• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.696-703
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• 2015

We investigated the characteristics of embryonic and abnormal organ development in haploid olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by comparing egg development and histological sections in haploid and diploid individuals. After the mid-blastula transition, abnormal development was observed in haploid fish, including delayed epiboly and malformation of the germ ring and embryonic body. In haploid flounder, Kupffer’s vesicles are irregularly shaped and of variable size compared to diploids. The embryonic body of haploids was shorter and broader than that of diploids and the tail length and size were variable. Most haploid embryos failed to hatch and the few larvae that did, did not survive for more than 6 h. The histological analysis of haploid larvae revealed deformed development in diverse organs, including the eye, otic vesicles, notochord, and neural tube. These results may be related to an abnormality in the axial system of haploid larvae. This study confirmed that the abnormalities of haploid olive flounder were similar to the reported characteristics of haploid syndrome. The abnormalities are caused by delayed epiboly and involution and deformity of Kupffer’s vesicle during egg development.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.100-106
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• 2013

A clinical trial was performed to assess clinical efficacy and/or reduction in relapses by gold-bead implantation into acupuncture points in dogs with canine chronic recurrent otitis externa (CCROE). Forty dog-patients randomly divided into two groups were diagnosed as suffering CCROE, having intact tympanic membranes and a history of recurrences. Treatments were: control group (CG), treated with commercially available antimicrobial otic droplets, dosed twice daily for 7 days; and experimental group (GBI- gold bead implants), treated as for CG plus the insertion of 13 gold-bead implants under light anesthesia. Overall per cent assessment of composite clinical progression and progression of individual clinical signs were recorded. Bilateral chronic external otitis was diagnosed in 60% of the cases and left or right otitis in 20% of the cases each. Logistic model for repeated measures analysis showed that GBI induced a better clinical recovery as far as lesion score of some clinical signs is concerned. The overall percent cures of each group showed statistically significant difference. A McNemar analysis revealed that higher number of relapses was observed in CG patients as compared to the GBI (P < 0.05). In particular during these days, lesion on the pinna showed in odd ratios analysis a 7:1 ratio (recurrence CG:GBI) and ear wax/pus (4:1) from D42 to D365. It is concluded that gold-bead implantation into acupuncture points improves resolution of some clinical signs and greatly reduce relapses in CCROE affected dogs after 1 year follow-up (98.75%).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.125-128
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• 2013

In April 2010, pruritic symptoms were recognized in 3 privately-owned Siamese cats raised in Gwangju, Korea. Examination of ear canals revealed dark brown, ceruminous otic exudates that contain numerous live mites at various developmental stages. Based on morphological characteristics of adult mites in which caruncles were present on legs 1 and 2 in adult females and on legs 1, 2, 3, and 4 in adult males while the tarsus of leg 3 in both sexes was equipped with 2 long setae, the mite was identified as Otodectes cynotis. Ten ear mite-free domestic shorthaired cats were experimentally infected with O. cynotis to evaluate the efficacy of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on. Live mites were recovered from 1 of 10 treated cats on day 9 post-treatment (PT) while no live mites were observed from the ear canals of treated cats on days 16 and 30 PT. The efficacy of 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on on O. cynotis in cats was, therefore, 90% on day 9 and 100% on days 16 and 30 PT. This is the first report of otodectosis in 3 cats naturally infested with O. cynotis in Gwang-ju, Korea. Both natural and experimental infestations were successfully treated with 10% imidacloprid/1% moxidectin spot-on.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.250-260
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• 2022

Background: Cranial nerve ganglia, which are prone to viral infections and tumors, are located deep in the head, so their detailed anatomy is difficult to understand using conventional cadaver dissection. For locating the small ganglia in medical images, their sectional anatomy should be learned by medical students and doctors. The purpose of this study is to elucidate cranial ganglia anatomy using sectioned images and three-dimensional (3D) models of a cadaver. Methods: One thousand two hundred and forty-six sectioned images of a male cadaver were examined to identify the cranial nerve ganglia. Using the real color sectioned images, real color volume model having a voxel size of 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm was produced. Results: The sectioned images and 3D models can be downloaded for free from a webpage, anatomy.dongguk.ac.kr/ganglia. On the images and model, all the cranial nerve ganglia and their whole course were identified. In case of the facial nerve, the geniculate, pterygopalatine, and submandibular ganglia were clearly identified. In case of the glossopharyngeal nerve, the superior, inferior, and otic ganglia were found. Thanks to the high resolution and real color of the sectioned images and volume models, detailed observation of the ganglia was possible. Since the volume models can be cut both in orthogonal planes and oblique planes, advanced sectional anatomy of the ganglia can be explained concretely. Conclusions: The sectioned images and 3D models will be helpful resources for understanding cranial nerve ganglia anatomy, for performing related surgical procedures.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

