• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1169-1174
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the biological effect of deer's antler velvet on the testicular toxicity of rats exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD ). Thirty male rats were divided into three equal groups. The control group received vehicle (DMSO/acetone/soybean oil mixture) and saline; single dose of 50 $/mu$g/kg body weight TCDD was injected intraperitoneally into the single TCDD-treated and test group. Test group received ethanol extract of antler velvet (EAV) at daily dose of 20 mg/kg body weight for 5 weeks from one week before TCDD exposure. Decrease in body weight increment was less remarkable in test group compared with that of TCDD-treated group. TCDD-induced decrease in testicular weight, microtubular diameter and Johnson's score, and lesion were significantly alleviated by the treatment of EAV. This result led us to the conclusion that antler velvet can attenuate TCDD-induced testicular toxicity in rats.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of spent bleaching clay(SBC) as an energy resource for meat type chicks. A total of one hundred twenty 1-d old broiler chicks(Han-hyop, No. 3) were divided into four groups and each group was assigned to one of the following diets: 0(T1), 2.0(T2), 4.0(T3) and $6.0\%$ SBC(T4). Each treatment had 3 replications of 10 birds. Before feeding experimental diets, they were fed a commercial diet for a week Body weight gain and feed intake tended to increase in T3 and T4, respectively. Feed efficiency(feed intake/ gain) tended to decrease in T3 compared to other groups. Fatty acid composition of breast and thigh meat was not significantly affected by feeding SBC. Utilization of dry matter, energy, crude protein and crude fat was lower in T4 than in the other groups during both starter and finisher periods(p<0.05). Crude ash utilization was not significantly affected by feeding dietary SBC. These results indicate that broiler diets may be supplemented with 2 to $4\%$ SBC without adverse effect on growth.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.445-455
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• 2014

The pear sucker (Cacopsylla pyricola) is the most important insect pest in Korea. The hatching rates of overwintered adults laid eggs were observed at 10, 13, 18, and $22^{\circ}C$. The liner model was draw as Y=0.00277X+0.00146(Y=developmental rate, X=temperature) about temperature and developmental rate to eggs. The developmental threshold temperature to eggs was assumed about $-0.83^{\circ}C$. The egg hatching timing over 50% as the accumulated temperature by day maximum temperature $6^{\circ}C$ over from 1st February in 2008, 2009 and 2011 was 429.7, 417.6, and 424.3 degree $^{\circ}C$, respectively, was 3 to 7days before full blooming in pear orchard. On the other hand, the abamectin 1.8EC, lime sulfer, machine oil and 13 kinds of eco-friendly materials were not shown the control effect to the eggs. To mixed stage of pear sucker, the eco-friendly materials over 90% control value were 4 kinds such as a mixture of Azadiractin A+B, Nimbin, Salanin, Meliantriol and Vepol after twice application as 21st May and 5th June in pear growing season, in 2012.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.38
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• pp.359-385
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• 2005

Red ocher, red lead or cinnabar has been as red colorant for ages. Cinnabar of the red pigments has been highly regarded as a valuable ingredient because it represent a symbol of exorcising and a haute image. It was used as a pigment of painting and mural painting, bowl, clothes, rock writing, gravestone, etc. It is powder which dissolves in perilla oil or glue before using. Because it is high-priced, the use of cinnabar may be limited to the privileged class. Therefore, red ocher or red lead was used instead of cinnabar. "Gongsagyunmunrok" demonstrated that government official's gravestonea has been painted red by two colorants in the period of the Goryeo dynasty. However, cinnabar may be used to paint gravestones for the first time in the period of the Three States because it has been transmitted since the times. This study discuss the results obtained from an analysis of the pigments used on the red pigments of the Stone Monuments. The results can be briefly summarized as below; First, the microcrystalline structures seen on the surface section of analyzed pigments, samples of which were taken from various parts of red pigments show that different sizes and shapes of pigment particle. Second, a result of the analysis on the composition and structure of the pigments shows that the main components in their composition are : Red pigments - Red lead($Pb_3O_4$), Cinnabar(HgS) and Hematite($Fe_2O_3$) White pigments - Calcite($CaCO_3$) Especially, we knew that red Stone Monuments were found to be natural mineral pigments, which were used as a singular or a mixture.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2020

