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The Effect of Women′s Life-Style on Image Evaluation and Selection in Clothing Styles (라이프스타일이 의복스타일 이미지평와 선택에 미치는 영향)

  • 류숙희;김보연
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.227-238
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of women's life-style on image evaluation of clothing styles, and on their selection of clothing styles by situations. The subject of investigation was 441 women above 20 living in Daegu. 6 types of clothing styles including classic, casual, elegant, dramatic, romantic, and mannish and 7 social situations including shopping near house, shopping in a busy street, cultural center, wedding ceremony, eating out, alumni meeting or fraternity meeting, and couples meeting were used for this study. Data analysis was performed using SPSS package, which included factor analysis, reliability test, cluster analysis, frequency, percentage, ANOVA, and $\chi$$^2$-test. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Adult women could be classified into 5 groups including activist, in-activist, the leisured well-off, the wholesomely economical, and the appearance showing-off by their life-styles. 2. The clothing image according to the 6 clothing styles was different. In the image evaluation of each clothing style by life-style groups, in-active group thought classic style most functional and leisured well-off group, mannish style. Elegant style and dramatic style were estimated positively by the leisured well-off and the appearance showing-off. 3. Selection of clothing style differed according to situations. More formal the situation was, more formal style tended to be selected and for less formal situation, active and mannish style was selected.

Design and Fabrication of an Off-axis Elliptical Zone Plate in Visible Light

  • Anh, Nguyen Nu Hoang;Rhee, Hyug-Gyo;Kang, Pilseong;Ghim, Young-Sik
    • Current Optics and Photonics
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.44-50
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    • 2022
  • An off-axis zone plate is able to focus on a single order while neglecting the zeroth order in a visible imaging system. This allows one to enhance the contrast quality in diffractive images, which is the major advantage of this type of zone plate. However, most previous reflection zone plates are used in focusing X-rays with a small grazing incident angle and are intricately designed with the use of a local grating period. In this study, we suggest the design of an off-axis elliptical zone plate (EZP) that is used to focus a monochromatic light beam with separation between the first and unfocused orders under a large grazing incident angle of 45°. An assumption using the total grating period, which depends on the average and constant grating period, is proposed to calculate the desired distance between the first and zeroth order and to simplify the construction of a novel model off-center EZP. Four diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with different parameters were subsequently fabricated by direct laser lithography and then verified using a performance evaluation system to compare the results from the assumption with the experimental results.

The Effect of PET Scan Time on the Off-Line PET Image Quality in Proton Therapy (양성자 치료에서 영상 획득 시간에 따른 Off Line PET의 효율성 검증)

  • Hong, Gun-Chul;Jang, Joon-Yung;Park, Se-Joon;Cha, Eun-Sun;Lee, Hyuk
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.74-79
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    • 2017
  • Purpose Proton therapy can deliver an optimal dose to tumor while reducing unnecessary dose to normal tissue as compared the conventional photon therapy. As proton beams are irradiated into tissue, various positron emitters are produced via nuclear fragmentation reactions. These positron emitters could be used for the dose verification by using PET. However, the short half-life of the radioisotopes makes it hard to obtain the enough amounts of events. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of off-line PET imaging scan time on the PET image quality. Materials and Methods The various diameters of spheres (D=37, 28, 22 mm) filled with distilled water were inserted in a 2001 IEC body phantom. Then proton beams (100 MU) were irradiated into the center of the each sphere using the wobbling technique with the gantry angle of $0^{\circ}$. The modulation widths of the spread out bragg peak were 16.4, 14.7 and 9.3 cm for the spheres of 37, 28 and 22 mm in diameters respectively. After 5 min of the proton irradiation, the PET images of the IEC body phantom were obtained for 50 min. The PET images with different time courses (0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min) were obtained by dividing the frame with a duration of 10 min. In order to evaluate the off-line PET image quality with the different time courses, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the PET image calculated for each sphere. Results The CNRs of the sphere (D=37 mm) were 0.43, 0.42, 0.40, 0.31 and 0.21 for the time courses of 0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min respectively. The CNRs of the sphere (D=28 mm) were 0.36, 0.32, 0.27, 0.19 and 0.09 for the time courses of 0-10 min, 11-20 min, 21-30 min, 31-40 min and 41-50 min respectively. The CNR of 37 mm sphere was decreased rapidly after 30 min of the proton irradiation. In case of the spheres of 28 mm and 22 mm, the CNR was decreased drastically after 20 min of the irradiation. Conclusion The off-line PET imaging time is an important factor for the monitoring of the proton therapy. In case of the lesion diameter of 22 mm, the off-line PET image should be obtained within 25 min after the proton irradiation. When it comes to small size of tumor, the long PET imaging time will be beneficial for the proton therapy treatment monitoring.

