• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.462-467
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study investigated the influence of surface conditioning procedures and repeated firings on monoclinic content and strength of zirconia before cementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sintered bar-shaped zirconia specimens were subjected to no surface treatment (control), air abrasion, or grinding (n=21). Their roughness was evaluated using a profilometer, and microscope analysis was performed on one specimen of each group. Then, 2 or 10 repeated firings (n=10) were executed, the monoclinic content of specimens was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, and a three-point flexural strength test was performed. Surface roughness values were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) tests, the monoclinic content values were tested using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests, and the flexural strength values were tested using two-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests (P=.05). Spearman's correlation test was performed to define relationships among measured parameters. RESULTS. Surface-treated specimens were rougher than untreated specimens and had a higher monoclinic content (P<.005), and the relationship between roughness and monoclinic content was significant (P<.000). Neither surface treatment nor firing significantly affected the flexural strength, but Weibull analysis showed that for the air-abraded samples the characteristic strength was significantly lower after the $10^{th}$ firing than after the $2^{nd}$ firing. CONCLUSION. After firing, a negligible amount of monoclinic content remained on the zirconia surfaces, and rougher surfaces had higher monoclinic contents than untreated surfaces. Multiple firings could be performed if necessary, but the fracture probability could increase after multiple firings for rougher surfaces.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study was to improve the comfort of daily life such as reduction of headache and increase of movement of neck by using muscle relaxation approach and joint movement approach for office worker with tension type headache of foward head posture sitting over 5 hours. Methods For this, 9 male and 15 female participated in the foward head posture with tension type headache. Each group consisted of 3 male and 5 female. Groups are divided into groups, such as muscle relaxation therapy, joint movement therapy, muscle relaxation and joint movement therapy. After intervention for each group for a month, we measured neck movement and head disability index and neck disability index 2 week. SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. The one-way repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA), one-way ANOVA, compared t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results Three intervention groups have brought improvements in neck movement and daily life comfort. There is significant difference in the improvement of neck extension and change in neck disability index between 2 and 4 weeks in the joint movement approach compared to muscle relaxation approach, muscle relaxation and joint movement approach. Conclusions Office workers are exposed to tension type headache. However, muscle relaxation approach and joint movement approach can improve neck movement and daily life comfort.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.574-586
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• 2019

This study was conducted to obtain meaningful information about job management of child care center teachers, who take charge of child care policy at the front line, social meaning of which is being greatly highlighted these days. Especially, the research was designed with causal relationships in mind, in which certain job-related thoughts or consciousness forms attitudes, thus leading to behavior. In this light, the present study selected the following variables for analysis: job attitudes including job calling, job engagement, and job burnout; and job behavior such as creative behavior, active behavior, and ethical behavior. Data collected from 209 child care center teachers' response to structured questionnaires was analyzed, using t-test, one-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicate that job burnout increased at a statistically significant level as extra workhours increased, and that only job engagement, among job attitude variables, and creative behavior and active behaviors, among job behavior variables, had significant effects. Moreover, job engagement was the only variable that was found to work as a mediator in relationships between job calling and active behavior.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.726-739
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to assert the necessity of social health as a solution to resolve social issues of the aged in the nearing aged society, and to assess the effects that the social health of the aged has on their quality of life. In doing so, the study gathered as its study subjects those aged persons who participate in social activities among persons aged 65 or older who reside in Euiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do. A total of 157 subject studies were used for the final analysis. An analysis of frequency, t-Test and one-way ANOVA, Duncan post-test, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis was conducted by using the IBM SPSS 21.0. The main study findings are as follows. with respect to the correlation between socio-demographic factors and social health, economic level, subjective level of health and social health showed a positive correlation. Domiciliary treatment level and subjective level of health showed a negative correlation with economic level and social health, respectively. with respect to the effects of social health on quality of life, in the case of model 1 which only input factors of socio-demographical characteristics, the variance explanation power was found to be 38.2% and the regression model was found to be significant (F=13.141, p<.001). In the case of model 2 which input factors of socio-demographical characteristics and social health, the variance explanation power was found to be 13.8% and the regression model was found to be significant (F=20.057, p<.001). Based on such study results, this study recommends a number of proposals.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2010

