Journal of Aquaculture (한국양식학회지)

The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science (한국양식학회)
권호 표지

Effect of the Various Sources of Dietary Additives on Growth, Body Composition and Shell Color of Abalone Haliotis discus hannai

다양한 원료의 사료첨가제가 전복의 성장, 체조성 및 패각 색채에 미치는 영향

  • Cho, Sung-Hwoan (Division of Marine Environment & BioScience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Park, Jung-Eun (Korea Aquaculture Institute) ;
  • Kim, Chung-Il (Division of Marine Environment & BioScience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University) ;
  • Yoo, Jin-Hyung (Jeilfeed Co. Ltd.) ;
  • Lee, Sang-Min (Faculty of Marine Bioscience & Technology, Kangnung National University) ;
  • Choi, Cheol-Young (Division of Marine Environment & BioScience, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea Maritime University)
  • 조성환 (한국해양대학교 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 박정은 ((주)한국양식개발연구소) ;
  • 김충일 (한국해양대학교 해양환경생명과학부) ;
  • 유진형 (천하제일사료) ;
  • 이상민 (강릉대학교 해양생명공학부) ;
  • 최철영 (한국해양대학교 해양환경생명과학부)
  • Published : 2006.11.25
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Effect of the various sources of dietary additives on growth, body composition and shell color of abalone Haliotis discus hannai was investigated for 16 weeks. Forty juvenile abalone averaging 13.5 g were randomly stocked into 21 of 50 L plastic rectangular containers each. Eight kinds of additives were prepared for this study: four commercially available microalgae [Haeatococcus (Hae), Isochrysis galbana (Iso), Shizochytrium (Sch) and Spirulina (Spi)], three crustacean meals [krill meal (KM), shrimp head meal (Shm) and red crab meal (Rcm)], and green tea by-product (Gre). In addition, dry sea tangle (Dst), Laminaria japonica, as a control, was prepared. Casein, dextrin and a mixture corn oil and fish oil was protein, carbohydrate and lipid sources, respectively, in the experimental diets. The 2% each additive was included into the experimental diets. The experimental diets were fed to abalone once a day at the ratio of $1.5{\sim}2.0%$ total biomass of abalone with a little leftover throughout the 16-week feeding trial. Survival of abalone was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the experimental diets. However, weight gain of abalone fed the all experimental diets containing the various sources of additives was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the Dst diet. Weight gain of abalone fed the Spi diet was highest and Shi, KM and Iso diets in order. Shell length and the ratio of soft body weight to body weight of abalone was not significantly (P>0.05) affected by the experimental diets. However, shell width of abalone fed the all experimental diets containing the various sources of additives was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of abalone fed the Dst diet. The shell color of abalone fed the Spi diet was improved the most distinctively and similar to that of natural abalone. Therefore, it can be concluded that the experimental diets with the various sources of additives (microalgae and crustacean meals) was effective to improve growth of abalone and dietary inclusion of Spirulina was most effective to improve shell color of abalone.

카제인과 덱스트린 및 대두유와 어유의 혼합유를 주요 단백질과 탄수화물 및 지질원으로 구성한 전복용 배합사료에 다양한 microalgae (Haeatococccus, Isochrysis galbana, Shizochytrium)와 갑각류성 기원의 첨가제(krill meal, shrimp head meal, red crab meal) 및 녹차부산물을 각각 2% 첨가한 실험사료를 준비하여 16주간 전복에게 공급하여 주었다. 그리고 다시마를 공급한 실험구를 대조구로 두었다. 실험 종료시 전복의 생존율은 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 사료 첨가제를 첨가한 모든 실험사료에서 전복의 체중증가량은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 유의적으로 우수하였다. 전복의 체중 증가량은 Spirulina, Shizochytrium 및 Isochrysis의 순으로 우수하였다. 전복의 체장 및 체중에 대한 가식부의 중량 비는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 그러나 체폭은 다시마를 공급한 실험구에 비하여 첨가제를 첨가한 모든 실험구에서 유의적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 전복 패각의 색채 개선효과는 Spirulina 첨가구에서 가장 뚜렷하였다. 실험사료내 다양한 microalge와 갑각류성 기원의 사료첨가제는 전복의 성장을 효율적으로 개선시켰으며, 사료내 Spirulina의 첨가는 전복 패각 색채 개선에 가장 효과적이었다.

