• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.190-194
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• 2017

생육이 균일하고 다수성인 산느타리버섯 신품종 '산타리'의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. $26{\sim}29^{\circ}C$이고 버섯발생온도는 $22^{\circ}C$, 버섯생육온도 $18^{\circ}C$로 '호산'과 유사하며, 발생형은 다발형태를 나타내었다. 병재배시 배양기간은 28일, 초발이 소요일수는 3일, 생육일수는 3일로 총재배기간은 34일이 소요되었다. 갓크기는 35.9 mm이며, 갓색도(L)는 53.7로 회갈색을 나타내었고, 대는 직경 10.1 mm, 길이 79.7 mm로 '호산' 에 비하여 굵고 긴형태이며, 대색택은 L=93으로 백색을 나타내었다. 수량은 생산력 검정시 1,100 ml병에서 172 g을 나타내었으며, 농가실증재배시 A(여주1) 120.8 g/900 ml, B (여주2) 165.2 g/900 ml, C(용인) 141.7 g/900 ml으로 대조구 대비 24% 이상 증수되었다. 대의 물리성은 탄력성, 응집성, 씹읍성, 깨집성이 각각 87%, 82%, 193 g, 16.8 kg을 나타났다. DNA다형성을 비교 분석한 결과 URP3, URP10, URP12의 primer에서 교배 모본인 '호산'과 'GMPO20404'의 DNA의 밴드가 혼합되어 있었으며 품종간, 균주간의 밴드 차이가 있었다. 저장 기간에 따른 신선도는 저온저장시 7, 상온보관시 6 을 나타내어 대조품종인 '호산' 보다 상온보관시 신선도가 우수하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.240-250
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different etching time on the shear bond strength and adaptibility of composite to enamel and dentin when used one-bottle adhesive Prime & Bond$^{TM}$ 2.0. The proximal and occlusal surfaces of 88 extracted human molars were ground to expose enamel(n=44) and dentin (=44) using diamond wheel saw. Teeth were randomly assigned to four test groups(n=11) and received the following treatments : Control group were conditioned with 36% phosphoric acid for 20 sec. according to the manufacturer's directions. Experimental 10 sec. group, 30 sec. group and 60 sec. group were conditioned with 36% phosphoric acid for 10 sec., 30 sec. and 60 sec., respectively. Teeth were rinsed and dried for 2 sec. Prime & Bond$^{TM}$ 2.0 were applied according to the manufacturer's directions and Spectrum$^{TM}$ TPH composite resins were bonded to enamel and dentin surfaces. All specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours. Eighty specimens were sheared in a Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 5mm/minute. One way ANOVA and LSD test were used for statistical analysis of the data. Failure modes of all specimens after shear bond strength test were examined and listed. Also, representive postfracture modes and eight specimens were examined under scanning electron microscope. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The shear bond strength to enamel was the highest value in 30 sec. group (20.68${\pm}$8.54MPa) and the lowest value in 10 sec. group (14.92${\pm}$6.07MPa), so there was significant difference of shear bond strength between two groups (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference among other groups (p>0.05). With longer etching time to enamel from 10 sec. to 30 sec., higher the shear bond strength was obtained, but the shear bond strength was decreased at 60 sec. etching time. 2. The shear bond strength to dentin was the highest value in control group (13.08${\pm}$6.25MPa) and the lowest value in 60 sec. group (9.47${\pm}$3.35MPa), but there was no significant difference among the all groups (p>0.05). The eching time over 20 sec. decreased the shear bond strength to dentin. 3. In SEM observation, the enamel and resin interfaces were showed close adaptation with no relation to etching time of enamel. And the dentin and resin interfaces were showed close adaptation at 20 sec. and 30 sec. etching time, but showed some gaps at 10 sec. and 60 sec. etching time. Accordingly, these results indicated that a appropriate etching time in Prime & Bond$^{TM}$ 2.0 was required to be 30 sec. in enamel and 20 sec. in dentin for the high shear bond strength and good adaptation between the composite resin and tooth substance.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.495-508
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary patterns and behaviors of self-boarding college students in Wonju. This survey was carried out through questionnaries and the subjects were 118 man and 145 woman students of five colleges in Wonju. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The students who live in Kangwon Province, reaching 49.0% of the subjects, are the most prevalent. In the frequency of homecoming, 'twice a month' is the greatest. One-room system is the most prevalent in the self-boarding patterns. 2. 90.8% of the students have the electric rice cooking pot. Portable gas range, gas range, electric stove, in this order, are more general as cooking appliances. Specially, more than half of students, either male or female, have refrigerators. 3. 80.4% of students cook their own meal. 'once a day' in cooking frequency is the most prevalent. 4. The students, either male or female, prepare breakfast and dinner for themselves at home, and have lunch at the school cafeteria. They choose boiled rice mostly at any mealtime. 5.In the frequency of drinking, 'three times a week' in man students and 'two or three times a month' in woman students are the most prevalent. The drink shop and their own self-boarding room are most preferred as the place for drinking in the both case of male and female. 6. In the quantity of drinking of male students, 'more than three bottles of Soju', 'two bottles of Soju', and 'one bottle of Soju', in this order, are recorded more frequently and in the case of female students, comes 'one bottle of Soju' and 'one bottle of beer' in that order. 7. Male students drink to have a dim consciousness and female students to feel good. In this case there are differences. 8. After drinking in the previous night, more female students have a breakfast than male. While more female students have any kind of food, most of male students have a broth to relieve hangover or ramyun. 9. The causes for no breafast after drinking were 'rising late', 'stomachache', 'habits' in this cider. 10. After students self-examine their own health, they express their health state as 'usual', 'very healthy' 'not healthy' in this order. Most of male and female students point out the stomach as a painful part.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare microleakage and marginal hybrid layer in class V restorations using two one-bottle adhesives and one self-etching adhesive. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were pre-pared on buccal and lingual surfaces of 30 extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into three treatment groups (n=30) and restored with three adhesives and composites: Single Bond/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), Prime&BondNT/Esthet.X (Group 2), UniFil Bond/UniFil F (Group 3). For microleakage, samples were stored in room temperature water for 24 hours, thermocycled stained with 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned into halves, scored and analysed using Mann-whitney test and Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. For marginal hybrid layer, samples were sectioned into halves, treated with 10% phosphoric acid for 5 seconds, stored in 5% NaOCL solution for 24 hours, dried and gold coated. Occlusal and gingival margins of each sample were inspected under SEM. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Microleakage at the occlusal margins was not evident in group 1 and group 2, but it showed in group 3 (p<0.05). 2. Microleakage in group 1 and group 3 was significantly lower than in group 2 at gingival margins (p<0.05). 3. Microleakage at gingival margins was greater than at occlusal margins in group 1 and group 2, but microleakage at occlusal margins was greater than at gingival margins in group 3 (p<0.05). 4. In group 1 and group 2, no gaps at occlusal margins showed. But gaps showed in group 3. Occlusal margins were free from a hybrid layer in all groups 5. The thickness of the marginal hybrid layers was 2.5~5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 2 and 1.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ thick in group 3. 6 There was no corelation between microleakage and thickness of marginal hybrid layer. In coclusion, the effect of dentin adhesives on microleakge in class V composite restorations was excellent when one-bottle adhesives were applied on enamel margin, and it was good when a self-etching adhesive was applied on dentinal margin. There was no corelation between microleakage and thickness of marginal hybrid layer.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.225-227
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• 2004

