• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.237-264
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of social integration of the person with physical disabilities based on independent living paradigm according to life span and to find factors affecting social integration and therefore to make policy implications for a better rehabilitation system. The data was obtained through telephone interviews with physically disabled residing in the city of Seoul and the suburb area of the city. The final sample consists of 591 respondents. The data was analyzed through frequency, oneway anova, pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. In this study, social integration based on independent living paradigm was divided into separate but related dimensions: autonomy of activity daily living, accessibility, economic level, degree of social support satisfaction, consumer control, psychological empowerment. The major findings of this study were as follows: First, the levels of six dimensions of social integration based on independent living paradigm were very different and especially the level of dimensions such as degree of social support satisfaction and consumer control were lower than other dimensions of social integration. Second, each level of social integration by life span was very different. Finally, the factors affecting social integration were socio-psychological traits such as social support, rehabilitation services, self esteem and acceptance of disability as well as the attribution to disability. The current findings suggest that improving nay only ADL or accessibility but also consumer control or social support should be considered by professional and policy makers. And differentiated intervention and policy according to life span necessary to policy makers and field practitioners.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.343-354
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• 2012

The purpose of this research was to compare the concentration variation between the sport talented children who have been applied with a sport program and the ordinary children who did not. The experiment group was composed of 59(male:32, female:27) sport talented children who were selected from the center of Busan University sport talent in April 2010. The control group was made up of 148 students who participated in 3 elementary schools located in Busan. Among these ordinary students 80 participants were finally used, as some of the students were excluded who were playing as athlete or studying in Science gifted program, FAIR concentration test sheet was used for this study, which was reformed for Korean version by Oh(2002). Covariance analysis was applied for using SAS 9.1 package, and the following conclusions were drawn. First, both the sport talented group and ordinary group of FAIR concentration's 3 subfactors were improved significantly after 8 months. Second, no difference between the sport talent group and ordinary group were found in the variations of post test of concentration's 3 subfactors. Especially there was no difference among groups in oneway-ANOVA using data of post test.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

The Korean government recently has focused on variety of policies to promote the use of bikes to control the emission of carbon. However, bike facilities with no regard to the safety and comfort of bike drivers has made inefficient bike roads. Also, the accidents related to bikes have increased rapidly. This study proposes the proper types of the bike roads considering land use and bike driver characteristics. The elements classifying the bike driver characteristics are driven through oneway ANOVA and cluster analysis. It is found that the types of the bike roads can be classified by the ratio of child and elderly bikers and the ratio of heavy trucks. Also, the each type is characterized by the land use types such ad residential, commercial and industrial areas through cluster analysis. According to the results of the cluster analysis, installation of bike roads in residential area needs to consider convenience and safety simultaneously. It is also found that convenience should be the most considerable factor in commercial area. Lastly, safety should be considered in industrial area. Recommended methodology and bike road type based on the land use and bike driver's characteristics can be useful to develop bike-friendly environments and increase mode share of bikes.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.248-258
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• 2003

