• Informatization Policy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.17-43
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the directions of information and communication technology(ICT) education in K-12 based on the analysis of ICT accessibility and utilization levels of Korean students. To this end, we analyzed the trends of Korea and OECD countries by survey period, focusing on the OECD PISA 'ICT familiarity survey' conducted in 2009, 2012 and 2015. The surveyed subjects were 15 year-old students and the analysis method was calculated based on the sampling weights. The results of the analysis of Korean students are as follows: First, ICT accessibility at home increased from 2009 to 2015, but was consistently lower than the OECD average. Second, the overall Internet usage time was lower than the OECD average. The Internet usage time on weekdays increased from 2012 to 2015, but on weekends decreased. Third, the ICT accessibility in schools decreased from 2009 to 2012, and increased in 2015, but was lower than the OECD average in 2015. Fourth, the student age ratio of first time computer usage increased from 2012 to 2015 and the average age for computer usage began before age 6, but was below the OECD average. Lastly, student use of digital devices for items such as Internet searches for entertainment and SNS activity has increased from 2012 to 2015, but the level of everyday use such as e-mail, online chat, program downloading, and reading Internet news has decreased. Based on these results, this study suggested policy plans for the improvement of ICT education for elementary and secondary school students in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.169-191
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to check the educational influence and accountability of school library and to derive implications for the improvement of public education, using raw data of OECD PISA 2009. To do this, the reading achievement as well as questionnaire of 4,989 Korean students' data in OECD PISA 2009 were used. It analyzed how the visit of library can affect reading achievement, reading attitude and behavioral through structural equation modeling method. The results were as follows. The library use factor is a cause-effect relationship among reading achievement, reading attitude and behavioral factors. In addition, the reading attitude is a cause-effect relationship between reading behavior factor and reading achievement. In the part of reading behavior is a cause-effect relationship reading achievement. In the results of applying this causal relationship of whole population, in some individual cases, they are activated as moderating variable.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2015

In the 21st century knowledge and information society, students' ICT skills is a necessary tool. So, the OECD PISA survey and compares students' ICT skills across OECD countries by every three years. As a result, we are looking forward to reflecting on education. In this study, I analyzed the 2009 and 2012 PISA ICT statistics. Analysis items are as follows. Is any of these devices available for students to use at home or at school? How often do students use a computer for following activities at school? Analysis tools adopted a method to compare the ratios of the average. The results are as follows. In 2008, five items of availability of ICT at schools were evenly by five groups In 2012, all five items is very low group. Except for one of the eight items of use of ICT at school, and all items are the lowest group. In 2012, all eight items are the lowest group. Korea ICT indicators have been very down in 2012 than in 2009.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.863-882
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• 2013

Shanghai has been reported as the highest performing countries(economies) in PISA 2009 and PISA 2012. In this reason, we reviewed literatures related to educational system of Shanghai focusing on the mathematics education. Additionally, we analysed the results of PISA 2009 of mathematics domain between Korea and Shanghai to compare some differences between two countries. As a result, we discovered the followings: 1) Comparing with Shanghai students, Korea students attained low performance in every sub-categories of mathematics abilities indicated in the PISA framework. 2) In PISA 2009 Framework, Korea students produced low achievement than Shanghai students in sub-categories of "reflection". 3) In PISA 2012 Framework. Korea students attained low performance than Shanghai students in sub-categories of "formulating". Consequently, it gave us insight into the idea that school mathematics in Korea should use authentic context to help students improve their competencies "reflection" and "formulating".

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.331-351
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• 2014

This study analyzed students', parents of student, and school master' survey materials and reading, math, and science knowledge performance based on OECD PISA 2009 Koreana data. Also, school library level variables grasped the impacts of academic achievement. Through this study looked for suggestion to improvement, educational accountability and leverage of school library. The results, first, when they use reading more pleasantly thought, they achieve higher scores in academic performance. Second, when they use more books and reading resources in housekeeping, they achieve higher scores in academic performance. Third, when they were more visits school library for exploit internet, they achieve higher lower scores in academic performance. Fourth, when the member of the staff in the school library are more lack of people, they achieve lower scores in academic performance. Fifth, private education's experience in reading have a negative influence in reading achievement and science achievement. Sixth, school library's visiting and library application study about national language curriculum in the impacts of academic performance would not change statistical evaluation significantly.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.61-89
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• 2009

