• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2015

Concerns about water quality in the Nakdong River have been raised because the Nakdong River will change from a lotic environment to a lentic environmental due to the installation of eight weirs to be constructed as part of the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of the middle and the lower reaches of Nakdong River causes the indiscreet discharge of uncleanly living sewage and industrial wastewater. And the water quality of lower reaches of Nakdong River is getting seriously worse. Owing to the water shortage of Nakdong River and the closing of reaches because of the estuary dyke in the dry season, the velocity of a moving fluid is almost accumulated under 0.03m/sec. Then a pollutant is piled up on the bottom of the river. Polluted sediment is formed and nutrition level of water is increased more and more. The eutrophication state propagated to dark brown or green from eutrophication often comes out. Therefore in this study, we measured Chl. a of chlorophyll sensor (YSI6600V2) and aceton extraction through field observation in the Nakdong River and Samrangjin. And we evaluated the reliability of chlorophyll sensor. In correlation analysis between chlorophyll sensor and aceton extraction, it shows high relation in general. And it also shows high relation among the chlorophyll sensor and aceton extraction of the dominant diatom (Skeletonema costatum), Dinophyta (Prorocentrum minimum) in the Nakdong River estuary by laboratory analysis results.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2005

요리 본 연구에서는 최근 환경부의 유량$\cdot$수질 측정지점으로 거론되고 있는 영산강 영본c 지점과 섬진강 섬본e 지점을 대상으로 수문지형적 관점에서 관측지점에 대한 적정여부와 유량측정 및 산정방법에 대한 검토를 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 영본c지점과 섬본e지점은 수문지형학적 특성상 안정적인 유량측정이 용이하지 않는 장소이며, 특히 하구언 배수문의 영향이 크게 미치는 영본c의 경우 신뢰성 있는 유량측정이 불가능한 지점으로 판단된다. 유량산정방법으로 제시되었던 비유량법은 적절한 대표유역의 선정과 상$\cdot$하류에 신뢰성 있는 유량관측 지점이 있을 시 직접측정이 곤란한 지점의 유량산정에 이용될 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 그리고 장기간에 걸쳐 계절별, 강우사상별 유량관측을 통한 비유량 자료가 축적될 경우, 풍수기의 유량산정에도 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.87-100
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to investigate and no investigate and to compare perceptions of home economics teachers and educators regarding home economics student teaching pratice, thereby to provide fundamental information for improving home economics student teaching pratice. The specific objectives of this study were at follows. 1. To determine and compare the perceptions of home economics teachers and teacher educators regarding the importance and achievement of (1) the objectives of student teaching, (2) the experiences of student teaching, (3) procedures for selecting cooperating teachers, (4) roles and responsibilities of cooperating teachers, and (5) roles and responsibilities of university supervisors. 2. To identify problems and revisions about home economics student teaching pratice suggested by home economics teachers and teacher educators. The subjects in this study included 90 home economics teachers in 500 girls’middle schools and 13 teacher educators in 21 universities with home economics education department in Korea. For this study, the Habedi’s instruments were used through testing validity and reliability. The data of this study were analyzed by using mean, standard deviation, t-test, and content analysis. The results of this study were as follow；1. The areas with the difference of perceptions of the importance between the two groups were objectives of student teaching, experiences of student teaching, procedures for selecting cooperating teachers, and roles and responsibilities of cooperating teachers. 2. Regarding problems about home economics students teaching practice, home economics teachers indicated difficulty in performing adequate student teaching because of reduction in class hours, and lack of student teachers’positive attitude in performing student teaching, while teacher educators indicated having reluctancy of cooperating school to admit student teachers, and difference in experiences of student teachers because of disparity among cooperating schools. As solutions about the problems of home economics student teaching practice, home economics teachers suggested that student teaching course should be limited to the students qualified for teaching and that class observation and teaching practice in real class should be emphasized, while teacher educators suggested that student teaching should be performed adequately by providing institutions to control student teaching practice teacher should be made efficient by examining the scales of cooperating schools.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2011