54 마리의 외이염에 이환된 개에서 하이드로코티손 아세포네이트-겐타마이신-미코나졸 국소 혼합제제인 이소틱($Easotic^{(R)}$, Virbac, Carros, France)의 효과를 평가하였다. 외이염 환자들은 이소틱을 하루 1번 적용하여 5일 동안 치료 받았고 2일 동안 휴약 하였으며 처음 적용일로부터 7일 후 평가되었다. 적용 후에 외이염이 지속되는 경우 추가적으로 이소틱을 하루 1번 5일 동안 사용하고 2일 휴약 후에 처음 적용일로부터 14일 후 평가되었다. 이소틱의 효과를 평가하기 위해 8항목의 임상증상을 증상의 심한 정도로 등급을 매겨 점수화하였고 귀의 도말 표본에서 감염인자들을 준정량적으로 등급을 매겨 점수화하였다. 임상증상점수와 감염인자점수의 합을 전체임상점수로 정의하였다. 이소틱을 5일 동안 적용하였을 때 전체임상점수는 76% 감소하였다. 이소틱을 10일 동안 적용하였을 때 처음 5일 동안 전체임상점수는 46.6% 감소하였다. 추가적인 5일간 적용 후 처음 적용할 때와 비교하여 전체임상점수는 82.2% 감소하였다. 모든 케이스에서 실험 기간 동안 치료제와 관련된 부작용은 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 5일 간 이소틱 치료 및 10일 간 이소틱 치료는 개의 외이염을 치료하는데 있어서 효과적이고 안전한 방법으로 생각된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.16-31
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• 2019

Objective : The purpose of this study is to analyze the charcateristics of inpatients in Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Clinic by gender, age, season, and department of medical care after hospitalization from March, 2012 to February, 2018. Method : From March 1, 2012 to February 28, 2018, patients who were admitted to the Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology & Dermatology Clinic of Korean Medical Hospital were classified by gender, age, department, and season, and their relationship, hospitalization period, number of outpatient visits Differences were analyzed objectively using various statistical methods using IBM SPSS 18.0. Results : 1. The number of inpatients was 432, including duplication. Of these, 317 were female and 115 were male. The number of female patients was 2.8 times higher. 2. The average age of the inpatients was 43.9 years and the number of middle-aged 40-50 patients was 48.6%. 3. The number of inpatients in the departments was in the order of dermatology, otology, laryngology, rhinology, and ophthalmology. The most hospitalized diseases were eczema in the dermatology department, sudden hearing loss in the otology department, tonsillitis/peritonsillar abscess, rhinitis in the rhinology department, and dry eye syndrome in ophthalmology. 1) The effect of gender on the difference in the number of inpatients by subdivision was statistically significant. 2) The effect of age on the difference in the number of inpatients by subdivision was statistically significant. 3) The effect of seasons on the difference in the number of inpatients was not statistically significant. 4. The number of inpatients by season was in the order of winter, spring, summer, autumn, and the number of inpatients decreased significantly in autumn. 1) The effect of gender on the difference in the number of hospitalized patients by season was not statistically significant. 2) The effect of age on the difference in the number of hospitalized patients by season was not statistically significant. 5. The average length of hospital stay for inpatients was 10.7 days. 1) The effect of gender on length of hospital stay was not statistically significant. 2) The effect of age on hospital stay was not statistically significant. 3) The effect of the subdivision on hospital stay was statistically significant. 4) The effect of the season on hospital stay was not statistically significant. Conclusion : As a result of this study, the most distinctive feature of the present study was the high rate of inpatients with otic disease like idiopathic hearing loss and Meniere 's syndrome and the high rate of female patients. This may be related to the increased prevalence of the disease and the severity of the disease. In addition, the high rate of female patients suggests that women are more likely to be affected by illnesses, as well as to have more medical use and severe symptoms requiring hospitalization. In the future, it would be better to provide various treatment plans and policies for patients with otic diseases and female patients. Also it would be good if studies on these fields are made in the future.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.709-727
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• 2001