In recent years, there is an increasing interest in environmental friendly treatment of waste-plastics in terms of the generation of microplastics. Accordingly, the recycling of waste-plastics is very important because it provides advantages of volume reduction, mitigation of carbon dioxide emission, and reproduction of value-added products. In particular, in order to recycle the eco-friendly waste-plastics, it is necessary to use a physical separation methods, and among them, flotation separation, which can separate material (i.e., polymer component) in waste-plastics is well known as a very effective separation method in terms of material recycle. Therefore, in this review, the research trend of flotation separation for effective separation of mixture waste-plastics was investigated. In addition, through the reported research results, approaches to use as new functional materials from polymers, which are raw materials for waste-plastics, are summarized.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2022

The ability of volatile components of essential oils (EO) from cinnamon, clove, and lemongrass to inhibit biofilms formed on polyethylene and stainless steel by six types of food poisoning bacteria was investigated. The main components of cinnamon EO were identified as cinnamaldehyde (38.30%), linalool (9.61%), β-caryophyllene (8.90%), and 1,3,4-eugenol (8.19%). 1,3,4-Eugenol (61.84%) was the dominant component of clove EO. The major component of lemongrass EO was citral. Citral is a natural mixture of two isomeric acyclic monoterpene aldehydes: geranial (trans-citral, 19.11%) and neral (cis-citral, 19.23%). Among these major compounds, cinnamaldehyde, linalool, eugenol, and citral exhibited comparatively strong antimicrobial activity in the disc diffusion assay. Treatments with 0.1% eugenol and citral were highly effective on biofilm inhibition on both tested surfaces. Cinnamaldehyde (0.1%) was effective against biofilm formation by Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19112 and Staphylococcus aureus KCCM 11812. These results suggested the potential of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, and citral treatments in inhibiting the formation of biofilms by food poisoning bacteria.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.60-65
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• 2022

This study presents the carburization process for recycling sludge, which was formed during silicon wafer machining. The sludge used in the carburization process is a mixture of silicon and silicon carbide (SiC) with iron as an impurity, which originates from the machine. Additionally, the sludge contains cutting oil, a fluid with high viscosity. Therefore, the sludge was dried before carburization to remove organic matter. The dried sludge was washed by acid cleaning to remove the iron impurity and subsequently carburized by heat treatment under vacuum to form the SiC powder. The ratio of silicon to SiC in the sludge was varied depending on the sources and thus carbon content was adjusted by the ratio. With increasing SiC content, the carbon content required for SiC formation increased. It was demonstrated that substoichiometric SiC_x (x<1) was easily formed when the carbon content was insufficient. Therefore, excess carbon is required to obtain a pure SiC phase. Moreover, size reduction by high-energy milling had a beneficial effect on the suppression of SiC_x, forming the pure SiC phase.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.898-907
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• 2003

Antioxidative function of uncooked powdered food (Sangsik) was evaluated in rats consuming nutritionally unbalanced diet including 1％ cholesterol, high proportion of animal lipids (lard : soybean oil : 8 . 2) , sub-optimal levels of vitamin and mineral mixture along with 0.5% ethanol in drinking water. The uncooked powdered food tested in the present study was a mixture composed of 42 kinds of plant foods (cereals, legumes, seaweeds, vegetables, and fruits) supplemented with vitamins and minerals, and dietary fiber. Control rats were fed the semi-purified diet based on the AIN-93G composition, and nutritionally unbalanced rats were divided into 3 groups, and fed one of the following diets with 0.5% ethanol in drinking water for 5 weeks : unbalanced control diet (UC) ,20% Sangsik powder supplemented diet (S20), and 40% Sangsik powder supplemented diet (S40) . Food efficiency ratio was significantly higher in rats fed S40 compared to the value for rats fed UC (p < 0.05). Hepatic level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly lower in rats fed UC compared to that for control rats (p < 0.05) , and was not influenced by dietary supplementation of the Sangsik powder. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher in rats fed UC compared to that for control rats (p < 0.05) , and significantly reduced in rats fed S20 or S40 compared to the value for unbalanced control rats. Feeding unbalanced control diet significantly reduced the ratio of hepatic GSH-Px ＋ catalase/SOD activities compared to the value for control rats, and this decrease in the ratio of antioxidant enzyme activities was reversed by adding the Sangsik powder to the diet at 20% (p <0.05) . Based on the results of antioxidant enzyme activities, feeding uncooked powdered diet appears to provide a favorable environment for body's antioxidative defense mechanism. Serum levels of Fe and Cu were significantly lower in rats fed the Sangsik powder supplemented diets compared to the value for unbalanced control rats (p < 0.05) , and levels of Se, Mn, and Zn were also tended to be decreased by dietary supplementation of the Sangsik powder. These results postulate the possibility that ingredients used in the uncooked powdered food may decrease the bioavailability of trace elements in rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.129-135
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• 1970