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Electron beam scattering device for FLASH preclinical studies with 6-MeV LINAC

  • Jeong, Dong Hyeok;Lee, Manwoo;Lim, Heuijin;Kang, Sang Koo;Lee, Sang Jin;Kim, Hee Chang;Lee, Kyohyun;Kim, Seung Heon;Lee, Dong Eun;Jang, Kyoung Won
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • v.53 no.4
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    • pp.1289-1296
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    • 2021
  • In this study, an electron-scattering device was fabricated to practically use the ultra-high dose rate electron beams for the FLASH preclinical research in Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences. The Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences has been involved in the investigation of linear accelerators for preclinical research and has recently implemented FLASH electron beams. To determine the geometry of the scattering device for the FLASH preclinical research with a 6-MeV linear accelerator, the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code was exploited. By employing the fabricated scattering device, the off-axis and depth dose distributions were measured with radiochromic films. The generated mean energy of electron beams via the scattering device was 4.3 MeV, and the symmetry and flatness of the off-axis dose distribution were 0.11% and 2.33%, respectively. Finally, the doses per pulse were obtained as a function of the source to surface distance (SSD); the measured dose per pulse varied from 4.0 to 0.2 Gy/pulse at an SSD range of 20-90 cm. At an SSD of 30 cm with a 100-Hz repetition rate, the dose rate was 180 Gy/s, which is sufficient for the preclinical FLASH studies.

Occurrence of Eggs and Larvae of Blackfin Flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri (Pleuronectidae, Pisces) off Wangdol-cho, East Sea (동해 왕돌초 주변해역에서 기름가자미 Glyptocephalus stelleri (가자미과, 어상강) 어란과 자어 출현)

  • Lee, Hae Won;Lee, Soo Jeong;Yang, Jae Hyung;Lee, Jae Bong;Cha, Hyung Kee;Kim, Jin-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.47 no.5
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    • pp.654-658
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    • 2014
  • We report the first identification of a spawning ground of the blackfin flounder Glyptocephlaus stelleri near the Wangdol-cho sea mountains, located in the southern East Sea. Eggs and larval fish of G. stelleri were collected during April and June, 2014, when an abundance of eggs was found in the southern area of Wangdol-cho. Our findings suggest that G. stelleri prefers to spawn in the vicinity of the off-shore sea mountains, where the temperature is between 10 and $12^{\circ}C$ and the water depth is 100 m, rather than inshore.

Seasonal Variation of Ichthyoplankton off Dokdo in the East Sea (독도 주변해역 자치어 종조성의 계절변동)

  • Lee, Hae-Won;Ryu, Jung-Hwa;Hong, Byung-Kyu;Sohn, Myong-Ho;Chun, Young-Yull;Kim, Jin-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.43 no.6
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    • pp.751-755
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    • 2010
  • To understand the function of nursery grounds, the seasonal variation of ichthyoplankton was investigated in the East Sea, off Dokdo, from September 2009 to May 2010. The dominant species was Engraulis japonicus (92.7%), which occurred in May and September. The next abundant species was Maurolicus japonicus (5.7%), found in all four seasons. Several rare warm-water species were found in September and November, when the species diversity was higher than in the other two seasons. Several fish species used Dokdo as a nursery ground for a restricted season, while M. japonicus used it in all four seasons.

Fabrication and Biomaterial Characteristics of HA added Ti-Nb-HA Composite Fabricated by Rapid Sintering (급속소결에 의한 HA가 첨가된 Ti-Nb-HA 복합재료의 제조 및 생체재료 특성)

  • Woo, Kee Do;Kim, Sang Hyck;Kim, Ji Young;Park, Sang Hoon
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.86-91
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    • 2012
  • Ti-6Al-4V extra low interstitial (ELI) alloy has been widely used as an orthopedic implant material because of its excellent biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, V-free titanium alloys such as Ti-6%Al-7%Nb and Ti-5%Al-2.5%Fe have recently been developed because of the toxicity of V. Hydroxyapatite (HA) is used as a coating material on Ti or Ti biomaterials due to its good biocompatibility. However, HA coated on Ti alloy causes a problem for tissue by peeling off during usage. Therefore, such peeling off during long time usage can be suppressed by adding HA in Ti or Ti alloy composites. The aim of this study was to manufacture an ultra fine grained (UFG) Ti-Nb-HA bulk alloy, which is usually difficult to fabricate using melting and casting technology, by rapid sintering process using high energy mechanical milled (HEMM) powder.