병재배 느타리버섯의 품종 다양화를 위해 단핵균주교잡에 의해 육성된 흑백느타리의 주요특성은 다음과 같다. 가. 흑백느타리는 X-선 조사된 애느타리1호 단핵균주에 병느타리1호의 단핵균주 교잡에 의해 육성된 품종으로 균사생장적온은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, 자실체 발생 및 생육온도는 $14{\sim}16^{\circ}C$이다. 나. 갓색은 흑갈색이고 편편형이며 대는 순백색이고 직립형이다. 다. 배양일수는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 20일정도이고 자실체는 굵고 짧은형으로 농가실증시험에서 병당 수량은 142.8g으로 높은 편이었다. 라. 색택이 흑갈색이고 생육온도가 $17^{\circ}C$이상으로 높으면 회갈색을 나타낸다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.218-221
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• 2004

병재배 느타리버섯의 품종 다양화를 위해 단핵균주교잡에 의해 육성된 진미느타리버섯의 균사생장적온은 $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, 버섯발생 및 생육온도는 $15{\pm}1^{\circ}C$이고 갓색은 회색이며 얕은깔대기형으로 발이수가 많았다. 배양일수는 $20^{\circ}C$에서 22일, 초발이 소요일수는 4일이며 가늘고 긴형으로 농가실증시험에서 병당수량은 145.9g으로 높은 편이었다. 버섯의 갓색과 갓형태, 이형개체 발생, 균사생장량, 종균배양기간 등에 대한 균일성도 양호하였고, 세균성 갈변병에 대한 저항성은 소정도로 나타났으나 푸른곰팡이병은 발생되지 않았다. 또한 균사활력이 강하고 15 이하에서는 진한회색을 나타내며 육질이 부드럽고 대가 백색으로 깨끗한 직립형의 특성을 보유하고 있다.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2015