Most of the terminologies used in medical domain is not intended to be applied directly in clinical setting but is developed to integrate the terms by defining the reference terminology or concept relations between the terms. Therefore, it is needed to develop the subsets of the terminology which classify categories properly for the purpose of use and extract and organize terms with high utility based on the classified categories in order to utilize the clinical terms conveniently as well as efficiently. Moreover, it is also necessary to develop and upgrade the terminology constantly to meet user's new demand by changing or correcting the system. This study has developed a mapping tool that allows accurate expression and interpretation of clinical terms used for medical records in electronic medical records system and can furthermore secure semantic interoperability among the terms used in the medical information model and generate common terms as well. The system is designed to execute both 1:1 and N:M mapping between the concepts of terms at a time and search for and compare various terms at a time, too. Also, in order to enhance work consistency and work reliability between the task performers, it allows work in parallel and the observation of work processes. Since it is developed with Java, it adds new terms in the form of plug-in to be used. It also reinforce database access security with Remote Method Invocation (RMI). This research still has tasks to be done such as complementing and refining and also establishing management procedures for registered data. However, it will be effectively used to reduce the time and expenses to generate terms in each of the medical institutions and improve the quality of medicine by providing consistent concepts and representative terms for the terminologies used for medical records and inducing proper selection of the terms according to their meaning.

• 실천공학교육논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 직업능력개발 훈련교사의 역량평가사로서 필요한 역량에 대한 훈련요구를 알아보는 것이다. Russ-Eft의 평가자 역량모델을 기초로 역량평가사로서의 역량에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 전국의 직업능력개발 훈련교사 자격증을 가진 직업능력개발 훈련교사들을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 설문결과 본 설문에 최종적으로 응답한 인원은 총 234명이었고, 158명(67.5%)은 남성, 73명(31.2%)은 여성이었다. 분석 결과는 전문가 신뢰도(요구도 2.51), 평가관리계획 수립(요구도 2.11), 관리계획(요구도 2.08), 그리고 효과적 협업(요구도 2.07) 등의 순으로 개발의 요구가 파악되었다. 반면, 다양한 의도인식(요구도 1.01), 윤리기준 준수(요구도 1.24), 대인관계(요구도 1.76) 등은 상대적으로 개발의 요구가 높지 않은 것으로 나타났다.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.251-263
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• 2012

Purpose: It was necessary for developing a neonatal classification system based on nursing needs and direct care time. This study was, thus, aimed at identifying nursing activities and measuring the standard nursing practice time for developing a neonatal patient classification system in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Methods: The study was taken place in 8 general hospitals located in Seoul and Kyungi province, South Korea from Dec, 2009 to Jan, 2010. By using 'the modified Workload Management System for critical care Nurses' (WMSN), nursing categories, activities, standard time, and task frequencies were measured with direct observation. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics. Results: Neonatal nursing activities were categorized into 8 areas: vital signs (manual), monitoring, activity of daily living (ADL), feeding, medication, treatment and procedure, respiratory therapy, and education-emotional support. The most frequent and time-consuming area was an ADL, unlike that of adult patients. Conclusion: The findings of the study provide a foundation for developing a neonatal patient classification system in NICU. Further research is warranted to verify the reliability and validity of the instrument.

• 중환자간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.46-66
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• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to systematically review the instruments utilized to assess physical impairment in post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. Method : Online databases searched were MEDLINE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and Embase. Studies that met the following criteria were included: 1) the study population exclusively had experience with ICU admission; 2) the study assessed pulmonary, neuromuscular, and physical functions; and 3) the study was published in English language journals after 2007. Results : A total of 56 instruments (2 pulmonary, 25 neuromuscular, 29 physical function) from 94 studies were reviewed. They were classified into self-report, observation, and measurement according to the type of assessment. No instrument measured all 3 areas of physical impairment. Five instruments were originally developed for the ICU patients. The most frequently applied instruments were the Medical Research Council and the 36-item Short Form Survey (physical component summary), which were used in 23 studies each. Only 13.8% of reviewed studies reported the reliability or validity of the instruments. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the appropriateness of instruments assessing physical impairment in PICS cannot be guaranteed. Despite the multidimensional concept of physical disabilities, most studies measured only one area, and studies that reported psychometric properties were limited. Accordingly, we propose to develop a unique and multifaceted instrument for ICU survivors.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.139-146
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• 1987