Study of Composite channel Structure of Metamorphic HEMT for the Improved Device Characteristics (기존의 MHEMT와 InP 합성 채널 MHEMT의 소자의 항복 특성 분석 및 비교 연구)

  • Choi, Seok-Gyu;Baek, Yong-Hyun;Han, Min;Bang, Seok-Ho;Yoon, Jin-Seob;Rhee, Jin-Koo
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.44 no.12
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2007
  • In this study, we have performed the channel modification of the conventional MHEMT (metamorphic high electron mobility transistor) to improve the breakdown characteristics. The Modified channel consists of the InxGal-xAs channel and the InP sub channel instead of the InxGa1-xAs channel. Since InP has the lower impact ionization coefficient in comparison with In0.53Ga0.47As, we have adopted the InP-composite channel in the modified MHEMT. We have investigated the breakdown mechanism and the RF characteristics for the conventional and the InP- composite channel MHEMTs. From the measurement results, we have obtained the enhanced on and off-state breakdown voltages of 2.4 and 5.7 V, respectively. Also, the increased RF characteristics have brought about the decreased output conductance for the InP-composite channel MHEMT. The cut-off frequency (fT) and the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) for the InP-composite Channel MHEMT were 160 GHz and 230 GHz, respectively. It has been shown that the InP-composite channel MHEMT has the potential applications for the millimeter wave power device.

Cut-off Value for Body Mass Index in Predicting Surgical Success in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis

  • Azimi, Parisa;Yazdanian, Taravat;Shahzadi, Sohrab;Benzel, Edward C.;Azhari, Shirzad;Aghaei, Hossein Nayeb;Montazeri, Ali
    • Asian Spine Journal
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.1085-1091
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    • 2018
  • Study Design: Case-control. Purpose: To determine optimal cut-off value for body mass index (BMI) in predicting surgical success in patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Overview of Literature: BMI is an essential variable in the assessment of patients with LSCS. Methods: We conducted a prospective study with obese and non-obese LSCS surgical patients and analyzed data on age, sex, duration of symptoms, walking distance, morphologic grade of stenosis, BMI, postoperative complications, and functional disability. Obesity was defined as BMI of ${\geq}30kg/m^2$. Patients completed the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) questionnaire before surgery and 2 years after surgery. Surgical success was defined as ${\geq}30%$ improvement from the baseline ODI score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to estimate the optimal cut-off values of BMI to predict surgical success. In addition, correlation was assessed between BMI and stenosis grade based on morphology as defined by Schizas and colleague in total, 189 patients were eligible to enter the study. Results: Mean age of patients was $61.5{\pm}9.6years$. Mean follow-up was $36{\pm}12months$. Most patients (88.4%) were classified with grades C (severe stenosis) and D (extreme stenosis). Post-surgical success was 85.7% at the 2-year follow-up. A weak correlation was observed between morphologic grade of stenosis and BMI. Rates of postoperative complications were similar between patients who were obese and those who were non-obese. Both cohorts had similar degree of improvement in the ODI at the 2-year followup. However, patients who were non-obese presented significantly higher surgical success than those who were obese. In ROC curve analysis, a cut-off value of ${\leq}29.1kg/m^2$ for BMI in patients with LSCS was suggestive of surgical success, with 81.1% sensitivity and 82.2% specificity (area under the curve, 0.857; 95% confidence interval, 0.788-0.927). Conclusion: This study showed that the BMI can be considered a parameter for predicting surgical success in patients with LSCS and can be useful in clinical practice.

Study of a Durability Test for Single-input Multi-output Power Take-off Gearboxes (단일입력 다출력 PTO 기어박스의 내구성시험에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Yong Bum;Yoo, Han Ju
    • Journal of Drive and Control
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.29-34
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    • 2017
  • This study analyzed a life test method for a power take-off (PTO) gearbox. An engine transfers mechanical power (rotation and torque) to a hydraulic pump through a PTO Gearbox with one input shaft and three output shafts. PTO gear box durability under high loads over long time periods was tested using dynamometers. In order to reflect the rated operating conditions, power must be distributed to each output shaft, and experiments were conducted under various conditions to verify the characteristics of the distributed power. An accelerated life test was designed using speed and torque as acceleration factors. Also, efficiency tests were conducted under various load conditions. Also, a lubrication oil composition analysis was performed to analyze gearbox wear status.