Keywords

References

  1. AOAC. 1990. Official Methods of Analysis, 15th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA
  2. Bautista-Teruel, M. N., A. C. Fermin and S. S. Koshio, 2003. Diet development and evaluation for juvenile abalone, Haliotis asinina: animal and plant protein sources. Aquaculture, 219, 645-653 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(02)00410-6
  3. Chien, Y. and W. Shiau, 2005. The effects of dietary supplementation of algae and synthetic astaxanthin on body astaxanthin, survival, growth, and low dissolved oxygen stress resistance of kuruma prawn, Marsupenaeus japonicus Bate. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 318, 201-211 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2004.12.016
  4. Choubert, G. and O. Heinrich, 1993. Caroteonoid pigments of the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis: assay on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, pigmentation in comparison with synthetic astaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Aquaculture, 112, 217-226 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90447-7
  5. Choubert, G., M. M. Mendes-Pinto and R. Morais, 2006. Pigmentation efficacy of astaxanthin fed to rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: Effect of dietary astaxanthin and lipid sources. Aquaculture, 257, 429-436 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.055
  6. Duncan, D. B., 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11, 1-42 https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
  7. Fox, C. J., P. Blow, J. H. Brown and I. Watson, 1994. The effect of various processing methods on the physical and biochemical properties of shrimp head meals and their utilization by juvenile Penaeus monodon Fab. Aquaculture, 122, 209-226 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(94)90511-8
  8. Gomes, E., J. Dias, P. Silva, L. Valente, J. Gouveia, L. Bowen and W. Young, 2002. Utilization of natural and synthetic sources of carotenoids in the skin colouration of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Eur. Food Res. Technol., 214, 83-293 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-001-0421-x
  9. Gouveia, L., P. Rema, O. Pereira and J. Empis, 2003. Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass. Aquacult. Nutr., 9, 123-129 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2095.2003.00233.x
  10. Kalinowski, C. T., L E. Robaina, H. Fernandez-Palacios, D. Schuchardt and M. S. Izquierdo, 2005. Effect of different carotenoid sources and their dietary levels on red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) growth and skin color. Aquaculture, 244, 223-231 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.001
  11. KNSO. 2005. Korea National Statistical Office. KOSIS Statistical DB, DaeJeon, Korea
  12. Lee, S.M. and H. G. Park, 1998. Evaluation of dietary lipid sources for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquaculture 11, 381-390
  13. Lee, S. M., S. J. Yun and S. B. Hur, 1998a. Evaluation of dietary protein sources for abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquaculture, 11, 19-29
  14. Lee, S. M., Y. Lim, Y. B. Moon, S. K. Yoo and S. Rho, 1998b. Effects of supplemental macroalgae and Spirulina in the diets on growth performance in juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquaculture, 11, 31-38
  15. Lee, S. M., S. J. Yun, K. S. Min and S. K. Yoo, 1998c. Evaluation of dietary carbohydrate sources for juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquaculture, 11, 133-140
  16. Lim, T. and S. M. Lee. 2003. Effect of dietary pigment sources on the growth and shell color of abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). J. Aquaculture, 36, 601-605 https://doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2003.36.6.601
  17. Lu, J., T. Takeuchi and H. Satoh, 2006. Ingestion, assimilation and utilization of raw Spirulina by larval tilapia Oreochromis niloticus during larval development. Aquaculture, 254, 686-692 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.002
  18. Mai, K., J. P. Mercer and J. Donlon, 1995a. Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. III. Responses of abalone to various levels of dietary lipid. Aquaculture, 134, 65-80 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)00043-2
  19. Mai, K., J. P. Mercer and J. Donlon, 1995b. Comparative studies on the nutrition of two species of abalone, Haliotis tuberculata L. and Haliotis discus hannai Ino. IV. Optimum dietary protein level for growth. Aquaculture, 136, 165-180 https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(95)01041-6
  20. Rico-Villa, B., J. R. Le Coz, C. Mingant and R. Robert, 2006. Influence of phytoplankton diet mixtures on microalgae consumption, larval development and settlement of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture, 256, 377-388 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.02.015
  21. Tang, B., B. Liu, G. Wang, T. Zhang and J. Xiang, 2006. Effects of various algal diets and starvation on larval growth and survival of Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture, 254, 526-533 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.11.012
  22. Uki, N., A. Kemuyama and T. Watanabe, 1986a. Optimum protein level in diets for abalone. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 52, 1005. 1012 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.52.1005
  23. Uki, N., M. Sugiura and T. Watanabe, 1986b. Requirement of essential fatty acids in the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Bull. Jpn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 52, 1013-1023 https://doi.org/10.2331/suisan.52.1013
  24. Watanuki, H., K. Ota, A. C. M. A. R. Tassakka, T. Kato and M. Sakai, 2006. Immunostimulant effects of dietary Spirulina platensis on carp, Cyprinus carpio. Aquaculture, 258, 157-163 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2006.05.003
  25. Williams, K. C., D. M. Smith, M. C. Barclay, S. J. Tabrett and G. Riding, 2005. Evidence of a growth factor in some crustaceanbased feed ingredients in diets for the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 250, 377-390 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.04.002
  26. Wu, S., S. Yu and L. Lin, 2005. Effect of culture conditions on docosahexaenoic acid production by Shizochytrium sp. S31. Process Biochem., 40, 3103-3108 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2005.03.007
  27. 케이비에스 한국색채연구소, 1991. (실용)한국표준색표집: 유광판. KBS 문화사업단. 서울. 한국. 41 pp