the team member's self-leadership, the emotional leadership of the executive officer had a positive (+) moderating effect. The MZ generation differed from the non-MZ generation in the path where the team leader's servant leadership positively affected the self-leadership of the team member and the path where the team leader's self-leadership had a mediating effect between the team leader's servant leadership and organizational effectiveness. The results of this study will suggest various theoretical and practical implications so that executive officers, team leaders, and team members within the company can develop leadership that increases organizational effectiveness in their respective positions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.336-348
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• 2024

Purpose: The use of food delivery services is increasing continuously in Korea, which may lead to nutritional problems and obesity. Despite this, the research on the association between delivered food consumption and obesity has been insufficient. This study examined the relationship between delivered food consumption and dietary behaviors and obesity among young adults in Jeju. Methods: An online survey was conducted from March 15 to April 5, 2023; 312 participants aged 19-39 years were included in the final analysis. The frequency, types, and time of delivered food consumption were measured using a questionnaire. The dietary behaviors included the following: eating out, breakfast consumption, recognition of nutrition labels, and eating salty foods, vegetables, and fruit. Obesity was defined using the body mass index based on self-reported body weight and height. Results: Approximately 59.3% of the participants ordered delivery foods more than one time/week. The frequency of delivered food consumption was higher in people who consumed breakfast < 5 times/week than those who consumed ≥ 5 times/week (p = 0.0088). People who usually eat salty foods tended to consume delivered food more frequently than those who did not (p = 0.0377). On the other hand, people who consumed fruits ≥ 1 time/day had a higher frequency of delivered food consumption than those who consumed fruits < 1 time/day (p = 0.0110). After adjusting for the confounding variables, the group who consumed delivered foods more than three times/week had an increased odds ratio (OR) of obesity compared to those who consumed less one time/week (OR, 2.38; 95% confidence intervals, 1.12-5.06). Conclusion: Young adults in Jeju who frequently consume delivered foods tended to have poor dietary habits including skipping breakfast and eating salty, and they had an increased odds of obesity. The overall dietary patterns can be improved by providing nutrition education and developing policies to promote or support healthy food choices when ordering delivered foods or eating out.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.37-57
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• 2018

With the spread of smart phones, interest in mobile media is on the increase as useful media recently. Mobile media is assessed as having differentiated advantages from existing media in that not only can they provide consumers with desired information anytime and anywhere but also real-time interaction is possible in them. So far, studies on mobile advertising were mostly researches analyzing satisfaction with, and acceptance of, mobile advertising based on survey, researches focusing on the factors affecting acceptance of mobile advertising messages and researches verifying the effect of mobile advertising on brand recall, advertising attitude and brand attitude through experiments. Most of the domestic mobile advertising studies related to advertisement effect and advertisement attitude have been conducted through experiments and surveys. The advertising effectiveness measure of the mobile ad used the attitude of the advertisement, purchase intention, etc. To date, there have been few studies on the effects of mobile advertising on actual advertising data to prove the characteristics of the advertising platform and to prove the relationship between the factors influencing the advertising effect and the factors. In order to explore advertising effect of mobile advertising platform currently commercialized, this study defined advertising characteristics and media characteristics from the perspective of advertiser, advertising platform and publisher and analyzed the influence of each characteristic on advertising effect. As the advertisement characteristics, we classified advertisement format classified by bar type and floating type, and advertisement material classified by image and text. We defined advertisement characteristics of advertisement platform as Hedonic and Utilitarian media characteristics. As a dependent variable, we use CTR, which is the ratio of response (click) to ad exposure. The theoretical background and the analysis of the mobile advertising business, the hypothesis that the advertisement effect is different according to the advertisement specification, the advertisement material, In the ad standard, bar ads are classified as static framing, Floating ads can be categorized as dynamic framing, and the hypothetical definition of floating advertisements, which are high-profile dynamic framing ads, is highly responsive. In advertising, images with high salience are defined to have higher ad response than text. In the media characteristics classified as practical / hedonic type, it is defined that the hedonic type media has a more relaxed tendency than the practical media, and there is a high possibility of receiving various information because there is no clear target. In addition, image material and hedonic media are defined to be highly effective in the interaction between advertisement specification and advertisement material, advertisement specifications and media characteristics, and advertisement material and media characteristics. As the result of regression analysis on each characteristic, material standard, which is a characteristic of mobile advertisement, and media characteristics separated into 'Hedonic' and 'Utilitarian' had significant influence on advertisement effect and mutual interaction effect was also confirmed. In the mobile advertising standard, the advertising effect of the floating advertisement is higher than that of the bar advertisement, Floating ads were more effective than text ads for image ads. In addition, it was confirmed that the advertising effect is higher in the practical media than the hedonic media. The research was carried out with the big data collected from the mobile advertising platform, and it was possible to grasp the advertising effect of the measure index standard which is used in the practical work which could not be grasped in the previous research. In other words, the study was conducted using the CTR, which is a measure of the effectiveness of the advertisement used in the online advertisement and the mobile advertisement, which are not dependent on the attitude of the ad, the attitude of the brand, and the purchase intention. This study suggests that CTR is used as a dependent variable of advertising effect based on actual data of mobile ad platform accumulated over a long period of time. The results of this study is expected to contribute to establishment of optimum advertisement strategy such as creation of advertising materials and planning of media which suit advertised products at the time of mobile advertisement.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.335-373
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• 2014

According to one Medicare report, in the US, total federal spending on health care expends almost 18 percent of the nation's GDP, about double what most industrialized nations spend on health care. And in 2011, Medicare spending reached close to $554 billion, which amounted to 21 percent of the total spent on U.S. health care in that year. Of that $554 billion, Medicare spent 28 percent, or about $170 billion, on patients' last six months of life. So what are the reasons of this high cost in EOL care and its possible solutions? Much spendings of Medicare on End-of-Life care for the terminally ill/chronically ill in the US has led health economics experts to assess the characteristics of the care. Decades of study shows that EOL care is usually supply-sensitive and poor in cost-effectiveness. The volume of care is sensitively depending on the supply of resources, rather than the severity of illness or preferences of patients. This means at the End-of-Life care, the medical resources are being overused. On the other hand, opposed to the common assumption, "The more care the better utility", the study shows that the outcome is very poor. Actually the patient preference and concerns are quite the opposite from what intense EOL care would bring about. This study analyzes the reasons for the supply-sensitiveness of EOL care. It can be resulted from the common misconception about the intense care and the outcome, physicians' mission for patients, lack of End-of-Life Care Decision which helps the patients choose their own preferred treatment intensity. It also could be resulted from physicians' fear of legal liabilities, and the management strategy since the hospitals are also seeking for financial benefits. This study suggests the possible solutions for over-treatment at the End-of-Life resulting from supply-sensitiveness. Solutions can be sought in two aspects, legal implementation and management strategy. In order to implement advance directive properly, active ethics education for physicians to change their attitude toward EOL care and more conversations about end-of-life care between physicians and patients is crucial, and incentive system for the physicians who actively have the conversations with patients will also help. Also, the general education towards the public is also important in the long run, and easy and official advance directive registry system-such as online registry-has to be built and utilized more widely. Alternative strategies in management are also needed. For example, the new strategic cost management and management education, such as cutting unnecessary costs and resetting values as medical providers have to be considered. In order to effectively resolve the problem in EOL care for the terminally ill/chronically ill and provide better experience to the patients, first of all, the misconception and the wrong conventional wisdom among doctors, patients, and the government have to be overcome. And then there should be improvements in systems and cultures of the EOL care.