This paper undertakes an international study on impacts of private education spending on student academic performance, using the OECD's PISA 2006 data. To circumvent endogeneity of the education spending, it relies on a propensity-score matching method. The empirical results suggest thai the effect of private education spending remains only modest for all the countries examined in the PISA 2006 data. A 10 percent increase in spending leads to no more than a 0.6 percent average improvement in test scores.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.538-551
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• 2013

Korea is reported as one of the highest performing OECD countries in PISA 2009 science achievement, ranking $4^{th}{\sim}7^{th}$ among 65 participating countries. However, the top level 6 percentage came only at 1.1% and ranks $18^{th}$ among paticipating countries. Such dissatisfying results call for attention to seek effective teaching and learning strategies for top level students in Korea. This study aims to investigate the effect of reading motivational and behavioral factors on PISA 2009 science achievement for the population who scored high compared to populations scoring middle and low. For this purpose, PISA 2009 science achievement as well as students questionnaire data were utilized. Variables of reading motivational and behavioral factors were selected and structural equation modeling was employed to examine a hypothetical cause-effect relationship between reading factors and science achievement. It was found that there is a cause-effect relationship between reading factors and science achievement for the whole population. For those in the top 16% of students in PISA 2009 science achievement, reading behaviors on text-memorization have had little or no effects, while reading motivational and other behavioral factors showed a significant influence. In contrast, the middle 68% and low 16% populations have had significant effects for text-memorization on science achievement.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to understand Korea students' characteristics as well as to give important information of improving our education using comparative analysis of framework, test booklets, test results between PISA 2009 and NAEA 2009. PISA 2009 was administered on May of 2009 and NAEA was administered on October of same year. The summary of the results of comparing two assessment is as follows First, cut score of NAEA Advance level is bigger than the cut score of level 5, which is considered as high achievement level. The cut score of Basic level of NAEA is also higher than the level 2 of PISA, which is considered as basic achievement level. This phenomenon can show that NAEA achievement level is set little bit higher than the achievement level of PISA in mathematics domain. Second, the percentage of female students on higher level was higher than that of male students. In suburban area, the percentage of high level was small and the percentage of low level was big. Third, students of Advanced level are distributed concentrating in PISA levels 4~6, Proficient achievement level concentrating in PISA levels 3~5, Basic achievement level concentrating in PISA levels 2~4, and below basic achievement levels concentrating in below level 1 and level 3 of PISA. Fourth, the correlation between NAEA 2009 and PISA 2009 achievement scores are significantly positive. However, the correlation of subscales were low. Fifth, analysis of non-equivalent group, 11 items located in 'change and relationship', 'uncertainty', 'connection cluster' domains found to be significantly different. The percent correct showed very big difference. The analysis results presents the implication of mathematics curriculum, teaching and learning methods as well as National Assessment of Educational Achievement.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.527-542
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• 2016

In the mathematics curriculum that was revised in 2009, statistical literacy is explicitly addressed as a goal and specific objectives are included. However, statistical literacy has not been addressed in the studies on KSAT. This study aimed to draw implications on how to improve KSAT in a sense that statistical literacy could be evaluated instead of testing typical facts or skills by comparing KSAT with SAT. We used mathematical problem solving process and category of context of PISA framework (OECD, 2013) to administer the comparison of KSAT and SAT. Result shows that both KSAT and SAT use various context, but items in KSAT is limited in assessing critical understanding. We suggested several ways to develop context-based items for KSAT in which statistical literacy could be assessed.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.249-269
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• 2012

In an attempt to promote reading among middle school students which has been declining sharply, this study suggests new directions for reading education in school libraries. The study examined the following: correlation between students' attitudes toward reading and their reading achievements as revealed in PISA 2009, nationwide survey results on reading, and studies on attitudes and motives for reading. Korean students' reading achievement is very high among the OECD countries but their reading attitude is not positive enough. The strong positive relationship between pleasure reading and reading achievement indicates the importance of the provision of ample collections at school libraries as well as library programs fostering independent, free-will reading. Reading programs at school libraries should cater to students' individual characteristics and needs, such as their sex, abilities, affective and cognitive attitudes, experiences, as well as the quantity, the formats, and the time of their reading, etc.