• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.20.1-20.10
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• 2023

Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are drugs that are widely used in treating estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to aromatase inhibition therapy. There are diverse reasons behind acquired AI resistance. This study aims at identifying the plausible cause of acquired AI resistance in patients administered with non-steroidal AIs (anastrozole and letrozole). We used genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, and mutation data of breast invasive carcinoma from The Cancer Genomic Atlas database. The data was then separated into sensitive and resistant sets based on patients' responsiveness to the non-steroidal AIs. A sensitive set of 150 patients and a resistant set of 172 patients were included for the study. These data were collectively analyzed to probe into the factors that might be responsible for AI resistance. We identified 17 differentially regulated genes (DEGs) among the two groups. Then, methylation, mutation, miRNA, copy number variation, and pathway analyses were performed for these DEGs. The top mutated genes (FGFR3, CDKN2A, RNF208, MAPK4, MAPK15, HSD3B1, CRYBB2, CDC20B, TP53TG5, and MAPK8IP3) were predicted. We also identified a key miRNA - hsa-mir-1264 regulating the expression of CDC20B. Pathway analysis revealed HSD3B1 to be involved in estrogen biosynthesis. This study reveals the involvement of key genes that might be associated with the development of AI resistance in ER-positive breast cancers and hence may act as a potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for these patients.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.89-91
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• 2000

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds are highly carcinogenic chemicals and common groundwater contaminants that are observed to persist in soils. The adherence and slow release of PAHs in soil is an obstacle to remediation and complicates the assessment of cleanup standards and risks. Biological degradation of PAHs in soil has been an area of active research because biological treatment may be less costly than conventional pumping technologies or excavation and thermal treatment. Biological degradation also offers the advantage to transform PAHs into non-toxic products such as biomass and carbon dioxide. Ample evidence exists for aerobic biodegradation of PAHs and many bacteria capable of degrading PAHs have been isolated and characterized. However, the microbial degradation of PAHs in sediments is impaired due to the anaerobic conditions that result from the typically high oxygen demand of the organic material present in the soil, the low solubility of oxygen in water, and the slow mass transfer of oxygen from overlying water to the soil environment. For these reasons, anaerobic microbial degradation technologies could help alleviate sediment PAH contamination and offer significant advantages for cost-efficient in-situ treatment. But very little is known about the potential for anaerobic degradation of PAHs in field soils. The objectives of this research were to assess: (1) the potential for biodegradation of PAH in field aged soils under denitrification conditions, (2) to assess the potential for biodegradation of naphthalene in soil microcosms under denitrifying conditions, and (3) to assess for the existence of microorganisms in field sediments capable of degrading naphthalene via denitrification. Two kinds of soils were used in this research: Harbor Point sediment (HPS-2) and Milwaukee Harbor sediment (MHS). Results presented in this seminar indicate possible degradation of PAHs in soil under denitrifying conditions. During the two months of anaerobic degradation, total PAH removal was modest probably due to both the low availability of the PAHs and competition with other more easily degradable sources of carbon in the sediments. For both Harbor Point sediment (HPS-2) and Milwaukee Harbor sediment (MHS), PAH reduction was confined to 3- and 4-ring PAHs. Comparing PAH reductions during two months of aerobic and anaerobic biotreatment of MHS, it was found that extent of PAHreduction for anaerobic treatment was compatible with that for aerobic treatment. Interestingly, removal of PAHs from sediment particle classes (by size and density) followed similar trends for aerobic and anaerobic treatment of MHS. The majority of the PAHs removed during biotreatment came from the clay/silt fraction. In an earlier study it was shown that PAHs associated with the clay/silt fraction in MHS were more available than PAHs associated with coal-derived fraction. Therefore, although total PAH reductions were small, the removal of PAHs from the more easily available sediment fraction (clay/silt) may result in a significant environmental benefit owing to a reduction in total PAH bioavailability. By using naphthalene as a model PAH compound, biodegradation of naphthalene under denitrifying condition was assessed in microcosms containing MHS. Naphthalene spiked into MHS was degraded below detection limit within 20 days with the accompanying reduction of nitrate. With repeated addition of naphthalene and nitrate, naphthalene degradation under nitrate reducing conditions was stable over one month. Nitrite, one of the intermediates of denitrification was detected during the incubation. Also the denitrification activity of the enrichment culture from MHS slurries was verified by monitoring the production of nitrogen gas in solid fluorescence denitrification medium. Microorganisms capable of degrading naphthalene via denitrification were isolated from this enrichment culture.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1977

