• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.34-40
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• 2011

This paper is purposed to develop an leakage current detecting system(LCDS) which can prevent electrical fires on breaker capacity expansion as well as ruptures of XL(Extra long) pipelines and power failure by operation of ELB(Earth leakage breaker) at auto water machine in winter. In order to develop LCDS, this paper studied field state investigation, field state experiment, development of leakage alarm system and verification experiments. Field states investigation at livestock companies(10 companies) in cheong-won location to deduce the problems of auto water machine is analyzed. The field state experiment is conducted at B livestock company in cheong won location. The field state experiment method is measured with leakage current when ELB tripped by environment factor(fine, cloudy, and rainy day). The LCDS is developed as MCU(Micro Control Unit) part applied leakage current values at B livestock company. Verification experiments for the leakage current detecting system were conducted by two methods of current supply and field test. Results show that LCDS suggested in this paper are valuable and usable in auto water machine based on environment factor, which will prevent severe damage to human beings and properties and reduce the electrical fires in livestock.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

For the safety design and operation of many gas process, it is necessary to know certain explosion limit, flash point, autoignition temperature (AIT) and minimum oxygen concentration of handling substances. Also it is necessary to know explosion limit at high temperature and pressure. In this study for the safe handling of hydrogen, explosion limit and AIT of combustion properties for hydrogen were investigated. By using the literatures data, the lower and upper explosion limits of hydrogen recommended 4.0 vol% and 77.0 vol%. Also the AIT of hydrogen with ignition sources recommended $400^{\circ}C$ at the electrically heated crucible furnace (the whole surface heating) and recommended $640^{\circ}C$ at the local hot surface. The new equations for predicting the temperature and the pressure dependence of the explosion limits of hydrogen are proposed. The values calculated by the proposed equations were a good agreement with the literature data.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1889-1896
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• 2019

Background: Because of the lack of accurate values for applied forces in manual therapy, manual therapists relies on the magnitude of the individual's perception during applying the force. However, excessive loading maneuvers carry risks for patients. Objective: To establish the relationship between the maximal force applied to swine skin with the specific region, sex, and baseline parameters of the subject. Design: Ex-vivo Study and laboratory Experimental research Methods: 3.5 kg of Korean pork sirloin that is a piece of swine was handled and it was set 3 dimensions; #A; #B; #C. Forty-seven participants who has no experience in physical therapy randomly carried out the experiment, indicated to push each place of the pressure spots with same posture and process under supervision from the instructor who has over 15 years of manual therapy, and we measured the pressure force in each time. Results: The biggest pressure force was recorded in spot #A, and #B was represented after #C. Pressure on #A showed certain statistic relation with height (r=.317, p<.05) and weight (r=.434, p<.01); pressure on #B showed certain relation which has statistical meaning with only height (r=.401, p<.01); pressure on #C emerged to have statistic relationship with height (r=.308, p<.05)and weight (r=.428, p<.01). The age aspect revealed relation with pressure on #A, #B and #C, but that was not statistically significant. Conclusions: It can be inferred that there is the most loss of pressure in the area where cartilage is like an island in the middle.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.31-41
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• 2019