Studies focusing on the constantly changing buying behavior and product preferences of a booming teen market are rare and this is particularly true in the Philippines. To address this gap in the literature, this study focused on the supermarket brands of cologne preferred by teens in the Philippines such as Lewis & Pearl (L&P), Johnson's Baby Cologne, Juicy, Bench, Ellips, Fiona, Bambini and Baby Flo which are manufactured by various competing companies. Essentially, this study presented and described the profile and buying behavior of cologne users and non-cologne users and determined whether preferential differences existed between these brands. The respondents consisted of 473 teens all over the Philippines stratified in terms of general location via the three major groups of islands in the Philippines: Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. Respondents came from selected schools in Quezon City in Metro Manila, Sariaya in Quezon Province, Cebu City, and Digos City to represent the Greater Metro Manila Area, Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, respectively. Findings showed that almost all of the respondents used cologne at varying degrees. In general, teens use several scents and brands of cologne and continually shift from one scent/brand to another scent/brand. This made it difficult for any company to capture loyal consumers. The most popular brands used by teenagers were Bench (61.7%), Lewis and Pearl (59%), Juicy (42%), Afficionado (32%), Fiona (19.3%), Penshoppe (18%), Bambini (12.6%), Ellips (11.3%) and Zen Zest (7.5%). Fragrance or scent is the top priority of teenagers in choosing a cologne brand, followed by brand name, affordability, bottle design and endorser. The spray bottle type of colognes is preferred even if cologne spray bottles are priced higher than the splash cologne bottle type. Managerial implications of these findings for market players, marketing scholars and prospective investors are presented.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2018

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been sampling and cryogenically preserving various wildlife specimens to monitor bio-accumulations of chemical pollutants since 2010. Recently, the NESB set up a plan to develop reference materials at their facility to assure the analytical quality of and validate the analytical methods for their monitoring samples. One of the crucial characteristics of reference materials is intra- and inter-bottle homogeneity. In this study, we used ANOVA for total mercury concentrations in some samples to validate their homogeneities after milling and homogenization. We examined the intra- and inter-bottle homogeneities of two cryogenically-milled samples (Korean mussel (Mytilus coruscus) and black-tailed gull's egg (Larus crassirostris). The variations in the total mercury concentrations were not significantly different intra- and inter-bottle (mussel: F=0.74, p=0.67; gull egg: F=1.96, p=0.10). Additionally, the relative standard deviations of the total mercury concentrations showed low values (mussel: 2.02%, gull egg: 1.78%). Therefore, the cryogenic-milling process statistically proves the homogeneity of the materials of mussels and sea gull eggs for chemical analysis for total mercury.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.636-644
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• 2004

최근 자가 부식형 접착 시스템이 개발되어 법랑질 및 상아질에 모두 적용할 수 있고, 임상적 술식을 단순화 시켰다. 이 접착 시스템은 적용하기 용이하고 임상적으로도 법랑질 및 상아질에 높은 결합강도를 보인다고 보고되고 있다. 이 연구는 in vitro 상에서 복합레진 5급 와동의 법랑질 및 상아질 경계에서 전부식 처리를 동반한 one-bottle 접착시스템과 자가 부식형 접착 시스템을 사용하였을 때 미세 누출을 비교하기 위해 시행하였다. 교정적 목적으로 발치된 30개의 소구치를 무작위적으로 3개 군으로 나누었다; 1 군 (Single $Bond^{(R)}$ + Filtek $Z250^{(R)}$), 2 군 (Clearfil SE $Bond^{(R)}$ + Filtek $Z250^{(R)}$), 3 군 (Adper Prompt $L-Pop^{(R)}$ + Filtek $Z250^{(R)}$). 표준화된 5급 와동을 각 소구치 협면, 설면에서 백악-법랑경계에 평행하게 형성하였으며, 와동의 치은측 1/2은 백악법랑경계보다 1mm 치근단으로 연장하였다. 접착 시스템을 제조자의 지시대로 적용한 다음 복합레진을 충전하고 제조자의 지시대로 광중합하였다. 시편을 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에 5일 간 보관 후 $5^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}C$ 와 $55^{\circ}C{\pm}2^{\circ}$에서 1000회 열순환한 다음, 2% methylene blue 용액에 12시간 침잠시켰다. $Isomet^{TM}$ (Buehler Co., Lake Bluff, IL, USA)을 사용하여 치아를 충전물 중앙에서 종절단한 후 입체 현미 경하에서 25배의 배율로 색소 침투도를 평가하였다. 결과는 t-test 와 one-way ANOVA를 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. 결과는 다음과 같았다. ${\cdot}$ 실험에 사용 된 접착 시스템 중에 미세 누출을 완벽하게 방지하는 접착 시스템은 없었다. ${\cdot}$ 상아질 경계에서의 미세 누출이 법랑질 경계에서보다 통계학적으로 유의하게 더 많았다(p<0.0001). ${\cdot}$ 법랑질 경계에서 자가 부식형 접착 시스템은 전부식 처리를 동반한 one-bottle접착 시스템과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. ${\cdot}$ 상아질 경계에서, 자가 부식형 접착 시스템은 전부식 처리를 동반한 one-bottle 접착 시스템과 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of "Green-one" organic nutrient on mycelial growth and fruiting of P. ostreatus. The dilution concentrations of "Green-one" was treated as follows. There was control, 100, 200, 400 concentrations. That treatments were treated with step of each mycelial growth step. The best of growth steps was mycelial scratching step. At that time, DPI(Day required for primordial formation after inoculation) was shortened for 1 day. Valid germination stipe are 15 pieces, 3 pieces more than control. Stipe length and stipe diameter was long each 4mm, 3mm more than control. Pileus size is shortened than control. Yields per one bottle(g/850cc) was 146g increased 6.5% than control 137g/850cc.