From the previous studies, F-P-4 formula was found to be comparable to full fat dry milk in its nutritive value and feeding performance. However, an attempt was made in order to make sure whether or not any possibility might exist, by which further improvement of nutritive quality and simultaneous reduction of product costs may be achieved. Using F-P-4 as a control, modifications were made in new formulas, F-P-5, F-P-6 and F-P-7 by reducing FPC, eliminating yeast from the mixture, and by enriching with methionine as needed. In particular, F-P-7 is completely free of FPC, hydrogenated oil and yeast. Yet, levels of total protein and fat were kept equal to those of F-P-4 in all formulas. An animal feeding test for all formulas using 10 female rats per group for 8 weeks and an infant feeding trial for F-P-5 and F-P-6 with 5 of each female infants under age of one for one month were conducted along with F-P-4 as a control. Almost the same results were obtained with F-P-4, 5 and 6, but F-P-7 showed the lowest body weight gain. FER of F-P-5 and 6 was 0.20 as was with F-P-4, while that of F-P-7 was 0.16. Acceptability to infants was excellent; growth, appearance and biochemical data were normal. As an example F-P-4 packed in 0.04mm polyethylene bags was used for storage study at $25^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $65{\sim}85%$ for 8 months. Although viable bacterial counts and vitamin C contents were reduced, peroxide and TBA values were increased gradually during such storage. Since there are also significant changes in color and organoleptic quality, the expected shelf life under the given conditions is considered to be about 2 months and thus further works are needed both on the product and packaging in order to improve the storage stability. Either elimination of yeast form F-P-4, that is F-P-5, or partial replacement of FPC with methionine, that is F-P-6 may well reduce material costs about 10%. Considering blending process of ingredients, F-P-5 is thus found to be the best formula developed. While F-P-7 free of FPC is inferior in its nutritive quality than that of others, but significantly superior than of rice. Furthermore, the material cost of the product can be reduced about 20% from that of F-P-4. And thus this vegetable blend is considered to be useful as a low cost supplementary food mixture for growing children.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.275-280
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• 2006

Effect of the various sources of dietary additives on growth, body composition and shell color of abalone Haliotis discus hannai was investigated for 16 weeks. Forty juvenile abalone averaging 13.5 g were randomly stocked into 21 of 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. Eight kinds of additives were prepared for this study: four commercially available microalgae [Haeatococcus (Hae), Isochrysis galbana (Iso), Shizochytrium (Sch) and Spirulina (Spi)], three crustacean meals [krill meal (KM), shrimp head meal (Shm) and red crab meal (Rcm)], and green tea by-product (Gre). In addition, dry sea tangle (Dst), Laminaria japonica, as a control, was prepared. Casein, dextrin and a mixture corn oil and fish oil was protein, carbohydrate and lipid sources, respectively, in the experimental diets. The 2% each additive was included into the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at the ratio of $1.5{\sim}2.0%$ total biomass of abalone with a little leftover throughout the 16-week feeding trial. Survival of abalone was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the experimental diets. However, weight gain of abalone fed the all experimental diets containing the various sources of additives was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the Dst diet. Weight gain of abalone fed the Spi diet was highest and Shi, KM and Iso diets in order. Shell length and the ratio of soft body weight to body weight of abalone was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the experimental diets. However, shell width of abalone fed the all experimental diets containing the various sources of additives was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the Dst diet. The shell color of abalone fed the Spi diet was improved the most distinctively and similar to that of natural abalone. Therefore, it can be concluded that the experimental diets with the various sources of additives (microalgae and crustacean meals) was effective to improve growth of abalone and dietary inclusion of Spirulina was most effective to improve shell color of abalone.