• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.1 s.33
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• pp.57-69
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• 1991

This study examined the cross-sectional association of central body fat distribution with hypertension as well as the superiority of medial calf skinfold measured as peripheral fat distribution over the conventional triceps skinfold using 450 Korean Navy divers selected by authors' convenience in 1990. Their mean age was 27.9 and range of it was 19-51. The centrally located body fat was approximated by subscapular skinfold and peripherally located fat by triceps and medial calf skinfolds. Four indices were constructed from these skinfold measures to reflect central versus peripheral fat distribution pattern : 2 ratios and 2 differences. After controlling age and overall obesity (body mass index), prevalance odds ratios of the 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 quartiles of subscapular skinfold comparing with lowest 1/4 quartile were 2.05(95% confidence interval, CI 1.18-3.59), 2.02(95% CI 1.06-3.86), 4.00 (95% CI 1.99-8.06) respectively. The difference of subscapular and medial calf skinfolds was associated with hypertension (odds ratio 2.45, 95% CI 1.28-4.68 comparing highest with lowest quartiles). Triceps and medial calf skinfolds alone did not show any odds ratio not including unity. The adjusted odds ratios were generally reduced in small magnitude compared with crude odds ratios not adjusted for age and overall obesity. The medial calf skinfold appeared to be more representative of peripheral body fat distribution than triceps skinfold. These findings suggest that central fat distribution rather than peripheral distribution is associated with hypertension independent of age and overall level of obesity and medial calf skinfold may replace conventional triceps skinfold in predicting peripheral distribution of body fat.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.83-104
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• 2019

Elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and metabolic syndrome are considered important predictors of cardiovascular mortality. This study examined the influence of the alcohol consumption level on the hs-CRP level and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in South Koreans. The study subjects were 3,884 participants (${\geq}19$ years) from the KNHANES in 2015. The subjects were divided into four groups according to their alcohol consumption; None (none-alcohol consumption), Low (less than 15 g/day), Medium (15~29.9 g/day), and High (over than 30 g/day). The odds ratio for high-risk hs-CRP of men was significantly lower in the Low or Medium groups compared to the None group. In women, the odds ratio for high-risk hs-CRP was not decreased in the Low or Medium groups but was significantly higher in the High group than in the None group. Compared to nondrinkers, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was lower in the Low group and Medium group in both men and women, whereas it was significantly higher in the High group in men only. In particular, the prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol was lower in all drinking groups. When the confounding factors were adjusted, the odds ratio for low HDL-cholesterol appeared to decline in the Low groups in both men and women. On the other hand, in the Medium group, women showed an elevated odds ratios of high blood pressure (HBP) and high fasting plasma glucose but men showed an elevated odds ratios of HBP and high triglyceride levels. The overall results suggest that low alcohol consumption is more appropriate than medium alcohol consumption. Nevertheless, more study will be needed to evaluate the appropriate alcohol consumption level.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6243-6247
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• 2015

Background: Thyroid cancer (TC) is a more common endocrine malignancy in females and is a major cause of death in developing countries. Therefore the aim of this study was to explore possible risk factors of thyroid cancer in females of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: This study covered 232 females, including 127 (54.7%) cases and 105 (45.2%) controls, from the INMOL Hospital and Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Different risk factors were explored by the descriptive and inferentially statistics. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for different risk factors were computed using logistic regression. Results: The results showed six risk factors, marital status, family history of thyroid cancer, iodine in the diet, oxidative stress, fast food and fried food, to demonstrate positive significant links to thyroid cancer (odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of :2.152, 1.104-4.198; 2.630, 1.416-4.887; 2.391, 1.282-4.458; 4.115, 2.185-7.750; 3.656, 1.851-7.223; 2.357, 1.268-4.382; and 2.360, 1.199-4.643, respectively). Conclusions: The Oxidative stress, marital status, family history of cancer, fast food, use of iodine diet and fried food are the risk factors of thyroid cancer in females.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.295-301
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• 2019

This study evaluated the relationship between drinking and smoking and periodontal disease in Korean elderly people using 2013-2015 National Health and Nutrition Survey. (OR) 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-2.24) than the non - alcoholic and non - smoking groups. The odds ratios were significantly higher. The odds ratios of periodontal disease were significantly higher in the elderly who were drinking and smoking at the same time than those who did not drink or smoke at all. This study confirms that drinking and smoking are significantly related to periodontal disease. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen drinking and smoking cessation education to maintain oral health of the elderly.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in Korean adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The subjects were 3,634 adults, and data were extracted from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3). A complex sampling design analysis was applied to reflect the stratified and clustered weights. The data were analyzed using the complex sample Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis (in SPSS for Windows version 26.0). Obesity, according to body mass index (BMI), was defined as obesity (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m²), high obesity (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m²), and super-high obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²), and abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in males and WC ≥ 85 cm in females. Results: The odds ratios for moderate CVD risk (hs-CRP; 1-3 mg/dL) were 2.21, 4.16, and 7.13 in the obesity, high obesity, and super-high obesity groups, respectively, compared to the normal BMI group. The odds ratio for moderate CVD risk was 2.18 in males with AO and 1.88 in females with AO. The odds ratios for high CVD risk (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) were 4.40 and 17.55 in the high obesity and super-high obesity groups, respectively, compared to the normal BMI group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that early detection and prevention programs for CVD should include obesity-related interventions aiming to modulate hs-CRP.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.225-238
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• 2021

