• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.777-785
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• 2005

Health outcomes are strongly associated with dietary factors. Poor dietary intake increases health risks and can have adverse affects throughout all stages of live and can be passed onto next generations. Korea faces a double burden of nutritional problems. One one side health problems are related to an inadequate diet including underweight, osteoporosis or anemia etc. On the other side the health problems are related to over consumption, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease and etc. Improving the national health and nutritional status requires adjustments of nutrition policies that have primarily focused on under nutrition, to accommodate all nutrition concerns within the country. Nutrition research specific to Korean people must be promoted to produce scientific evidences on which to base nutrition policies. The creation of a nutrition-specialized institute is an important starting point.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

The milk product is one of the major foods which provide calcium for nutritional requirement. In addition to calcium, it supplies diverse nutrients including protein, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, and vitamin $B_2$. Adequate calcium intake throughout lifetime ensures optimum bone density and prevents osteoporosis in old age by reducing loss of bone mineral during growth and aging. The nutritional deficiency of calcium intake and spreading of osteoporosis in Korean population accentuated necessity of adequate calcium intake through milk consumption. Obstruction of milk consumption due to lactose intolerance should be overcome by educational programs for adequate milk consumption and low-lactose milk product developments. Consumption of milk products was reported to prevent high blood pressure in clinical studies and epidemiological investigations. As the feeding of milk increased, the body weight and fat of animal decreased in animal studies. The epidemiological investigations revealed that there was a negative correlation between the amount of milk consumption and the body fat. When calcium was provided as dietary supplement in the clinical trials, the body weight and body fat of subjects decreased. When calcium was particularly supplied as a part of milk, the body weight reduction rate was augmented. Calcium, vitamin D, and conjugated linoleic acid have been reported to exert a role in reducing cancer. The paramount importance of milk in nutrition as a source of calcium and other invaluable nutrients emphasizes consistent supply of milk products to adults as well as adolescents by dairy industry.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.375-383
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on health-related physical fitness and osteoporosis after 12 weeks of combined training for adults with intellectual disabilities diagnosed with obesity and osteoporosis. The subjects conducted a combined training program consisting of aerobic exercise and strength training twice a week for 12 weeks. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured before exercise, 6, 12 weeks, and health-related physical fitness was measured before and after exercise. Body weight and body fat decreased after exercise and bone density increased after exercise compared to before exercise. Muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility were improved after exercise compared to before exercise. It was confirmed that the 12 week compound training increased the leg strength and improved the functions such as walking and running, and increased the health-related fitness and increased bone mineral density.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution For decades, Spergularia marina, a local food that is popular in South Korea, has been regarded as a nutritious source of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. While several halophytes are reported to possess distinct bioactivities, S. marina has yet to be promoted as a natural source of bioactives. In this study, the effects of S. marina on the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts and the osteoblastic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts and C2C12 myoblast cells were evaluated. The anti-adipogenic effect of S. marina was assessed by measuring lipid accumulation and adipogenic differentiation marker expression. S. marina treatment significantly reduced lipid accumulation and notably decreased the gene levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein ${\alpha}$, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. In addition, S. marina enhanced osteoblast differentiation, as indicated by increased alkaline phosphatase activity and increased levels of osteoblastogenesis indicators, namely bone morphogenetic protein-2, osteocalcin, and type I collagen. In conclusion, S. marina could be a source of functional food ingredients that improve osteoporosis and obesity. Further studies, including activity-based fractionation, will elucidate the mechanism of action and active ingredients of S. marina, which would provide researchers with a better understanding of the nutraceutical and therapeutic applications of S. marina.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.342-352
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to investigate whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was associated with incident bone mineral density (BMD) decrease. Methods: This study included 4536 subjects with normal BMD at baseline. NAFLD was defined as the presence of fatty liver on abdominal ultrasonography without significant alcohol consumption or other causes. Decreased BMD was defined as a diagnosis of osteopenia, osteoporosis, or BMD below the expected range for the patient's age based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of incident BMD decrease in subjects with or without NAFLD. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the relevant factors. Results: Across 13 354 person-years of total follow-up, decreased BMD was observed in 606 subjects, corresponding to an incidence of 45.4 cases per 1000 person-years (median follow-up duration, 2.1 years). In the model adjusted for age and sex, the hazard ratio was 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.51 to 0.82), and statistical significance disappeared after adjustment for body mass index (BMI) and cardiometabolic factors. In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD was associated with a lower risk of incident BMD decrease in females even after adjustment for confounders. The direction of the effect of NAFLD on the risk of BMD decrease changed depending on BMI category and body fat percentage, although the impact was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: NAFLD had a significant protective effect on BMD in females. However, the effects may vary depending on BMI category or body fat percentage.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors associated with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. The data from 2008-2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used for data analysis. Subjects were 2,701 postmenopausal women aged ${\geq}50$ years. BMDs at whole body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were measured by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Dietary data from 24-hour dietary recall and a food frequency questionnaire containing 63 food items were used. The proportions of osteopenia at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 37.4%, 54.5%, and 45.4%, respectively. The proportions of osteoporosis at total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were 6.2%, 25.6%, and 34.3%, respectively. Age, anthropometric index including height, weight, and Body Mass Index (BMI), parathyroid hormone, and physical activity were related to BMD, but the relationships were site specific. Total femur BMD was explained by age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of carbohydrate and fruits. Femoral neck BMD was related to age, weight, parathyroid hormone and intakes of riboflavin and fruits. Lumbar spine BMD was associated with age, weight, milk and dairy products, calcium intake, and exercise. These results indicated that adequate intakes of milk and dairy products, fruits, carbohydrate, calcium, riboflavin and exercise as well as weight maintenance might play an important role in maintaining optimum bone health in Korean postmenopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.196-207
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• 2009