Purpose: This provides basic data for improving educational effectiveness by selecting and applying basic vocational competency applicable to dental technology's sub-major curricula by determining and researching dental technicians' awareness levels concerning the basic vocational competency's importance. Methods: 170 dental technicians working in Daegu, Korea were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire between 9 January 2018 and 23 February 2018. Results: 1. The highest level of the basic vocational competency elements by the awareness levels of importance in dental technology laboratories was shown in the occupational ethics, followed by technological skills, interpersonal skills, self-development levels, problem-solving skills, information skills, resource management skills and skills for understanding groups, communication skills, and mathematical skills. 2. Female dental technicians put relatively higher importance on writing documents and managing time, while males stressing on basic statistics. 3. Dental laboratory CEOs and managers put high values on resource management skills, while head technicians valuing information skills more. 4. The awareness levels concerning the basic vocational competency importance in some dental technology fields did not match those of the dental technology laboratories in the fields of porcelain, crown and bridge, and orthodontics. Conclusion : This study demonstrates that the awareness levels concerning basic vocational competency's importance in some fields of dental technology differ from those of dental technology laboratories. Developing a basic vocational competency curriculum, it seems necessary to find ways to increase educational effectiveness by selecting and applying the basic vocational competency for the respective fields of dental technology.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Introduction: This study evaluated whether body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) cut-offs for predicting metabolic syndrome (MetS) were different according to Sasang constitutional type. Methods: Data were obtained from 3,117 South Koreans (20-90 years old), and MetS was defined according to the revised NCEP-ATPIII criteria. Age-adjusted BMI and WC cut-offs were calculated according to Sasang constitutional type (Soyangin [SY], Taeeumin [TE], and Soeumin [SE]), sex, and age (men: ${\geq}40$ vs. <40 years, women: ${\geq}50$ vs. <50 years). Results: The prevalences of MetS were 29.9% (<40-year-old men), 35.1% (${\geq}40$-year-old men), 14.8% (<50-year-old women), and 47.7% (${\geq}50$-year-old women). The BMI ($kg/m^2$) and WC (cm) cut-offs for <40-year-old men were 25.9 and 89.9 (SY), 25.5 and 90.5 (TE), and 21.8 and 86.2 (SE). The cut-offs for ${\geq}40$-year-old men were 23.1 and 88.9 (SY), 25.0 and 89.9 (TE), and 22.2 and 87.5 (SE). The BMI and WC cut-offs for <50-year-old women were 22.5 and 81.2 (SY), 25.1 and 83.0 (TE), and 21.5 and 79.8 (SE). The cut-offs for ${\geq}50$-year-old women were 22.2 and 80.5 (SY), and 25.2 and 89.1 (TE), and 21.9 and 80.3 (SE). Conclusions: The BMI and WC cut-offs for identifying MetS varied according to Sasang constitution type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the personal exposure to $PM_{10}$ by body parts for the development of dust monitoring wearable device for swine farmers. Methods: Tasks were classified by using motion pictures taken by action cameras attached to swine farmers. Concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were measured by attaching direct-reading instruments at the head, neck and waist of worker. Differences of $PM_{10}$ exposure between body parts were analyzed with linear regression. Results: We identified three tasks(vaccination, moving pigs, and manure treatment). $PM_{10}$ concentration during vaccination was the highest among the tasks, and the body part showing the highest concentration of $PM_{10}$ was the waist regardless of task. In all tasks, the closer distance between the body parts, the higher were the R-squared values(vaccination 0.4221, moving pigs 0.6990, and manure treatment 0.2164). Conclusions: We presumed that $PM_{10}$ concentrations were affected by the parts of the body in which they were measured. In order to develop swine farmer's wearable device for monitoring dust concentration in air, the determination of the positions of monitoring sensor to ensure accurate measurement is essential. Considering the results of this study, wearable sensor should be positioned at the waist.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.813-824
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotional labor, organizational climate, and job involvement on turnover intention in Korean dental hygienists. Methods: A total of 806 dental hygienists were enrolled in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to evaluate the demographic and occupational characteristics, emotional labor, organizational climate, job involvement, and turnover intention of the subjects. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed. All statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (version 23.0) and p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Highly chronic exposure to emotional labor were more likely to increase the risk of turnover intention among dental hygienists, especially in the sub-scales of "over-load and conflict in customer service" (OR: 1.64; CI: 1.01-2.64), "organizational surveillance and monitoring" (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.21-2.57), and "lack of a supportive and protective system in the organization" (OR: 1.76; 95% CI: 1.36-2.46). Job involvement (OR: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86-0.96) and organizational climate (OR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.75-0.90) were negatively associated with turnover intention among dental hygienists. Conclusions: Exposure to chronic and excessive emotional labor might be a contributing factor for turnover intention, and job involvement and a positive organizational climate contribute to protecting the negative impacts of emotional labor on turnover intention in dental hygienists.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate current research trends of Four Pillars of Destiny and verify its values and potential in the counselling scene, as the Four Pillars of Destiny's territory has been expanding to counselling, medical and psychiatric realm nowadays. Methods: The studies were searched from psychotherapy to general consultation, directly or indirectly related to counseling and Four Pillars of Destiny. Twenty-one published research studies were selected for analysis. The studies were categorized into 7 groups, meta-analysis, comparison with other personality tests, user's trend analysis, utilization in job counseling, disease prediction study, utilization in treatment counseling, and use in Korean medicine. Results: The selected studies attempted to expand Four Pillars of Destiny's usage through combination with other fields such as artificial intelligence, Korean medicine, and personality test. Furthermore by analyzing Four Pillars of Destiny itself to extract its key elements in counseling, such as therapeutic counseling factors and occupational counseling factors. Conclusions: At present, there are no standard use of Four Pillars of Destiny in counseling scene, for no large-scale research has been conducted or completed on this subject. This current status quo leads this paper to end up just understanding the counseling factors and possibilities of Four Pillars of Destiny rather than its psychological theory and clinical effect. However, this research trend analysis will be helpful in preparing future studies investigating Four Pillars of Destiny's counseling effect, application in the counseling scene and its psychological theory. Also, further studies, including confirmation of the theory through the operational definition, prospective research, control study, statistical technique are required in order to evaluate Four Pillars of Destiny's psychological theory and its effects to verify its use in clinical scenes.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2022

In this study, the generation and emission characteristics of particulate matter and gaseous matter in a mechanically ventilated layer house were evaluated. Each concentration of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, inhalable dust, respirable dust, and NH₃ was measured and compared with occupational limit considering seasons and respiratory disorder. CAPPS (Clean Air Policy Support System) of the Ministry of Environment proposes the emission factors of PM₁₀, PM_2.5, and NH₃ for a layer houses however, emission factors are still calculated from foreign factors such as CONINAIR values. As a result, it is urgent to develop national emission factors for domestic layer house. Emission coefficients of the studied mechanically-ventilated layer house in a summer season were calculated as 0.052 kg/head/year for PM₁₀, about 12% lower than that of CAPSS, and 0.0068±0.0038 kg/head/year for PM_2.5, showing no significant difference. Emission factor of NH₃ was calculated as 0.159±0.031 kg/head/year, about 51% lower than that of CAPSS.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2023

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sensory integration therapy and home program intervention on the visual attention of children with Down syndrome. Methods : This study used a single subject design for one child with Down syndrome, Sensory integrated treatment intervention was conducted once a week for 16 weeks, and home programs were conducted four times a week for 16 weeks. Changes in visual attention were measured after intervention in the target child. Results : After the intervention, the average values of object gaze, object horizontal pursuit, and object vertical pursuit time increased compared with the baseline period. In object gaze, object horizontal pursuit, and object vertical pursuit, a section higher than the ±2 standard deviation of the baseline period was observed during the intervention period. Conclusion : This study confirmed that the combination of sensory integrated therapy and home program intervention improved visual attention and visual perception in children with Down syndrome, and it is meaningful that it presented an effective intervention method.