세포자기사(programmed cell death)는 배자발생과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 정상적인 생리적현상으로 알려져왔다. 생쥐 배자에서 세포자기사에 관한 많은 연구가 있었지만 초기 형태발생기동안의 전반적이고 구체적인 세포자기사 양상에 관한 보고는 없었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 발생 4.5일$\sim$11.5일째의 Balb/c생쥐배자에서 생쥐발생초기의 세포자기사가 일어나는 양상을 알아보았다. 세포자기사가 일어나는 양상은 배자 조직절편과 온전한 배자에 in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) 반응을 시켜 알아보았다. 주머니포배시기 (발생 4.5일째)에는 세포자기사 과정에 있는 세포가 극히 드물게 속세포명이에서 관찰되었다. Egg cylinder시기 초기(발생 $5.0\sim5.5$일째)에는 소수의 세포자기사 세포가 배자외배엽과 배자내배엽, 원시양막공간에서 나타났다. Egg cylinder시기 후반부(발생 $5.5\sim6.5$일)에는 세포자기사 세포가 배자외배엽, 배자내배엽, 원시양막공간 뿐만 아니라 바깥배자외배엽과 바깥배자내배엽 에서도 관찰되었다. Streak 시기 (발생 $6.75\sim7.75$일)에는 많은 세포자기사 세포가 ectoplacental cone부위에서 관찰된 반면에, 배자바깥 부위에서는 융모막과 바깥배자내배엽에서 매우 적은 수의 세포자기사 세포가 관찰되었고, 배자부위에서는 소수의 세포자기사 세포가 무작위적으로 배자외배엽과 중배엽, 그리고 배자내배엽 부위에서 관찰되었다. 체절형성기 초기 (발생 $8.0\sim8.5$일)에는 많은 수의 세포자기사 세포가 신경주름(neural fold)의 가장 앞쪽(머리쪽)에 주로 분포하는 것이 관찰되었다. 체절형성기 중기(발생 $9.0\sim9.5$일)에 귀기원판(otic placode)부위에서 처음으로 세포자기사 세포가 관찰되었고, 적은 수의 세포자기사 세포들이 또한 눈기원판(optic placode)과 아가미궁에서도 관찰되기 시작하였다. 발생 $9.5\sim9.75$일째에 크게 세가지 흐름의 세포자기사 세포들이 머리쪽 부위에서 관찰되었다. 발생 10.5일째에는 세포자기사 세포들이 발생중인 눈 부위와 안쪽코돌기와 바깥쪽코돌기 그리고 상악돌기가 만나는 부위, 아가미궁의 가쪽부위, 양쪽 하악돌기가 만나는 중앙부위, 그리고 팔다리싹의 꼭대기외배엽능선에 국한되어 관찰되었다. 발생 11.5일째에는 세포자기사 세포가 발생중인 팔다리부위와 꼬리부위를 제외한 나머지 부위에서는 현저히 감소되어 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 발생초기 동안에 나타나는 세포자기사 세포가 발생시기에 따라 어느 부위에 발현되는 가는 알아보았는데, 이러한 연구 결과는 배자의 형태발생을 연구하는데 기초적인 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.542-549
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• 2007

During a designated period(Jan. 2003$\sim$Jun. 2006), a total of 2,051 biopsy and necropsy cases submitted to Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University and local practitioners were diagnosed as canine tumors based on microscopic evaluation in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University. Four hundred and twenty of 2,051 tumor specimens excluding mammary(883, 43.1%) and cutaneous(748, 36.5%) tumors were included in this retrospective study. They were composed of genital tumors(189, 45.0%) followed by alimentary(113, 26.9%), hematopoietic(52, 12.4%), urinary(20, 4.8%), bone & joint(15, 3.6%), ocular & otic(9, 2.1%), respiratory(6, 1.4%), endocrine(6, 1.4%), and miscellaneous(10, 2.4%). Particular top ten tumor most frequently diagnosed were seminoma(48, 11.4%) followed by fibrous epulis(38, 9.0%), lymphoma(38, 9.0%), leiomyoma(33, 7.9%), fibroma(26, 6.2%), ovarian cyst(19, 4.5%), melanoma(15, 3.6%), papilloma(14, 3.3%), cystic endometrial hyperplasia(13, 3.1%), granulosa cell tumor(13, 3.1%) in descending order comprising 257(61.2%). The affected age of the animals with ten frequent tumors ranged from 3 months to 17 years old with a mean of 9.2 years old(n=218). There were no significant sex prevalence except female leiomyoma. The top seven anatomical sites of tumors inclusive were gingiva(62, 14.8%), testis(61, 14.5%), ovary(48, 11.4%), vagina(40, 9.5%), uterus(36, 8.6%), lymph node(30, 7.1%), and spleen(21, 5.0%).