Nutrition counselors in Korea often encounter difficulty in their attempt to change village women's attitudes regarding food taboos which are counter to good eating habits. There are a great many food superstitions which are not due to religious influence, but seem to be related to shape and composition of food. Many expectant mothers superstitiously avoid eating certain foods for fear that they may cause mental or physical abnormality in their babies. As was shown in a previous survey (Mo, 1966)of villages in all provinces except Jeju Island, such superstitions were common among pregnant and lactating mothers. Many food taboos and superstitions based on non-scientific and irrational ideas do exist even in modern society, and are a major obstacle to nutritionally adequate food consumption. A study of food taboos among women of Jeju Island was undertaken from November to December of 1976, these results to be compared as well with those of the previous study. There were 73 items found to be prohibited during pregnancy. Of these, 48.7% were of the deaf group, 17.4% fish, 5.5% eggs, 4.7% cereal, and only 2.2% fruit. Of 252% women respondents, 111 (45% ) abstained from eating chicken, duck, and shark because of the belief that they would cause their babies to be born with gooseflesh or shark skin. Many of them avoided rabbit meat for fear that their babies might be born with harelip. It was also feared that a baby would become disfigured if his mother ate duck, goat, dog meat, chicken or duck eggs, or soup made of bones. A common superstition was that highly spiced or salty foods would cause the fetus to be hairless. Squid and octopus were believed to cause babies to have weak bones, or none at all. Most of these food taboos were associated with fears concerning Physical structure and appearance of unborn babies. Other taboos were associated with fear of undesirable behavioral characteristics. For example, some mothers thought that a baby would pinch or bite the mother's breast during the weaning period, if crab meat were eaten during pregnancy. Unevenly sliced rice cake, loach, snake meat and eel were also believed to cause a baby to be ill-tempered. The findings of this study are remarkably similar to those of the previous study conducted by the authour in 1966. Most of the same food taboos, based on non-scientific and irrational reasons, were found on Jeju Island as on the peninsula, and thor were similarly wide-spread. The results of correlational analysis show that the most significant factors related to prevalence of food taboos, are level of education and religious background. Number of food taboos is correlated with level of education. Also, food taboos are least freqent among the Christian woman. Proper nutrition education should he undertaken in order to encourage intake of protein-rich food, particularly during pregnancy when nutritional needs of mother and fetus are great.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2015

