• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 1977

Diameter growth was surveyed for 22 years-old pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) growing on the forest land (site protected from artificial damage) and the resting place (site open for the recreation) of the Children Park, Seoul, Korea on September 28, 1975. The purpose of the survey was to find out difference in the tree growth between the two sites, and possible causes of the difference. Both the resting place and the forest land have deep fertile sandy-loam soil, moderate slope for south-west. The resting place, however, has much higher soil compactness by treading than the forest land. Before May 5, 1973, the opening date of the park, the trees on the resting place had higher diameter growth than those on the forest land as measured with increament borer. After the Park opening the trees on the resting place showed less growth than those on the forest land. In 1975, the growth on the resting place was less than that of the forest land by 6.5% at 1% significant level. The difference in growth was attributed to the soil compactness of the resting place by treading. The necessity for the same kind of study with other species for the tree management of parks was suggested.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

This study was conducted to clarify reasonable root pruning and transplanting density for efficient production of seedlings of Quercus species, which is a representative planting species in Korea. Seedlings of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata, which were pruned roots by 5 cm, showed poorer above-ground and root growth compared to those pruned by 10 cm and 15 cm, and growth performance of seedlings pruned by 10 cm was shown similarly those pruned by 15 cm. The growth performance of seedlings transplanted in the density of below 64 seedlings per $m^2$ was greater than those transplanted in the density of over 81 seedlings per $m^2$. Therefore, one-year-old seedlings of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata should be transplanted in the density of 64 seedlings per $m^2$ after pruning their roots by 10 cm to obtain excellent growth performance and increase the efficiency of transplanting. The results of this study can be used as baseline for producing superior seedlings of Q. acutissima and Q. serrata at nursery and understanding early transplanting performance of the species.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.1
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• pp.98-105
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• 1998

We measured seedling growth, foliar nutrient and extract concentrations of 3-year-old Ginkgo biloba seedlings growing in a nursery following a single fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen plus phosphorus (N+P) fertilizers. Fertilization did not change foliage, stem and root biomass of the seedlings except for the high N+P treatment, Foliar N and P concentrations following fertilization varied according to the amount of fertilizers. In general, foliar N and P concentrations increased with fertilization, but fertilization with 400kg N/ha and 100kg P/ha decreased foliar N and P concentrations, respectively. Seedling growth and foliar nutrient concentrations showed that N and P were the growth-limiting nutrients in our study site. It was found that fertilization reduced the concentrations of secondary metabolites (Ginkgo flavon glycosides and terpene lactones) in foliages. It seemed there was a relationship between foliage biomass production and secondary chemicals in G. biloba seedlings.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.223-234
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• 2023

Appropriate fertilization methods are required according to species to supply necessary nutrients to plants and prevent soil environmental contamination in nurseries. In this study, the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the growth of Liriodendron tulipifera and soil characteristics were investigated. After 16 fertilization treatments (4 levels of nitrogen × 4 levels of phosphorus) were applied to one-year-old L. tulipifera seedlings at the Yongmun Nursery Station of the Korea Forest Service, height, root collar diameter (RCD), biomass, leaf nutrients, and soil characteristics were investigated. The height increased as the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization increased, and the RCD was the highest in the ×2 treatment. Biomass growth was on average 40.0% higher for the treatment with high nitrogen fertilization compared to the low nitrogen treatment. The seedling quality index was the highest with nitrogen and phosphorus ×2 treatment. Leaf phosphorus and magnesium concentrations decreased when nitrogen fertilization was applied, and leaf potassium concentrations decreased as nitrogen fertilization increased. Soil pH and exchangeable potassium decreased as the amount of phosphorus application increased, and exchangeable magnesium decreased as the amount of nitrogen application increased and increased as the amount of phosphorus application increased. Considering the growth of L. tulipifera seedlings and changes in the soil characteristics at the nursery stage, twice the standard fertilization amount is the appropriate fertilization amount for nursery of the Yongmun Nursery Station. It is expected that this study will contribute to improving nursery soil fertilization management technology for healthy seedling production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.124-132
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• 2001