This study was conducted to identify dietitians' position and role by assessing the present condition on management of human resources in contracted foodservice management company. Questionnaires were distributed to 79 contracted companies (eight large-size, 48 mid-size, 23 small-size companies) from March to May in 2002. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSSwin (version 8.0). The data were analyzed in group comparisons using frequencies and percentage for every item in the questionnaires, $x^2$-test, and oneway ANOVA. About eighty-five percent of contracted foodservice companies employed the new dietitians as full time employees, and seventy-five percent of them were promoted the dietitians by evaluation after a given period of time. As a starting payment for university graduates, large-size companies payed an average of 16,260,000 won/year, which was significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of mid-sized (11,320,000 won/year) and small-sized companies (11,620,000 won/year). The mean lengths of dietitians' service were 33.5 months in large-size companies, 26.5 months in mid-sized companies, 26.0 months in small-sized companies. It was less than 3 years in all companies (avg. 26.9 months). Fifty-four companies (68.4%) employed dietitians in each foodservice contract, whereas 25 companies didn't employ dietitians. The ratios of dietitians out of employees in each department of the companies were 42.6% in the department of contracted foodservice management, 19.9% in the department of menu development, 18.1% in the department of food safety, 8.7% in the department of distribution and purchase, 4.2% in the department of business, and 3.9% in the department of customer satisfaction. The dietitians' positions were directors in two companies (2.5%), general managers in two companies (2.5%), deputy managers in seven companies (8.9%), managers in twenty-nine companies (36.7%), assistant managers/chief clerks in twenty-four companies (30.4%), and chiefs in twenty-five companies (31.6%). The frequencies of training for dietitians were 6.2 times/year for the food safety training, 5.8 times/year for the cooking training, 4.8 times/year for nutrition-related training, and 4.7 times/year for service training.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.701-713
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the Nd:YAG lased root surface followed by root planing and/or tetracyline-HCI(T.C.-HCI) conditioning. $30,4mm{\times}4mm$ root segments were obtained from unerupted third molars and 21, periodontally involved root segments. The treatment groups were as follows : (1) healthy root cementum surface groups : 1) control(non-treated group), 2) lased only, 3) lased/root planed, and 4) lased/T.C.-HCI. (2) diseased root cementum surface groups : 1) control(root planed only), 2) lased/root planed, and 3) lased/root planed/T.C.-HCI. The specimens were treated with a Nd:YAG laser using a $320{\mu}m$ noncontact optic fiber handpiece with an energy setting of 1.5W($114.6J/cm^2$), 2.0W($152.9J/cm^2$), 5.0W($382J/cm^2$) for one minute. The fiber was held perpendicular to the petri dish(NUNC) 2cm apart in an attempt to expose the entire root segments equally. Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured from explants of normal interdental gingival tissue obtained during third morlar extraction. The attachment assay was performed with third-generation fibroblasts. The numbers of gingival fibroblasts attached to the root surface were counted on each specimen under the light microscope, and were statistically analyzed by the oneway ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in SPSS/PC+programs. The results were as follows : 1) In healthy root cementum surfaces, lased/root planed groups exhibited a significantly increased fibroblast attachment compared to controls, lased only, and lased/T.C.-HCI groups(p<0.05), 2) In diseased root cementum surfaces, laser treatment followed by root planing and/or T.C.HCl groups exhibited a increased tendency of fibroblast attachment compared to root planed only group. The results suggest that laser treatment followed by root planing and/or T.C.-HCl would appear necessary so as to render the root surface biocompatible.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2005

Objectives:Hwa-byung has been studied clinically for several years and introduced as Korean Culture- Bound Syndrome. However, the definition and the diagnostic method are not yet clarified, and there has not been any sufficient comparative study on this disease entity. This study was conducted to determine the clinical symptoms and the profile of the neurocognitive functions in Hwa-byung(HB) and Major Depressive Disorder(MDD), and We wish to identify any critical factors that differentiate the disorders. Methods:A total of 102 participants were examined, including 34 participants with MDD, 34 with HB, and 34 healthy controls. The MDD and HB patients were recruited from among inpatients and outpatients at the National Medical Center for the period from May to December of 2004. As a major diagnostic tool of MDD, diagnostic reference of DSM-IV-TR was used and as HB's diagnostic tool, We used computerized neurocognitive function test. Psychiatric symptomatology was evaluated by the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and Symptom Checkist-90-Revision(SCL-90-R). Oneway ANOVA, Scheffe post-hoc test and Chi-Squre Tests were used for statistical analysis. Results:The participants in three groups did not differ in terms of age, sex, and education. Assessment of BDI indicated that the MDD group had significantly higher total score than the HB group. MDD and HB groups showed significantly higher total scores on the SCL-90-R in comparison to the controls. The MDD group was found to have significantly more symptoms of depression than the HB group, based on the depression subscale of the SCL-90-R. The computerized neurocognitive function test suggest several results 1) Within the memory domain, it was found that one of the two memory tests in MDD and HB groups were significantly impaired in comparison to the control group. 2) Within the attention domain, it was found that only the MDD group was significantly impaired in comparison to the control group. 3) Within the higher cortical function domain, it was found that significant impairment exist in MDD group and HB group compared to the control group; the severity of impairment was found to be more profound in the MDD group than in the HB group. Conclusion:These results suggest that both HB group and MDD group have significantly decreased neurocognitive function than the control group, and neurocognitive function of the HB group is better than that of the MDD group.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-114