선박은 충돌, 좌초 및 화재 등의 여러 가지 원인으로 승객 및 선원들이 긴급 피난을 해야 하는 경우가 많이 발생한다. 일반적으로 모든 피난에서 생존율을 높이기 위해서는 피난 시간의 단축이 아주 중요한 요소이나 선박의 복잡하고 좁은 구조적 특성은 신속한 피난에 장애 요소가 되고 있다. 특히, 선박은 그 구조상 동일한 규모의 화재 발생 시 타 화재에 비해 확산속도가 빨라 신속한 피난이 필요하다. 또한, 선박은 해상에서 운항하는 특성으로 좋지 않은 해상 상태에서는 승객 및 선원이 행동적 제약이 발생한다. 이 연구에서는 인명 안전 차원에서 선박 구조 변경이 승객 및 선원의 생존율 향상에 미치는 영향에 대해 이론적 접근 및 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 분석하고자 한다. 분석 도구로는 3차원 화재분석 전용 프로그램인 FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)를 이용하였으며 화재 시 인명 안전에 영향을 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 온도 상승 및 가시거리 감소를 분석하였다. 그 결과 선박의 복도 폭 및 천장의 높이만 개선하여도 인명 안전에 상당한 도움이 되는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to research the health status of the elderly population and their perception and compliance to cook medicated juk. The results from this research will be used as basic data for medicated juk development. In addition, the purpose of this study was to find a way to popularize the juk and improve their usage as medicated juk in communal feeding and convalescent hospital for elderly. The study surveyed 300 elderly residents of age over 65, in Daejeon. The following data were collected: general characteristic, health status, perception of medicated juk, and preferred kind of juk for cooking. Moreover, the study researched the constraints in cooking the juk. Data were analyzed by SPSS Windows V. 18.0 and t-test verified the differences among the questions, according to frequency analysis of each item and characteristics of the aged. You might want to specify this characteristic. Within the surveyed elderly population, 80.6% had various existing diseases with circulatory diseases being the most prevalent with 68.9%. This emphasizes on the significance of proper diet, but this recognition is not put into practice. The survey also showed that as the individuals age, they tend to care less about the necessity of proper diet. Despite of this lack of perception, 84.5% of the elderly population responded positively to the question, "Would you like to have medicated juk for curing diseases, if such juk is available?" In addition, the elderly population was in favor of developing the juk that helps to prevent and cure diseases, and many were willing to cook them. The reasons behind their will to cook are arranged in the following order: higher efficacy in curing disease than regular juk, excellence in nutrition, and unavailability of the medicated juk in the stores that requires them to cook. The sources constraining the elderly population in cooking are arranged in the following order: not knowing how to cook the juk, lack of physical strength, financial burden, and lack of information order. Please clarify this part. Suggested change: not knowing what medicated juk is. Furthermore, the main obstacle in cooking the juk is lack of cooking technique, followed by inaccessibility to the ingredients and the financial burden to purchase the ingredients.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

최근 모듈러 건축물 관련 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있으나, 실제 건설산업에서 모듈러 건축물을 활용한 건축공사의 발주는 아직 활성화되지 못하고 있다. 이에 대한 여러 가지 원인들이 분석되고 있으나 그 중 중요한 것은 모듈러 건축물은 기존 현장중심의 건설생산체계를 공장제작-운송-현장설치 새로운 체계로의 전환을 요구하고 있다는 것이다. 하지만 국내 공공공사의 기존 발주방식은 전기통신공사업 등 개별법에서 분리발주를 의무화하고 있기 때문에 모듈러 건축물 장점을 살릴 수 있는 새로운 건설생산체계를 수용하기 어렵다. 따라서 기존 발주방식은 모듈러 건축물을 현장중심의 공사로 분리발주(건축 토목, 전기, 통신, 소방 등) 계약할 수밖에 없고, 건축 토목공사의 계약 범위 안에서 모듈러 유닛을 물품으로 구매할 수밖에 없기 때문에 이러한 분리발주로 인한 모듈러 건축물의 공장제작 비율을 저하시키고 공사비 상승, 품질저하 등의 문제를 발생시켜서 모듈러 건축물의 장점을 발휘하지 못하도록 하는 장애요인이 된다. 본 논문에서는 모듈러 건축물에서 요구하는 새로운 건설생산체계를 적극적으로 수용할 수 있는 새로운 발주방식을 개발하여 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권11호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2021

통계에 따르면 중국 모바일 결제 유저의 규모는 매년 성장 추세를 보이지만 60세 이상 집단에서 모바일 결제의 사용 비율은 아직 절반에도 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 중국 초로(初老) 집단이 모바일 결제 플랫폼에서 일반적으로 낮은 사용률을 나타내는 원인에 대한 탐구를 목적으로 하며, 문헌 연구를 바탕으로 설문조사와 실지 인터뷰를 결합하여 연구한 결과 중국 초로 집단의 모바일 결제 플랫폼 사용에 대한 주요 장애는 수용적 장애라는 사실을 발견하였다. 따라서 유저 체험 연구 방법을 기술 수용 모델(TAM)과 결합하여 새로운 연구 모델을 구축했으며, 이 모델에서 수용적 행동에 영향을 끼치는 5개 가정 요소를 정리 및 귀납하였다. 마지막으로 공분산 분석 방법을 통해 가설 요소를 검증하고 만족도(SA), 인지된 유용성(PU)과 업무 관련도(JR)의 계수가 각각 0.001, 0.000, 0.004이며, 이는 모두 0.05보다 낮으므로 수용성에 대해 선명한 정(+) 방향의 영향이 있는 것이다. 이외에 인지된 용이성(PE)과 자아 효능감(SE)은 수용성에 대해 정(+) 방향의 영향이 없다는 것을 발견하였다. 최종적으로 유저 체험에 대한 새로운 수용 모델을 구축하여 모바일 결제 플랫폼의 개발 업체와 디자이너들이 수용적 관점에 따른 제품 개발을 위한 이론적 근거를 제공했으며, 이를 통해 더 많은 노인 유저에게 적합한 모바일 결제 방식을 개발하여 모바일 결제에 대한 노인의 수용도를 제고하고자 한다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1404-1415
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• 2022

