• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2007

최근 MMORPG의 사용자생성콘텐츠를 중심으로 MMORPG의 발전방향에 대한 다양한 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 사용자생성콘텐츠는 IC사용자제작콘텐츠, IC사용자창작콘텐츠, OOC사용자제작콘텐츠, OOC사용자창작콘텐츠의 네 가지 유형으로 나뉠 수 있다. 마크르블랑이 제시한 게임디자인과 게임플레이 과정에서의 메커니즘, 다이나믹, 미학은 각 유형에 따라 다르게 나타난다. 따라서 사용자생성콘텐츠의 각 유형은 게임플레이과정에 흐르는 사용자의 각기 다른 욕망을 읽어내는 지표가 될 수 있고 이는 게임디자인과정에서 중요한 요소로 활용될 수 있다. 결국 MMORPG의 사용자생성콘텐츠는 게임디자인과 게임플레이 사이, IC문화와 OOC문화 사이의 상호작용을 이끌어내는 역할을 수행한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권1C호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

광학적 부호 분할 다중접속방식(OCDMA)은 각각의 사용자에게 고유의 부호어를 부여하여 여러 명의 사용자가 동시에 사용할 수 있게 하는 기술이다. 이 시스템에 쓰이는 광 직교 부호(OOC)는 좋은 성질의 자기상관관계와 상호상관관계를 지닌 이진 수열이라고 할 수 있다. 이러한 광 직교 부호의 자기상관관계와 상호상관관계 값은 그 시스템의 성능을 판가름하는 중요한 척도가 된다. 최근에는 1차원보다 더욱 많은 사용자를 지원하는 2차원 광 직교 부호설계기법이 많이 연구되고 있으며, 본 논문에서는 조합론을 이용하여 자기상관관계 값이 0이고 상호상관관계 값이 1인 다중 부호 무게를 가진 2차원 광 직교 부호를 설계하고 이러한 광 직교 부호의 크기에 대한 상한 값을 유도한다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2011

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an infrequent multi-systemic disease which is characterized by multiple keratocysts in the jaws, calcification of falx cerebri, and basal cell carcinomas. We report a case of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome in a 23-year-old man with emphasis on image findings of keratocyctic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) on panoramic radiograph, computed tomography, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, and Ultrasonography (US). In this case, pericoronal lesions were mostly orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) concerning the MR and US study, which tended to recur less. The aim of this report was to clarify the characteristic imaging features of the syndrome-related keratocysts that can be used to differentiate KCOT from OOC. Also, our findings suggested that the recurrence rate of KCOTs might be predicted based on their association to teeth.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.981-984
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• 1995

New diamineplatinum(Ⅱ) complexes of cyclohexylidenemalonate (chm) ligand, A2Pt(OOC)2C=C(CH2)4CH2 (1, A2=ethylenediamine (en); 2, A2=propylenediamine (pn); 3, A=NH3; 4, A=isopropylamine (ipa)) have been prepared. Their oxidation with H2O2 has led to the corresponding dihydroxoplatinum(Ⅳ) complexes: cis, cis, trans-A2Pt((OOC)2C=C(CH2)4CH2)(OH)2 (5, A2=en; 6, A2=pn; 7, A=NH3; 8, A=ipa). The title complexes have been characterized by means of various spectroscopies and X-ray crystallography. 5 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/a (Z=4) with a=12.098(7) Å, b=9.552(2) Å, c=16.258(4) Å, β=98.03(5)° and V=1860(1) Å3. The structure was refined to R=0.074. The local geometry around platinum atom is approximately octahedral with each hydroxide group in trans position. These platinum complexes are stable in aqueous solution. Pt(Ⅳ) complexes are readily reduced to the corresponding Pt(Ⅱ) complexes by ascorbic acid.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12C호
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• pp.1075-1081
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 optical orthogonal code를 (OOC) 사용하는 optical 부호 분할 다중 접속 (code division multiple access: CDMA) 시스템에 알맞은 부호 획득 알고리즘을 제안한다. 일반적으로 부호 획득 알고리즘의 평균 부호 획득 시간이 (mean acquisition time: MAT) 짧을수록 알고리즘의 성능이 뛰어나다고 말할 수 있다 기존의 Multiple-shift (MS) 알고리즘은 부호 획득을 두 단계로 나누어 수행함으로써, serial-search (SS) 알고리즘에 비해 빠른 부호 획득이 가능하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 enhanced multiple-shift (EMS) 알고리즘은 기존의 MS 알고리즘과는 달리 여러 개의 문턱값을 씀으로써 MS 알고리즘에 비해 더 짧은 MAT를 갖는다. 모의실험을 통해 제안한 EMS 알고리즘의 MAT 성능을 MS 알고리즘의 MAT 성능과 비교해 본 결과, 단일 사용자 환경 및 다중사용자 환경 모두에서 EMS 알고리즘이 MS 알고리즘에 비해 더 짧은 MAT를 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.354-364
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• 2003