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• 2015

Objectives: Find out how it affects anxiety situations and self-esteem targeting the critical period of development of self-esteem in the lower grades in elementary school based on laughter therapy in having a positive influence on physical health promotion and positive emotional cultivation. And to verify the effects of laughter activity was to provide preliminary data on mental health education and guidance of school life. Methods: By targeting Ulsan Y elementary school, second grade 7 class, 191 students conducted test self-esteem and anxiety. Homogeneous group of experimental and control groups were selected in each one class. Classified as experimental group carried out laughter activity programs and control group did not carried out. Also the separation of the application program before and after, then it were performed preliminary-post-further as same checklist. Program coverage period is 12 weeks and 30 minutes per session was conducted twice a week. Differences between the experimental group and the comparison group has conducted the independent samples t-test, and if the difference between the experimental group and the comparison group were verified by performing a variance analysis(Oneway ANOVA) and post multiple comparisons. Results: Analysis of the experimental group decreased anxiety in the post-test than the pre-test as a whole, in particular, sub-areas of concern, shame and shyness was shown to be effective, and decision of the difficulty was not significant by insignificant reduction. In addition, self-esteem was increased in overall score. The score of collective self-esteem and School life self-esteem were more increased, and domestic self-esteem was not significant by slight increases. In contrast, the comparison group showed no significant difference in all areas of anxiety and self-esteem of pre-test and post-test. Conclusions: In experiments on self-esteem and anxiety of lower grade in elementary school through laughter activity program, comparison group it did not show an effect by accident, and experimental group showed meaningful effects that self-esteem was increased and anxiety was reduced. Thus, laughter activity can be seen that improving self-esteem, anxiety reduction and etc, is very beneficial to mental health.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.980-991
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to examnin the effect of slow stroke back massage(SSBM) on anxiety and immune response in patients undergoing open heart surgery and to compare the effect of 5-minutes with 10-minutes SSBM. Among the sixty-four patient subjects, twenty-one were one experimental group receiving massage for 10-minutes, twenty for the other experimental group receiving massage for 5-minutes and twenty-three for the control group. Subjects were admitted at Hospitals in Inchon and Puchon for open heart surgery. This study was carried out from October 10, 1997 to May 10, 1998. The levels of anxiety were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Trait anxiety scale, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol and the levels of immune response were measured by the blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell. Study measurements were taken before and after SSBM on the 1st post operative day. Data were analyzed using x$^2$ test, oneway ANOVA, paired t-test, t-test and Pearson product moment correlation. The results were summarized as follows : 1. After SSBM, VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate of the experimental group were decreased significantly than those measurements before the SSBM. After SSBM, significant difference in the VAS anxiety level, systolic blood pressure and pulse rate between the experimental and control groups were found. 2. After SSBM, the blood cortisol of the experimental and control groups were increased significantly compared with before SSBM. But the significant difference in blood cortisol between the two groups was not found. 3. After SSBM, the blood T-lymphocyte percentages of the experimental and control groups were decreased signigicantly and blood Natural killer cell percentages of the two groups were increased compared with before SSBM. But significant difference in blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between the two groups was not found. 