지상사진측량(地上寫眞測量)에 의한 3차원변형해석(次元變形測量)은 표정점(標定點)에 대한 3차원좌표(次元變座標)를 계산하고 이들 좌표로부터 변위(變位)를 구하므로써 변형해석(變形測量)을 하게 된다. 지상사진측량(地上寫眞測量)에 의한 변형해석(變形測量)은 3차원좌표(次元變座標) 획득과 변위점검출(變位點檢出) 및 변형량추정(變形量推定)으로 크게 나눌 수 있다. 본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 처음단계로 번들조정법에 의한 좌표계산에서 지상기준점수(地上基準點數)와 사진수(寫眞數)의 증가에 따른 외부표정요소(外部標定要素)의 분산(分散)-공분산행렬(共分散行列)변화를 분석하였다. 그리고 지상기준점(地上基準點)의 정확도(正確度)를 향상시키기 위한 제약조건을 주기위해 번들조정법에 자유강조정(自由鋼調整)개념을 도입하였다. 이상의 결과분석으로부터 경제성과 시간절약의 측면을 고려할때 지상기준점수(地上基準點數)는 6점(點), 사진수(寫眞數)는 3개가 적합함을 알 수 있다. 또한 번들조정에 자유강조정(自由鋼調整)개념을 적용한 경우 공간거리의 제약조건을 외곽에 분포시키는 것이 바람직함을 알 수 있었다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제40권
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• pp.26.1-26.10
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• 2018

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the mechanical, biological, and esthetic stability of a zirconium abutment according to evidence-based dentistry. Main text: An electronic search was performed. Domestic studies were found using the keywords "zirconia abutments" and "zirconium abutment" in KMbase, KoreaMed, and the National Assembly Library, and international studies were found using the same keywords in PubMed. All identified studies were divided by evidence level from the viewpoint of the research type utilizing the evidence-based review manual. A total of 102 domestic studies (with Korean language) were found, and 9 of these studies were selected. In these nine studies, 3 had evidence level 3 and 6 had evidence level 4. A total of 97 international studies (with English language) were found, and 19 were selected. Among these 19 studies, 5 had evidence level 2 and 7 had evidence level 3, whereas the remainder had evidence level 4. According to the studies, zirconium abutments are mechanically, biologically, and esthetically stable, but the evidence level of these studies is low, and the follow-up duration is no longer than 5 years. Conclusions: All examined studies verified the mechanical stability of zirconium abutments for a period no longer than 5 years. Therefore, a long-term clinical observation is needed. Zirconium abutments are thought to be biologically stable, but they are not superior to titanium abutments. As the esthetic stability of such abutments had a low evidence level in the studies that examined here, a much higher evidence level is needed.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집(제1권)
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• pp.187-194
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• 2006

최근 인공위성 SAR를 이용한 기술은 해풍, 파랑, 해류 등과 같은 해양에서 발생되는 다양한 현상을 관측하고 연구하는데 필수적인 기술로 대두되고 있다. CMOD4, CMOD-IFR2 모델은 해상풍의 크기를 구할 수 있으며, wave-SAR 변환 기법과 inter-look cross-spectra 기법은 파랑의 크기, 방향과 같은 물리적 값을 추출할 수 있다. 또한 Doppler shift 기법을 적용하여 해류속도를 구할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 위의 기법들을 종합적으로 적용하여 SOP (SAR Ocean Processor) 프로세서를 개발하였다. 이 프로세서를 한반도 연안지역에 적용하여 RADARSAT-1 영상자료로부터 바람, 파랑, 해류의 물리적 정보를 추출하였으며, 이를 현장자료와 비교한 결과 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.