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2002년도 국제심포지엄
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• pp.118-118
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• 2002

Programmed cell death (PCD) is thought as a well-controlled process by which unwanted cells are selectively eliminated. During the last decade many researches have elucidated molecules and their interactions involved in cell death by using largely in vitro induction of cell death or survival signals in a more defined manner, While these critical information and novel findings provide us with clearer understanding of mechanisms underlying cell death, it does by no means explain how PCD occurs and which cells or tissues are affected during normal embryonic development in vivo. In this study, we used zebrafish to examine whether the PCD is occurring selectively or randomly in developing embryos by whole mount in situ TUNEL analysis with specific markers for neural cells. The result revealed that the degree and distribution of TUNEL staining varied considerably throughout gastrulation stage, and there was also a number of TUNEL-negative embryos. Most of TUNEL-positive cells were scattered randomly throughout the blastoderm. During the gastrulation stage about 75 % of the embryos analyzed exhibited more than 5 TUNEL-positive cells. As the dorsal epiblast begins to thicken rather abruptly near the end of gastrulation, TUNEL-positive cells were mainly located along the dorsal side. Although there were some variations in TUNEL staining during segmentation and pharyngeal stages, TUNEL staining continued to be localized to the central nervous system, and was also detected in the sensory organs, trigeminal ganglions, and the primary sensory neurons. High levels of the cell death in developing brain between 20-somite and prim-6 stages are thought to play a role in the morphogenesis and organization of the brain. At prim-16 stage, cell death is considerably reduced in the brain region. Dying cells are mainly localized to the prospective brain region where ectodermal cells are about to initiate neurogenesis. As development progressed, high levels and more reproducible patterns of cell death were observed in the developing nervous system. Intensive TUNEL staining was restricted to the trigeminal ganglions, the primary sensory neurons, and sensory organs, such as olfactory pits and otic vesicles. Thus, PCD patterning in zebrafish embryos occurs randomly at early stages and becomes restricted to certain region of the embryos. The spatio-temporal pattern of PCD during the early embryonic development in zebrafish will provide basic information for further studies to elucidate genes involved in. regulation of PCD largely unknown in vivo during vertebrate embryogenesis.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-46
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• 2006

Purpose : The Purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of antithromb otic activities of Honghwadangguisan(HDS) Methods : Measured the effect which was given to blood flow rate through the regular volume of glass tube after the blood was diluted five times with ACD soulution. Antithrombotic effect was calculated as a percentage of the experimental animal figure protected from the paralysis of hind legs or death of the mouse that is caused from the administration of platelet aggregation regent. Each of the groups consisted in 8 mice, was divided into Normal, Control, and HBS. All of these 3 group were supplied a saline solution and after an hour the control group brought the dextran extravasated blood. Also the HDS group was dosed to the experimental mice with Oral Zonde one day before the experiment. After that, the mice were abstained from food. And then we gave a measured amount of it before an hour. Finally, it gave rise to dextran extravasated blood as well as the Control group. Results : The results were obtained as follows. In vitro, HDS inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP and epinephrine significantly as compared with the control group. HDS showed fibrinolytic activity insignificantly as compared with the control group. HDS reduced blood flow rate in significantly as compared with the control group. In vivo HDS inhibited pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine (inhibitive rate 50%). HDS increased number of platelet, fibrinogen amount and shortened prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time significantly but reduced blood flow rate insignificantly as compared with the control group in thrombus model induced by dextran. Conclusion : HDS is effective antithrombotic activity from experimental result.