• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.45-50
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• 1998

Tracheid length, microfibril angle, and compression strength were examined in south and north sides of Pinus koraiensis. The sample tree was 57 years old and had been planted in central Korea. Tracheid length on the south side of the tree ranged from 2.87 to 3.40mm and on the north ranged from 3.60 to 3.53mm and mean values were 3.15 mm for the south and 3.26mm for the north. Tracheid length was 0.11 mm longer on the north side than on the south. Microfibril angle on the south side ranged from $12.6^{\circ}$ to $20.3^{\circ}$ and that on the north from $6.8^{\circ}$ to $13.5^{\circ}$; mean values were $16.6^{\circ}$ on the south side and $9.6^{\circ}$ on the north. Microfibril angle was $7.0^{\circ}$ greater on the south side than on the north side. For compression strength on the south and north sides, significant difference at the 95% level was found only at l.3m above the ground level of the sample tree; for compression limit stress, significant difference at this level was found at 1.3 and 5.3m above the ground level. However, compression strength and compression limit stress were greater on the north side than on the south side.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.384-393
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• 2012

Railroad signaling systems perform controlling the distance and routes between trains. Signaling methods on the wayside are to control passively the train speed by using signal flags which are installed on the wayside. ATS(Automatic Train Stop) device is used as the signaling method on the wayside in Korea. The ATS device is assistance equipment of engineers. Signal information is transmitted by combining mutual inductance between the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver. The wayside transmitter performs changing oscillation frequency according to the signal information. The on-board receiver performs controlling the train by receiving the frequency. Currently, the oscillation frequency on the on-board receiver is 78[kHz] in case of normal state. When the on-board receiver is over the wayside transmitter, the oscillation frequency is changed by capacitors of the wayside transmitter according to signal flags. In case of changing the oscillation frequency, the waveform is modified in the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver. This phenomenon is that other signals or communication frequency are included. In this paper, electric model between the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver is suggested and frequency response in the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver including other signals is estimated by the coupling coefficient. Also, the value of coupling coefficient is proposed to exclude other signals and demonstrated by using Matlab and PSpice program.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.16-26
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• 1999

Five soil mixture with seven turfgrass species when placed over a plastic sheet were evaluated for influence on covering rate, visual rating, visual color and sad development. The result were as follows. 1. The last covering rate was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively while the early covering rate was high on sand+peat and on perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. respectively. 2. Both sand and sand+sandy loam caused poor effects on the covering rate and the visual rating. 3. The early growth was good on perennial ryegrass but the covering rate and the visual rating gradually turned poor because of summer drought. 4. Visual color was high on sand+bark and on Kentucky bluegrass, respectively. 5. Covering rate, visual rating and visual color was best evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass during winter. 6. Sad was highly developed on sand+bark and sand+peat as compared with on the other soil mixture. 7. The carpet-type sad was best developed on Kentucky bluegrass.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.199-203
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• 1983

The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil(Trodax) at a dose rate of 10mg/kg was tested in naturally infected Korean native goat (Black goat) against Fasciola hepatica, Eurythrema pancreaticum, and Paramphistomum sp. The drug was administered with injection subcutaneouslly and the efficiency was measured by faecal examination microscopically. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Fasciola hepatica was shown 33.3% on day 7, 88.9% on day 14 and 94.4% on day 28 after the administration of the drug, respectively. The reduction rates of egg per gram of faeces (E. P. G.) against Fasciola hepatica in faecal examination were shown 86.8% on day 7, 97.7% on day 14, and 99.7% on day 28 postmedication. 2. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Paramphistomum sp. was shown 0% on day 7, 10.5% on day 14, and 36.8% on day 28 after the administration of drug. The reduction rates of E. P. G. against the parasite were shown 13.2% on day 14, and 39.4% on day 28 postmedication. 3. The anthelmintic efficiency of nitroxynil against Eurythrema pancreaticum was shown 0% on day 7, 16.6% on day 14, and 25% on day 28 after the administration of the drug.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 1991

This experiment was conducted to determine optimal sowing date and method of Italian ryegrass(Lo1iuwr wzultiflorum. Tetrone) in paddy of Gyeong Nam area. Treatments given were four sowing dates(Sep. 30, Oct. 10, Oct. 20 and Oct. 30) and four sowing methods (broadcasting on tillage ridging, broadcasting on zerotillage ridging, boundless broadcasting and alternated drilling). The characteristics of growth, winter survival, yield(fresh and dry matter) and nutr~ent quality were observed. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Winter survival and yield components such as plant height, and number of stem were the highest due to higher survival tillers at the sown time of Sep. 30(p<. 05). 2. Plants sown on Sep. 30 showed the highest fresh and dry matter yield. Yield was decreased as delaying the date of sowing. Fresh and dry matter yield sown on Oct. 10, were obtained 7600 and 1100 kg, respectively, aftenvardly sign~ficantly decreased(p< .05). 3. Effect of sowing time and method on chemical composition were not recognized. 4. Winter surviva: sown on boundless-broadcasting was lower(p<. 05) than those of sown on broadcasting on ridging and alternated-drilling. 5. Fresh and dry matter y~elds were the highest when sown on broadcasting on tillage ridging but that of sown on houndless-broadcasting was relatively low. 6. The growth and forage yield were enhanced by sowing up to Oct. 10 and by sown on broadcasting on ridging (tillage or zerotillage).

