• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.590-593
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• 2006

Timber inventory management includes to measure and update forest attributes, which is crucial information for private companies and public organizations in property assessment and environment monitoring. Field measurement would be accurate, but time-consuming and inefficient. For the reason, remote sensing technology has been an alternative to field measurement from an economic perspective. Among several sensors, LiDAR and Radar interferometry are known for their efficiency for forest monitoring because they are less influenced by weather and light conditions, and provide reasonably accurate vertical/horizontal measurement for a large area in a short period. For example, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and National Elevation Dataset (NED) in the U.S. can provide tree height information and DSM. On the other hand, LiDAR DSM (the first return) and DEM (the last return) can also present tree height estimation. With respect to project site of loblolly pine plantation in Louisiana in the U.S., the accuracy of SRTM C-Band approach estimating tree height was assessed by the LiDAR approaches. In addition, SRTM X-Band and NED were also compared with the results. Plantation year in inventory GIS, which is directly related to forest age, is high correlated with the difference between SRTM C-Band and NED. As a byproduct, several stands of age mismatch could be recognized using an outlier detection algorithm, and optical satellite image (ETM+) were used to verify the mismatch. The findings of this study were (1) the confirmation of usefulness of the SRTM DSM for forest monitoring and (2) Multi-sensors- Radar, LiDAR, ETM+, MODIS can be used for accuracy improvement of forest inventory GIS altogether.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.03a
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• pp.863-874
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• 2008

We have to judge engineering properties of rock accurately in order to design and construct rock structure safely and economically. Among the rock tests, the test result of UCS(Uniaxial Compressive Strength) is very important factor used in the variety ways for designing and construction of underground structures, rock slope and foundation analysis. But the UCS test has some disadvantages of intact sample preparation such as because the shape of sample has to be regular cylindrical, cube or rectangular. In order to solve those problem, indirect tests are used such as point load test, schmidt hammer test, absorption test, dry density to predict UCS of rock. Those tests are easy to prepare sample and convenient to carry out the tests, so it is simple and costs less. Schmidt hammer test are frequently used in the construction site, because it is handy and easy to use, but there is concern of misuse without classifying the specification of each schmidt hammer. Thus, this study suggested presumptive numerical formula related on each specification of schmidt hammer test, point load test, absorption test and dry density also. We compared presumptive numerical formula and R-square through schmidt rebound assessment method already brought up. Also, through the test we offer the extent of weathering index according to the weathering grade.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2012

The recent development of CFD techniques are being involved w ith Environmental Impact Assessment and Environmental DesignroThey are being applied to the Site Planning and Engineering Design works as a new trendroHowever, CFD laboratory works are not extended to the field works in Industrial Project due to inaccuracy of the data input process that is cause by absence of regional height informationsroHence, in this study, we promote to build a new initial input data processing steps and algorithms for CFD Model generation. ENVI-met model is very popular, efficient, and freely downloadable CFD model. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) are well known state of art technology and dataset proving a reliable accuracy for CFD. We use LiDAR data as a input source for CFD input producing process and algorithm development and evaluation. CFD initial input data generation process and results derived from am development and set is very useful and efficient for rapid CFD input data producing and maklomore reliable CFD Model forec st for atmospheric and climatic analysis for planning and design engineering industry.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3B
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• pp.285-291
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• 2011

Accurate assessment of the water and energy cycles is essential to understand hydrologic, climatologic, and ecological processes. Common Land Model (CLM) is one of the well-developed Soil-Vegetation-Atmosphere Transfer (SVAT) models based on the water and energy balance equation for accurate prediction of hydro-environmental cycles. The CLM can estimate realistic and reliable results using relatively simple parameters. It has been widely used in the world, however in Korea practical applications of the CLM are rare due to lack of information and input data. In this study, the CLM with Korea Flux network (KoFlux) and Kore Land Data Assimilation System (KLDAS) data were individually validated for domestic applications. This study showed that all comparisons between observations and model results from KoFlux and KLDAS had reasonable correlation with determination coefficient of 0.73~1.00 via regression. The results confirmed the applicability of the CLM and the possibility of the KLDAS usage for the region where input data are not existed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4447-4453
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• 2013

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage (AL) after anterior resection for rectal cancer with a double stapling technique. Patients and Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2011, 753 consecutive patients in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Research Institute diagnosed with rectal cancer and undergoing anterior resection with a double stapling technique were recruited. All patients experienced a total mesorectal excision (TME) operation. Additionally, decrease of postoperative tumor supplied group of factors (TSGF), which have not been reported before, was proposed as a new indicator for AL. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to determine risk factors for AL. Results: AL was detected in 57 (7.6%) of 753 patients with rectal cancer. The diagnosis of anastomotic leakage was confirmed between the 6th and 12th postoperative day (POD; mean 8th POD). After univariate analysis and multivariate analysis, age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.002), level of anastomosis (p<0.001), preoperative body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001) and reduction of TSGF in 5th POD was less than 10 ${\mu}/ml$ (p<0.001) were selected as 5 independent risk factors for AL. It was also indicated that a temporary defunctioning transverse ileostomy (p=0.04) would decrease the occurrence of AL. Conclusion: AL after anterior resection for rectal carcinoma is related to elderly status, low level site of the tumor (below the peritoneal reflection), being male, preoperative BMI and the decrease of TSGF in $5^{th}$ POD is less than 10 ${\mu}/ml$. Preventive ileostomy is advisable after TME for low rectal tumors to prevent AL.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.216-225
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• 2017