The 2-dimensional arrangement method of nodes has been used in most of RF (Radio Frequency) based communication network simulations. However, this method is not useful for the an none-obstacle 3-dimensional space networks in which the propagation delay speed in communication is very slow and, moreover, the values of performance factors such as the communication speed and the error rate change on the depth of node. Such a typical example is an underwater communication network. The 2-dimensional arrangement method is also not useful for the RF based network like some WSNs (Wireless Sensor Networks), IBSs (Intelligent Building Systems), or smart homes, in which the distance between nodes is short or some of nodes can be arranged overlapping with their different heights in similar planar location. In such cases, the 2-dimensional network simulation results are highly inaccurate and unbelievable so that they lead to user's erroneous predictions and judgments. For these reasons, in this paper, we propose a method to place uniformly and randomly communication nodes in 3-dimensional network space, making the wireless link with neighbor node possible. In this method, based on the communication rage of the node, blocks are generated to construct the 3-dimensional network and a node per one block is generated and placed within a block area. In this paper, we also introduce an algorithm based on this method and we show the performance results and evaluations on the average time in a node generation and arrangement, and the arrangement time and scatter-plotted visualization time of all nodes according to the number of them. In addition, comparison with previous studies is conducted. As a result of evaluating the performance of the algorithm, it was found that the processing time of the algorithm was proportional to the number of nodes to be created, and the average generation time of one node was between 0.238 and 0.28 us. ultimately, There is no problem even if a simulation network with a large number of nodes is created, so it can be sufficiently introduced at the time of simulation.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2022

한국은 아시아의 대표적인 선진국로서 대외무역항로와 해양경제가 내륙국가에 비하여 절대적인 우위를 가진다. 사회 변화에 따라 원래의 항만지역은 다양한 원인으로, 일부 병폐가 점차 사람들의 사야를 드러내 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 직접적인 영향과 손상을 받는 것은 항만지역 해양산업 클러스터의 경제이율과 미래 발전 공간이다. 본 연구는 해양산업 클러스터와 항만도시재생 사이의 관계에 대해 연구하였다. 정량분석 각도에서 재생디자인을 분석해 나가며 항만도시재생을 통하여 해양산업 클러스터를 활성화 시킬 수 있는 필요성 및 중요성을 제시하고자 한다. 우선 이론적 배경을 고찰하여, 세계적으로 잘 된 항만도시 사례 분석을 통해 연구대상지 부산 북항의 현황을 맞춰서 분석하였다. 그리고 본 연구의 신뢰성을 높이기 위하여 다시 해양산업 클러스터와 항만도시재생의 데이터로 실증분석을 하였다. 본 연구 사례조사와 실증분석의 결과를 보면 해양산업 클러스터와 항만도시재생 간 실제로 향상시키고 상호작용한 관계이다. 연구를 통해 부산 북항재개발사업을 디자인적, 환경적, 경제적 차원에서 추진하고 지역 발전의 우세를 찾을 동시에 부산지역 해양도시로서의 위상을 높일 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 연구 결과에 따르면 어느 나라나 항만도시든지 경제, 사회, 문화 등의 발전은 해양산업 클러스터의 활성화를 촉진할 수밖에 없으며, 마찬가지로 항만지역이 어느 정도 발전하면 자연히 물리적 여건상 낙후되어 지역발전에 장애가 생기게 되는데, 항구도시의 재생을 통해 이 문제를 간단명료하게 해결할 수 있다.