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.57-69
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• 2008

The purpose of Environmental subject in the Korean school is pretty much similar to that of international organization. Because it doesn't apply the characteristics of School Education to environmental education, this school environmental education purpose needs to be discussed. The purpose of this study is to establish the reasonable purpose of school environmental education by analyzing the educational views. This study have been done through review of research literature, which usually includes references and papers on environmental education, school environmental education, educational point of view, educational purpose. It analyzed three kinds of views on education: technological view on education, initiation view on education, socialization view on education. The results are as follows: The purpose of school environmental education from technological view on education is environmental education activity itself that educates students to put the environmental preservation value into action. Initiation view on education aims at school environmental education as activities that instruct students on intellectual ability in order to develop a comprehensive view of intelligence. The purpose of environmental education in school on the basis of socialization view on education focuses on activities that authoritative teachers transmit the social value of environmental preservation to students in school.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2008

It has been reported that long-term exercise on a treadmill (running machine) may cause injury to the joints in a human's lower extremities. Previous works related to analysis of human walking motion are, however, mostly based on clinical statistics and experimental methodology. This paper proposes an analytical methodology. Specifically, this work deals with a comparison of normal walking on the ground and walking on a treadmill in regard to the external and internal impulses exerted on the joints of a human's lower extremities. First, a modeling procedure of impulses, impulse geometry, and impulse measure for the human lower extremity model will be briefly introduced and a new impulse measure for analysis of internal impulse is developed. Based on these analytical tools, we analyze the external and internal impulses through a planar 7-linked human lower extremity model. It is shown through simulation that the human walking on a treadmill exhibits greater internal impulses on the knee and ankle joints of the supporting leg when compared to that on the ground. In order to corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, a force platform was developed to measure the external impulses exerted on the ground for the cases of the normal walking and walking on the treadmill. It is shown that the experimental results correspond well to the simulation results.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1997

Ginseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is well-known oriental herbal medicine. The number of paper reporting the effects on its physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral effects has been increased every year, since ginsenosides isolated from ginseng are known to be biologically active components. This brief review summarizes some of new findings from recently published papers on ginsenosides or ginseng saponins. Therefore, this paper includes the various effects of ginsenosides on neuronal cell growths, on behavior of experimental animals, on enzyme activities, on the release and uptake of neurotransmitters, on neuronal cell excitability, on the motility of intestine, on antitumor activity, on cardiovascular system and metabolism. In spite of various effects of ginsenosides on various cells or organs, it is still to date impossible for one to clearly explain the exact mechanism on the action of ginsenosides. However, in this article I will discuss several papers providing possible explanations on the physiological and pharmacological actions including signal transudation pathway of ginsenosides. The elucidation of the exact mechanism of ginsenosides on cellular or molecular level will not only give us a chance to explain why people have used ginseng as an elixir of life for several thousands of year but also give us a crucial chance to apply ginseng to modern medicine.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.322-327
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• 2002

The effect of GnRH alone and concomitant with PMSG on the prevention of implantation. termination of pregnancy, and concentration of plasma progesterone were studied in pregnant rats. GnRH 50, 100 or 200 ug alone and concomitant with PMSG 25 or 50 IU were administered once on day 2 or 9 of gestation, respectively. Rats were autopsied on days 7 or 20. Administration of GnRH on day 2 did not result in the prevention of implantation and termination of pregnancy but resulted in termination of pregnancy administering on day 9. Administration of GnRM concomitant with PMSG on day 2 or 9 resulted in prevention of implantation and termination of pregnancy, but injection of GnRH 50 ug concomitant with PMSG 25 IU on day 9 had only one live fetus. Administration of GnRH alone and concomitant with PMSG on day 2 had no effect on the concentration of plasma progesterone determining on day 7. Administration of GnRH concomitant with PMSG on day 2 resulted in decrease of progesterone level determining on day 20 but GnRH alone was normal level. Administration of GnRH alone and concomitant with PMSG on day 9 resulted in decrease of the concentration of progesterone but was normal concentration administering GnRH 50 ug concomitant with PMSG 25 IU.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1223-1225
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of enlarging the breast by the B-secret I , II( vaccum vibrator) in women. This study was one group in a pre-test / post-test desgian with repeated measures. The experimental group of 30 patients were selected through sampling from L-oriental medicine in the P-city. The subjects received B-secret 1 , 11 ( vaccum vibrator) for 15 - 20minutes / 1 day during three months . All of the subjects were examined on the volume-size of the breast & the degree on the improvement. Prior and post surveys were measured before and after the experiment. The volume and size of the breast were measured the girth of the chest on the breast and below breast, the range on nipple and the middle point of the clavicle, the range on nipple and the middle point of the sternum, the range out of two nipple, the lineal and obligue line distance on nipple and the under crumples of breast, the height on the nipple and the under crumples of the breast, the diameter of the girth of nipple. As the effect on enlargement and the degree on the improvement of breast by B-secret 1 , 11 ( vaccum vibrator) were observed the girth of the chest on the breast, the range on nipple and the middle point of the clavicle, the range on nipple and the sternum, the height on the nipple and the under crumples of the breast.