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of surface conditioning on the shear bond strength of zirconium-oxide ceramic to 4 luting agents. Materials and methods: A total of 120 diskshaped zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks (3Y-TZP, Kyoritsu, Japan) were treated as follows: (1) Sandblasting with $110\;{\mu}m$ aluminum-oxide ($Al_2O_3$) particles; (2) tribochemical silica coating (Rocatec) using $110\;{\mu}m$ $Al_2O_3$ particles modified by silica; (3) no treatment. Then zirconium-oxide ceramic blocks bonded with 4 luting cements (RelyX luting (3M ESPE), Maxcem (Kerr), Nexus3 (Kerr), Rely X Unicem (3M ESPE)). Each group was tested in shear bond strengths by UTM. A 1-way analysis of variance and 2-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data ($\alpha$ = .05). Results: RelyX unicem in combination tribochemical silica-coating produced a highest bond strength (P < .05). Air abrasion group and Rocatec treatment groups resulted in significantly higher than no conditioning group (P < .05). RelyX Luting groups showed lower bond strength than other groups. There were significant differences among groups (P < .05). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, RelyX Unicem cement provided the highest bond strength and Rocatec treatment enhanced the bond strength.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.253-259
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine how smartphone use posture affects biomechanical variables and muscle activities. Eleven university students(age: $22.2{\pm}2.6$ yrs, height: $176.6{\pm}4.7$ cm, weight: $69.5{\pm}7.5$ kg) who have no musculoskeletal disorder were recruited as the subject according to having experience in using the smartphone for more than one year. Angular velocity, muscle activity, and thumb finger pressure were determined for each trial. For each dependent variable, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was performed to test if significant difference existed among different three conditions (p<.05). The result showed that rotational angular velocity of the first metacarpal were increased in DESK posture compared with STAND posture during SU phase. The average nEMG values of FDI(First dorsal interosseous) were less in SIT and DESK posture compared with STAND posture during SR phase. These indicated that smartphone postures may effect the thumb ROM(Range of motion) and muscle activity. This has led to suggestions of the need for further kinetic and EMG analyses to evaluate best assess and characterize with smartphone use.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to classify consumer's attitude at fashion store and analyze the relationship between emotional marketing and visual merchandising. Questionnaires were administered to 20-30 young consumers at fashion store in 20-30s who live in Seoul and Daegu. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, mediated regression analysis, analysis of variance, T-test, one way ANOVA. The results are as follows. First, emotional marketing had an effect on positive emotional response at fashion store. Second, visual merchandising had an effect on positive emotional response at fashion store. Third, emotional marketing and visual merchandising had an effect on positive relationship. Forth, positive emotional response had an effect on positive consumer's attitude. Lastly, emotional marketing and visual merchandising had an effect on positive consumer's attitude. The result of this study suggests to the fashion business that well managed various emotional response factor, positive emotional experience and desirable visual merchandising are necessary.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.293-307
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• 2015

Social commerce has a large impact on the emergence of the concept of society and individual lives that is recognized as one of the most important business areas in the Internet environment. A marketing agency, Trend Monitor (http://www.trendmonitor.co.kr), conducted a survey on social commerce usage and satisfaction level; subsequently, we used survey result data from 221 adult males and females for our research sample. Data analyses were conducted by reliability test, confirmatory factor analysis, t -test or one-way analysis of variance, and structural equation model (SEM) with IMB SPSS ver. 21.0 and ver. AMOS ver. 21.0. This study focused on multi-dimensional consumer innovativeness and found three elements of acceptability, competence, and distribution. Empirical verification through SEM presented data that suggests the three consumer innovativeness factors have a direct positive effect on social commerce that causes factors to indirectly affect satisfaction levels. This study indicated that the main consumption patterns in modern society take advantage of social commerce and satisfaction by improving a market economy to promote restoration. First, this study considers consumer innovativeness to have three factors. Secondly, research results help to understand relations between consumer innovativeness, use and satisfaction with social commerce that can help the social commerce industry establish effective market strategies through consumer innovativeness. The conclusion discusses implications for academic research and marketing strategies.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different quantitative knowledge of results on the measurement error during lumbar proprioceptive sensation training. Twenty-eight healthy adult men participated and subjects were randomly assigned into four different feedback groups(100% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 50% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 100% relative frequency with a length feedback, 50% relative frequency with a length feedback). An electrogoniometer was used to determine performance error in an angle, and the Schober test with measurement tape was used to determine performance error in a length. Each subject was asked to maintain an upright position with both eyes closed and both upper limbs stabilized on their pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae flexion was maintained at $30^{\circ}$ for three seconds. Different verbal knowledge of results was provided in four groups. After lumbar flexion was performed, knowledge of results was offered immediately. The resting period between the sessions per block was five seconds. Training consisted of 6 blocks, 10 sessions per one block, with a resting period of one minute. A resting period of five minutes was provided between 3 blocks and 4 blocks. A retention test was performed between 10 minutes and 24 hours later following the training block without providing knowledge of results. To determine the training effects, a two-way analysis of variance and a one-way analysis of variance were used with SPSS Ver. 10.0. A level of significance was set at .05. A significant block effect was shown for the acquisition phase (p<.05), and a significant feedback effect was shown in the immediate retention phase (p>.05). There was a significant feedback effect in the delayed retention phase (p<.05), and a significant block effect in the first acquisition phase and the last retention phase (p<.05). In conclusion, it is determined that a 50% relative frequency with a length feedback is the most efficient feedback among different feedback types.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-43
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• 2023

Purpose: This study investigated the dietary behavior of experienced shiftwork nurses and aimed to identify factors related to dietary behavior. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis based on the Shift Work Nurses' Health and Turnover study (2018-2021) among Korean nurses. In total, 247 experienced (>12 months) shiftwork nurses were included in this study. The participants' dietary behavior, depression, level of occupational stress, fatigue, physical activity, and general characteristics were measured. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. Results: The dietary behavior score of the participants using the Mini-Dietary Assessment Index was 29.35±5.67. Thirty percent of the participants were depressed, the participants experienced moderate occupational stress, and 74.1% of the participants engaged in an inadequate amount of physical activity. The factors influencing shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior were having child(ren) (β=.16, p=.027), depression (β=-.13, p=.032), level of occupational stress related to occupational climate (β=-.13, p=.035), and an inadequate amount of physical activity (β=-.17, p=.006). These factors explained 10.4% of the variance in experienced shiftwork nurses' dietary behavior scores. Conclusion: Experienced nurses with child(ren) tended to have healthier diets. However, a higher level of occupational stress related to occupational climate, depression, and engaging in an inadequate amount of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of having an unhealthy diet. Therefore, strategies are needed to encourage physical activity and alleviate adverse occupational climate and depression among experienced nurses.