The ROC, TOC, and TROC curves, which are visually descriptive methods of exploring the performance of the binary classification model, are implemented with TP, TN, FP, FN which consist of the confusion matrix, as well as their ratios TPR, TNR, FPR, FNR. In this study, we consider two types odds and then propose an odds curve representing these odds. And show the relationship between the odds curve and ROC curve. Based on the odds curve, we propose not only two statistics that measure the discriminant power of the odds curve but also the criteria for validation ratings of the odds curve. According to the shape of the odds curves, two classification distributions can be estimated and a criterion for validation ratings can be determined. The odds curve can be meaningfully used like other visual methods, and two kinds of measures for the discriminant power can be also applied together as an alternative criterion.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3105-3108
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• 2013

Background: This study used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III to study the relationship between blood lead concentration and all cause, all cancer and lung cancer mortality in adults. Patients and Methods: Public use National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) data were used. NHANES III uses stratified, multistage probabilistic methods to sample nationally representative samples. Household adult, laboratory and mortality data were merged. Sample persons who were available to be examined in aMobile Examination Center (MEC) were included in this study. Specialized survey analysis software was used. Results: A total of 3,482 sample participants with complete information for all variables were included in this analysis. For all cause death, the odds ratios (S.E.) for statistically significant variables were body mass index, 1.03 (1.01-1.06); 1.01 (1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.05 (1.01-1.08); poverty income ratio, 0.823 (0.76-0.89); and drinking hard liquor, 1.01 (1.00-1.02). For all cancer mortality, the odds ratios (S.E.) of the statistically signigicant variables were: age, 1.01 (1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.07 (1.04-1.12), black race, using non-Hispanic white as reference, 1.69 (1.12-2.56); and smoking, 1.02 (1.01-1.04). For lung cancer mortality, the odds ratios (S.E.) of the statistically significant variables were: age, 1.01(1.01-1.01); blood lead concentration, 1.09 (1.05-1.13); Mexican Americans, using non-Hispanic white as refrence, 0.33 (0.129-0.850); other races, 1.80 (0.53-6.18); and smoking, 1.03 (1.02-1.05). Conclusion: Blood lead concentration correlated with all cause, all cancer, and lung cancer mortality in adults.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relation of the unhealthy eating habit of high school students in Seoul with their school types. Methods: In cross-sectional study, secondary data was used, representative sample of 7,284 subjects, high school students in Seoul. Consumption rates of Ramyun, Fast-food, and a breakfast-skipping rate were compared by the gender, grade, and school type. Descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ analysis, correlation, and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on the breakfast-skipping were 1.25 times higher in the 11th grade, 1.26 times in the 12th grade (reference: 10th grade), 1.21 times in school for both gender (reference: only male gender), 2.63 times in the general high school, 4.82 times in the vocational (reference: the autonomous private). The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on frequent Ramyun intake were 2.10 times in male, 1.79 times in both gender (reference: only male gender), 2.01 times in the general high school, vocational 5.26 times (reference: the autonomous private). The odds ratios (OR) of associated factors on frequent Fast-food intake were 1.89 times in school for both gender (reference: only male gender), 3.93 times in the vocational high school (reference: the autonomous private). Conclusion: Students of the vocational high school than those of the autonomous private had more and more the breakfast-skipping rate, and had more consumption rates of Ramyun and Fast-food. Therefore, in order to improve these problems, intervention for students, diversified school health policy as well as health education to right food intake consumption are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify differences in characteristics of the people who frequently drink alone between those in old-city regions and those in other regions in Busan, focusing on socio-demographic factors and the level of drinking according to the types of stress. Methods: The analysis confirmed the differences based on Busan Social Statistics Data in 2012, 2014, and 2016. Frequencies by each variable were presented, and ${\chi}^2$ and logistic regression analysis were also used in the analysis. Results: The residents of Busan showed higher odds ratios of "frequent drinking alone" when they felt considerably higher-than-normal levels of stress. In addition, in the residents of old-city regions, the odds ratios of those who frequently drank alone were not different between people who could easily relieve stress, who experienced economic stress, or who had relationship stress and people who did not. However, higher odds ratios of frequently drinking alone were reported when such participants felt some stress related to work, family, relationships, and so on. Conclusions: Interventions for the appropriate relief of stress caused by different reasons, as well as other stress-relieving methods, should be implemented for the people's benefits.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.27.1-27.12
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• 2020

The prevalence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (EOT2D) is increasing in Asian countries. Genome-wide association studies performed in European and various other populations have identified associations of numerous variants with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, the genetic component of EOT2D which is still unexplored could have similarities with late-onset type 2 diabetes. Here in the present study we aim to identify the association of variants with EOT2D in South Indian population. Twenty-five variants from 18 gene loci were genotyped in 1,188 EOT2D and 1,183 normal glucose tolerant subjects using the MassARRAY technology. We confirm the association of the HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this South Indian population and also the association of CDKN2A/2B (rs7020996) and TCF7L2 (rs4506565) with EOT2D. Logistic regression analyses of the TCF7L2 variant rs4506565(A/T), showed that the heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'T' have odds ratios of 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.83; p = 0.001) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.18 to 2.28; p = 0.006) respectively, relative to AA homozygote. For the HHEX variant rs1111875 (T/C), heterozygous and homozygous carriers for allele 'C' have odds ratios of 1.13 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.42; p = 0.27) and 1.58 (95% CI, 1.17 to 2.12; p = 0.003) respectively, relative to the TT homozygote. For CDKN2A/2B variant rs7020996, the heterozygous and homozygous carriers of allele 'C' were protective with odds ratios of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.83; p = 0.0004) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.27 to 1.39; p = 0.24) respectively, relative to TT homozygote. This is the first study to report on the association of HHEX variant rs1111875 with EOT2D in this population.