We assessed the microhabitat conditions of three fish species (black shinner Pseudopungtungia nigra, striped shinner Pungtungia herzi, Korean shinner Coreoleuciscus splendidus) considering various stream order in the Geumgang River Basin. A total of 1,275 individuals were collected from 19 sites. And the microhabitat condition was assessed measuring flow velocity, water depth and substrate size at each site. The highest relative frequencies for P. herzi, C. splendidus and P. nigra were calculated 100% (n = 310), 78.9% (n = 784) and 47.3% (n = 181) respectively. P. herzi appeared in all streams, irrespective of their stream order; however, appearance in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower was found to be scarcer than in the ones with the $3^{rd}$ order or higher. On the other hand, P. nigra and C. splendidus didn't appear in streams with the $2^{nd}$ order or lower. When it comes to P. nigra, the ones with 7 to 8 cm in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0.2 to $0.4m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.5 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. The three species all preferred runs as types of habitats with lots of coarse gravels-cobbles. P. herzi, the ones with 5 cm or shorter in length most frequently appeared. They inhabited streams, mainly, with 0 to $0.3m\;s^{-1}$ and 0.4 m in velocity and water depth, respectively. C. splendidus with 7 to 8 cm in length occupied the majority of them. They appeared in streams, mainly, with $0.9m\;s^{-1}$or higher and 0.3 m in velocity and water depth.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

As the popularity of fat grafting research increases, animal models are being used as the source of pre-clinical experimental information for discovery and to enhance techniques. To date, animal models used in this research have not been compared to provide a standardized model. We analyzed publications from 1968-2015 to compare published accounts of animal models in fat grafting research. Data collected included: species used, graft characteristics (donor tissue, recipient area, amount injected, injection technique), time of sacrifice and quantification methods. Mice were most commonly used (56% of studies), with the "athymic nude" strain utilized most frequently (44%). Autologous fat was the most common source of grafted tissue (52%). Subcutaneous dorsum was the most common recipient site (51%). On average, $0.80{\pm}0.60mL$ of fat was grafted. A single bolus technique was used in 57% of studies. Fat volume assessment was typically completed at the end of the study, occurring at less than 1 week to one year. Graft volume was quantified by weight (63%), usually in conjunction with another analysis. The results demonstrate the current heterogeneity of animal models in this research. We propose that the research community reach a consensus to allow better comparison of techniques and results. One example is the model used in our laboratory and others; this model is described in detail. Eventually, larger animal models may better translate to the human condition but, given increased financial costs and animal facility capability, should be explored when data obtained from small animal studies is exhausted or inconclusive.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2001

The cavities created by underground mining, if remained unfilled, can cause ground settlement and surface subsidence as a result of relaxation and breakdown of the carven roof. Construction of structures above the underground mine cavity will have serious problems concerning both structural stability and safely even if the cavity is back-filled. This study was conducted to confirm the location and condition of the cavern as well as the state of the back-fill in A mine area using core logging and borehole camera. The bearing capacity and other mechanical properties of the ground were also measured by the standard penetration test(SPT). Obtained data were used to assess the stability of the ground and the structures to be built by numerical analysis using FLAC. The site investigation results showed that the mine cavities were filled with materials such as boulder and silty sand(SM by unified classification). Result of the numerical analyses indicated that constructing building structures on the over-lying ground above the filled cavities is secure against the potential problems such as surface subsidence and ground settlement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.3-10
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• 2003

Soil and groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbon products is only one of many environmental problems in Korea. However, many environmental consulting companies have been targeted their business on this subject because the petroleum-oil-lubricant (POL) products have been widely used product and accidental releases of the products from storages resulted numerous small and large contaminated sites throughout Korea. Therefore, many small and large companies are actively participating in environmental assessment and remediation projects for the POL contaminated sites. Remedial technologies for the POL contaminated sites have been developed for many years by government and private institutions throughout the world. Development of a new decontamination technology for the POL contaminated sites is no longer attractive issue in research community because scientific bases of most cost-effective remedial technologies are well understood and have been used in the field by commercial sector. Numerous sites contaminated by underground tanks at gas stations have been remediated by relatively small companies in this country. We should appreciate their noticeable contributions as a frontier under very difficult market environment in Korea. We heard many successful stories as well as a few failure stories. Soil-groundwater remediation of POL contaminated site is not a simple task as shown in the text books or protocols. Therefore, failure risk is always with us, which requires continuous efforts for improvement of the technologies by the users and developers. In this presentation, author will discuss technical problems encountered and improvement made during implementation of several remedial technologies applied by Samsung Environmental Team. This is not a presentation about research or case study. We want to share our thought and experience with environmental engineers actively engaged in soil and groundwater remediation projects in Korea.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6551-6557
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• 2015

This paper discusses the surface roughness of corroded reinforcement rebar-in-coil focusing on the quantitative measurement technique using 3D scanner. Reinforcement rebar-in-coil was stacked in site for 0 day, 3 days, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days. And rebar-in-coil was corroded 0.04%, 0.3367%, 0.6157%, 0.7898%, and 1.1965% respectively. Using 3-dimensional scanner, each surface profile of reinforcement rebar-in-coil was established, and surface roughness was measured. Through the tests and analyses of corroded rebar-in-coil, the increase of fractal dimension for each rebar-in-coil was measured as 0.0216, 0.0235, 0.028, 0.0319, and 0.0455 for different stacked periods. Therefore, surface assessment technique using fractal dimension showed similar results with the actual corrosion rate.