A general method for the evaluation of the symbol error probability (SER) of ultra wideband (UWB) systems with various kind of modulation schemes (N-PAM, M-PPM, Bi-Orthogonal), in presence of multipath channel, multiuser and strong narrowband interference, is presented. This method is shown to be able to include all the principal multiaccess techniques proposed so far for UWB, time hopping (TH), direct sequence (DS) and optical orthogonal codes (OOC). A comparison between the performance of these multiple access and modulation techniques is given, for both ideal Rake receiver and minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer. It is shown that for all the analyzed multiple access schemes, a Rake receiver exhibits a high error floor in presence of narrowband interference (NBI) and that the value of the error floor is in-fluenced by the spectral characteristics of the spreading code. As expected, an MMSE receiver offers better performance, representing a promising candidate for UWB systems. When the multiuser interference is dominant, all multiple access techniques exhibit similar performance under high-load conditions. If the number of users is significantly lower than the spreading factor, then DS outperforms both TH and OOC. Finally 2PPM is shown to offer better performance than the other modulation schemes in presence of multiuser interference; increasing the spreading factor is proposed as a more effective strategy for SER reduction than the use of time diversity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.387-392
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• 2009

As Our society's environmental awareness and concern the significant increases, the importance of the legal system for environmental conservation such as the Prior Environmental Review System, Environmental Impact Assessment is growing increasingly. but, still critical issues are present such as reliability. Though there could be various causes such as the system or procedures etc. Above all, basically the environmental data problem is the critical cause. Therefore, this study was trying to improve the environmental data accuracy using the high-resolution color aerial photography, LiDAR data and Object Oriented Classification method. And in this study, classification based on coverage percentage of a particular species was attempted through the multi-resolution segmentation and multi-level classification method. The classification result was verified by comparison with 11 points local survey data. All 11 points were classified correctly. And even though the exact coverage percentage of the particular species did not be measured, It was confirmed that the species was occupied similar portion. It is important that the environmental data which can be used for the conservation value assessment could be acquired.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.82-85
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• 2012

The formation of zinc finger peptide-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes in electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was examined using three different metal ion sources: $ZnCl_2$, $Zn(CH_3COO)_2$, and $Zn(OOC(CHOH)_2COO)$. For the four zinc finger peptides (Sp1-1, Sp1-3, CF2II-4, and CF2II-6) that bind only a single $Zn^{2+}$ in the native condition, electrospray of apo-zinc finger in solution containing $ZnCl_2$ or $Zn(CH_3COO)_2$ resulted in the formation of zinc finger-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes with multiple zinc ions. This result suggests the formation of nonspecific zinc finger-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes. Zn(tartrate), $Zn(OOC(CHOH)_2COO)$, mainly produced specific zinc finger-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes with a single zinc ion. This study clearly indicates that tartrate is an excellent counter ion in ESI-MS studies of zinc finger-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes, which prevents the formation of nonspecific zinc finger-$Zn^{2+}$ complexes.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권11A호
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• pp.1056-1063
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 기존 단극성 원 빔(one beam) 레이저 방식의 단점을 개선한 차량용 듀얼 빔 레이저 레이더 시스템을 설계하였다. 양극성 m-시퀀스를 두 개의 레이저 파장에 할당함으로써 2차원 OOC(orthogonal optical codes)와 유사한 특성을 갖도록 하고 수신부에서 두 개의 단극성 신호를 차동구조를 이용하여 양극성 신호로 합성하는 방법을 이용한 SNR 개선 방안을 제시하고 이의 성능을 분석하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안하는 듀얼 빔 방식이 기존 원 빔 단극성 신호방식의 레이저 레이더 시스템에 비해 3dB의 SNR 개선이 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 차등구조를 이용한 간단한 간섭제거 기법을 제시하였다. 제안한 방식은 단극성 광 신호를 기반으로 제안된 최근의 우수한 연구 결과들에 적용함으로써 3dB의 SNR 이득을 추가로 확보할 수 있는 장점이 있다.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-30
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical feature of retaining ligament and fat compartment on the lower eyelid and infraorbital region using a histological method, and to investigate clear definitions for them which could be used generally in the clinical area. Eighteen specimens from eight fresh Korean cadavers were stained with Masson trichrome or hematoxylin and eosin. The ligamentous and fascial fibrous tissue were clearly identified. The ligamentous fibrous tissue which traversed in the superficial and deep fat layer was skin ligament and orbicularis retaining ligament (ORL). The fascial fibrous tissue enclosed the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOc) and circumferencial adipose tissue. Based on the ligamentous and fascial structure, three fat compartments, septal, suborbicularis oculi and infraorbital fat compartment, could be identified. The OOc attached to orbital rim and dermis by ORL and skin ligament, and the muscle fascicle and fat fascicle provided the connection point to the ORL and skin ligament as enclosing all muscle and fat tissue. The combination of the force made by the skin ligament in the lower eyelid and ORL may decide the level and form of the infraorbital grooves.