For the estimation of prevalence state of major chronic adult disease and their relationships with drinking and smoking habits in the Korean employees, we analyzed a medical check-up data of 155,799 subjects that was accumulated during the year of 2008. In age and sex distribution of the sample, male subjects were 106,229 and female 51,827 showing the ratio of 2:1 and the majorities were 30s and 40s covering 70.7% of the total. The prevalence rates of major chronic diseases were obesity 29.8% (male 38.3%, female 12.3%), hypertension 4.1%, HBV carrier inactive 3.3%, diabetes mellitus 2.9%, hypothyroidism 1.7% (male 1.3%, female 2.4%), hyperlipidemia 1.1%, hyperthyroidism 1.4% (male 1.1%, female 2.1%), osteoporosis 1.4% (male 1.4%, female 1.4%), anemia 0.9% (male 0.3%, female 2.0%) and renal disease 0.9%. The frequency of and volume of drinking in male group were 4.6 times and 7.5 times higher than female group respectively. The 33.8% of the workers were smoking currently. In the serological tests, all the items such as AST, ALT, ${\gamma}-GTP$, LDH for liver function, Cholesterol, TG, uric acid for hyperlipidemia and BP systolic, Fasting blood sugar, BMI for metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in the more drinking and more smoking groups than other groups (p<0.001). The higher prevalence rates in male group in the liver disease seems to be strongly related with the drinking and smoking habits in male employees. We suggest that employees should rather relying on leisure or hobbies than drinking and smoking for the stress relief.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.192-213
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the domestic study trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases in Korean literature, through reviewing the clinical and experimental studies. Methods: We searched for clinical and experimental studies using pharmacopuncture therapy on obstetrics and gynecological diseases, published from January 2000 to May 2019, through 5 Korean databases. The study design, target disease, type of pharmacopuncture, method of intervention, and study results were analyzed. Results: 36 experimental studies and 15 clinical studies were finally included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. In experimental studies, there were 12 studies about postmenopausal osteoporosis, 9 studies about obesity, 4 studies about endometriosis, 3 studies about hemostatic effects and analgesic anticoagulative effects, 2 studies about ovarian function, and analgesic antiphlogistic anticoagulative effects, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms. In clinical studies, there were 3 studies about obesity, postpartum disorders, dysmenorrhea, and women's urologic disease, and 1 study about menopausal symptoms, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) and breast cancer. Various types of pharmacopuncture have been proved to have a therapeutic effect in each of those obstetrics and gynecological diseases. Conclusions: This study indicates that pharmacopuncture therapy could be a good treatment for obstetrics and gynecological diseases. However, more well-designed and high-quality clinical researches are needed in further studies, to prove the effectiveness and safety of pharmacopuncture therapy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of rose hip utilization on various diseases. Rose hips are produced on a shrub native to Europe, and have been used for medicinal purposes and nutritional supplementation for centuries. It is rich in minerals, vitamins, and various functional compounds, including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, selenium, vitamin B, vitamin C, and vitamin E, quercetin, catechin, β-carotene, β-sitosterol, polyphenol, flavonoid, taxifolin, ellagic acid, and salicylic acid. Extracts and powders of rose hips have been reported to contain antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory activity, and exert beneficial effects including amelioration of osteoarthritis, body fat reduction, anti-obesity activity, anti-bacterial activity, antidiabetic properties, and anti-cancer activity. Therefore, rose hips as a functional natural food may be considered effective for use in treating diseases including obesity, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.81-98
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to analyze the trends in research and development projects related to herbal medicine and natural products in the field of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) over the past 20 years. Methods : Research projects were identified using "Korean medicine" as the subject heading in the National Science and Technology Information Service. The included projects investigated Korean medicine, natural products, or were related to the TKM industry. Data pre-processing and network analysis were performed using Python and Networkx package, and the network was visualized using the ForceAtlas2 visualization algorithm. Results : 1. Over the study period, 4,020 projects were conducted with a research budget of KRW 835.2 billion. Seven institutions performed over 100 projects each, accounting for 2.4% of all participating institutions, and the top 10 institutions accounted for 58.9% of total projects. 2. Obesity was the most frequently mentioned disease-related keyword. Chronic or age-related diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, dementia, parkinson's disease, cancer, inflammation, and asthma were also frequent research topics. Clinical research, safety, and standardization were also frequently mentioned. 3. Centrality analysis found that obesity was the only disease-related keyword identified, alongside TKM-related keywords. Standardization, safety, and clinical trials were identified as central keywords. Conclusions : The study found that research projects in TKM have focused on standardizing and ensuring the safety of herbal medicine, as well as on chronic and age-related diseases. Clinical studies aimed at verifying the effectiveness of herbal medicine were also frequent. These findings can guide future research and development in herbal medicine.