This study was conducted to reveal the relationship between physiological characteristics and growth by family for open-pollinated progeny stand of Korean white pine in Gapyung site. Average growth performance of total 25 families for 18 years old progeny stand in this study site showed 5.9m in mean height, 8.9cm in mean DBH, $12.0m^2$ in basal area per hectare and $46.5m^3$ in volume per hectare, respectively. By the analysis result of growth performance for all 25 families, family No. 20 showed the most excellent growth and middle in family No. 10. On the other hand, family No. 3 represented the worst growth among the 25 families. The change of seasonal photosynthesis rate by increasing luminous intensity was the same tendency as the growth pattern of all 25 families and showed the same results in all four seasons. In the seasonal analysis, the photosynthesis rate was increased as the season has changed from winter to summer. Chlorophyll contents was also increased from winter to summer. Especially, family No. 20 which is the best in growth performance has more chlorophyll contents than the others. In addition, family No. 20 was also better than other families in the weight of assimilation tissue(g), length of needle(cm), width of needle(cm), and number of Stoma. However, in water utilization rate, family No. 3 which is the worst in the growth performance showed the best result that is reverse tendency compared with the photosynthesis rate. The changes of water utilization rate represented to be increased as the season has changed from winter to summer.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.633-643
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• 2019

Growth characteristics [stem diameter (D), tree height (H)] and wood properties [Pilodyn penetration (P) and stress-wave velocity (SWV)] were measured for 65 families of 6-year-old Acacia mangium trees planted in Indonesia, in order to characterize their variation in D, H, P, and SWV. Therefore, the correlations between the measured characteristics were also determined, and their significant differences observed. Furthermore, their low to moderate values of narrow-sense heritability was obtained, and the results indicated the characteristics to be genetically controlled in A. mangium. In addition, highly significant positive correlations were observed among the growth characteristics, suggesting a close relationship, while there was no significant association between the growth characteristics and P, as well as SWV, indicating their independent. Therefore, these results demonstrate a potential for the improvement of both growth and wood properties of A. mangium trees, using the appropriate breeding programs. In addition, 18 families showed good performance in D and SWV, signifying their positive prospect of being considered as plus trees for the next generation breeding cycles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2001

To investigate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and thinning on growth and nutrition of current-year needle and twigs in Pinus koraiensis we treated two clone banks with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer in Yongin and Chuncheon, and also thinned two plantations with three intensities in Yangpyeong. The fertilization and thinning effects greatly varied depending on study sites and stand ages. However, dry weights of needle and twig increased following low nitrogen fertilization in older stands. Moderate thinning increased dry weight and nitrogen concentration of twigs in the 12-year-old stand.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2015

Zelkova serrata is an important hardwood species for the timber industry in Japan. Tree breeding programs for this species have mainly focused on growth characteristics such as stem diameter (D), tree height (TH), stem form, and branching. In order to fulfill timber industry needs, wood quality improvement should be included in the tree breeding program of this species. In the present study, growth characteristics, such as D and TH, and the stress-wave velocity (SWV), which is highly correlated with Young's modulus of wood, were measured for 20-year-old Z. serrata from eight half-sib families planted in a progeny test site with three different initial spacings. Significant differences in all the measured characteristics were found among the eight half-sib families. The variance components of the half-sib families for D, TH, and SWV were 27.2%, 47.3%, and 33.5%, respectively. These results indicate that all the measured characteristics of this species could be improved by tree breeding programs. In addition, only low correlation coefficients were obtained between the growth characteristics and SWV, indicating that extensive selection on SWV in tree breeding programs may not always lead to a reduction in yield volume.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.69 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 1985

Heritability of height and diameter growth was estimated for 3-year-old seedlings from 75 mother trees in Pinus koraiensis. Estimates of single tree and family heritability by variance analysis were $h^2{_I}$ > 1.0 and $h^2{_F}=0.87$ for height and $h^2{_I}=0.52$ and $h^2{_F}=0.64$ for diameter respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.3
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• pp.281-290
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal planting density for Zelokva serrata plantations. The study sites were located in Gyeongsan (GS) and Sunchang (SC), Korea. One-year-old, bare-root seedlings were planted at densities of 3,000; 5,000; 7,000; and 10,000 trees ha^-1 at the end of March 2015. We measured the root collar diameter and height each September from 2015 to 2019, and then calculated the H/D ratio and stem volume. The root collar diameter and height increased with increased planting density, and the stem volume was significantly higher at 10,000 trees ha^-1 than those at the other planting densities. Planting density did not affect the survival rate or H/D ratio. The root collar diameter, height, and stem volume were higher in GS than those in SC five years after planting. This study highlights that early growth performance was improved at increased planting densities at both sites. This study suggests that the initial planting density of 10,000 trees ha^-1 is suitable to improve the early growth performance of Z. serrata plantations, and that the improved growth performance at higher planting densities may be a silvicultural characteristic of Z. serrata.