4. Significant difference in VAS anxiety level, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, blood cortisol, blood T-lymphocyte and Natural killer cell percentages between SSBM for 5 minutes and SSBM for 10 minutes were not found. Based upon the results, this study concludes that the slow stroke back massage for 5 minutes is a useful intervention that decreases anxiety and produces relaxation in patients undergoing open heart surgery.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing in the areas of reducing stress and improving coping for parents of mentally retarded children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires during a period of 2 months between November 1994 and January 1995 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consist of 176 parents (88 mothers and 88 fathers) of mentally retarded children attending schools for the handicapped. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively. The coping scale developed by Folkman ＆ LaZarus was adopted to measure the level of coping, and the patterns of adaptation scale developed by Damrosch ＆ Perry was adopted to measure the patterns of adaptation. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, and oneway ANOVA. The results are as follows ; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced a significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. No significant difference in the level of coping was observed between mothers and fathers. There were differences in maternal and paternal patterns of adaptation. 2. The adaptation pattern of fathers was different according to their level of general stress, parental role stress and coping. The adaptation pattern of mothers was not different according to their level of general stress and parental role stress, but was according to their level of coping. 3. General stress experienced by fathers was different according to education, health status and support from their spouses. Satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and the support from spouse influenced coping used by fathers. Their level of parental role stress was not associated with any of their general characteristics. 4. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, the level of parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life and satisfaction with spouse. Their level of coping was associated with the sup port from spouse. The above findings indicate that mothers did not have more coping strategies than fathers did, despite the results which showed that mothers experienced greater stress than fathers did. Especially, the adaptation pattern of mothers was different according to their level of coping. Hence, nursing interventions directed at managing stress and improving coping should be used with mothers who use adaptation pattern 1. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.207-224
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify nurse's recognition and performance and to represent the factors of hindrance in the IV therapy management. The subjects were 420 nurses who worked at five general hospitals in Pusan. Tha data were collected using a questionnaire and the period of data collection was from January 1 to January 31, 1998. The instrument for this study was made by author oneself on the basis of guidelines Simmons et al', CDC' Stanley' and Kurdi' guideline, Cllinical Nurse's Association' that consist of 68 items for 5 fields ; pre-injection, just before-injection, needle-injection, during injection, post-injection field. Cron-bach Alpha coefficient of recognition and performance in the IV therapy management was .93 and .87. The datas were analized by a SPSS program using frequency, percent, paired t-test, t-test and oneway ANOVA. The results obtained were as follows : 1. The mean score of recognition in IV therapy management was significantly higher than that of performance(t=5.86, P<.001). 2. The items of lower than mean score of each fields in performance were the identification of drugs, hands washing, patient teaching about medication, disinfectional methods of the injection site and the rubber stopper in bottle, the use of disposable gloves, mask and eye goggles at the chemotherapy preparation, use of tape and armboard, changing the IV tubing, labeling the dressing over the injection site, observation and recordings of patient's condition after medication and confirmation of the needle length at the needle removal. 3. The factors of hindrance in IV therapy were 'having no time', 'insufficiency of goods', 'unknowing of methods', 'no disadvantage', and 'factors of doctor's doing'. The most important factor was 'have no time', especially item of hands washing. The other factors of hindrance showed high frequency in the following items ; 'insufficiency of goods' in the use of disposable gloves, mask and eye goggles at the chemotherapy preparation, 'unknowing of methods' in the certification of drugs compatibility, 'no disadvantage' in the labeling the dressing over the injection site, and 'factors of doctor's doing' in the changing the subclavian catheter dressing and checking the glucose level during the TPN infusion. In conclusion, there is necessity of educational program which can improve the nurse's knowledge of drugs, disinfection methods, comfort of patient and recordings in IV therapy management and alternative plan which are political and financial aids such as setting up the sink, giving of paper towels and necessary goods in the IV therapy for reducing the factors of hindrance for IV therapy management.