• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.121-131
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• 2008

Purpose: To confirm reference value for Korean version of FSFI in selecting subjects for clinical trial of sexual dysfunction in female. Methods: Purpose of the research was explained and anonymity was guaranteed to 41 women enlisted in 6 oriental medical clinics in Seoul and Incheon province and the scores for Korean version of FSFI which participants made out themselves were analyzed so that mean value and the distribution could be investigated. Results: Mean value for Korean version of FSFI of 40 participants scored 26.32 and from this score, the participants of clinical trial were enlisted to confirm whether or not the mean value could be applied. Conclusion: The mean value for Korean version of FSFI, which scored 26 might be acceptable as a criterion for selecting participants in clinical trial of sexual dysfunction.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.308-317
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• 2007

This study was investigated to know the correlation of complete blood count(CBC), biochemical examination and DSOM fluents(Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine, (C)2005-01-122-004154). There are 5 fluents in DSOM such as DSOM score(病機點數), mean of the index for pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均), 5-division of DSOM score(病機點數 五點尺度), 5-division of the index for pathogenic factor(病機點數 五點尺度), weighted pathogenic factor(病機加重値).We have carried out clinical trials who volunteered for Sasang constitutional medicine and Oriental OB & GY, Oriental Medical hospital of Dong-Eui University, from May 2005 to June 2006. Volunteers were 245 persons. Because 7 persons didn't checkup DSOM, so we analyzed the results statistically for 238 persons. In the relation of CBC and DSOM, the scores(病機點數, zp) and mean of the index for Pathogenic factor(病機指標 平均, zps) showed correlation more frequently, and correlation with results of RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit was more significant. Correlation with fluents of pathogenic factor(病機) were more significant and high in deficiency of blood(血虛), insufficiency of Yang(陽虛), coldness(寒), damp(濕), dryness(燥), kidney(腎), phlegm(痰), heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺), and was very low in spleen(脾). There was no correlation with deficiency of Yin(陰虛). If volunteers have DSOM fluents, results of RBC and RBC index was decreased(- derection), and results of RDW, ESR was increased(+ direction). But increase and decrease direction in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺) was contrary to the others. Correlation with fluents of Pathogenic factor(病機) of WBC, platlet, PDW, MPV was not many. In the relation of biochemical examination and DSOM fluents, correlation with results of albumin, uric acid, triglyceride was more significant. If volunteers have fluents of pathogenic factor(病機), result of examination was usually decreased. Especially result of examination was decreased(- derection) highly in deficiency of blood(血虛), stagnation of (氣滯) coldness(寒), dryness(燥), and was increased(+ direction) highly in heat syndrom(熱), lung(肺). But there was a tendency to show high correlation with specific pathogenic factor (病機) and specific examination in biochemical examination.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2007

Objectives : Korean traditional acupuncture Theory, Sa-am's 5 phases acupuncture method was originated in 1644-1742, in the middle of the Cho Sun dynasty. This study was to verify the effect of Sa-am Acupuncture Treatment on dysmenorrhea of Women. Methods : The subjects were 49 volunteers who were suffering for dysmenorrhea, employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain (MMP) questionnaire. Subjects were divided into two groups including Sa-am acupuncture treatment group(n=23) and minimal acupuncture treatment group(n=26). They had agreed to take part in tIris experiment, with didn't take any anodyne drugs. In the acupuncture group, subjects were stimulated at $GB_{41}$, $SI_3$, $GL_{66}$, $SI_2$(Small intestine jung-guk) and $SP_6$. In the control group, subjects were needled at $L_{10}$, $S_{40}$, $P_5$, $G_{40}$ points have any effect on dysmenorrhea. A total of 5 acupuncture sessions were performed for each patient depending on the individual menstruation cycle. The MMP score by using 7 questions and the Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL-D) were measured before and after menstruation cycle. Collected data were analyzed as frequency, percentage, paired t-test, independent t-test using SPSS 10.0 WIN Program. Results : Acupuncture treatment produced a significant improvement on dysmenorrhea in two groups, but a statistically significant difference was not shown in the acupuncture group compare to control group. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it was verified that Acupuncture Treatment was effective in decreasing the symptom of Dysmenorrhea.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.398-411
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• 2001

The separation system of pharmacy and clinic has begun on the purpose of preventing drug misuse and abuse since July 1st of 2000. The system revealed some conflicts between doctors. pharmacists and consumers. Consequently pharmaceutical law and related policies undergone some change. Now in an early period of the implementation of the system, the necessity to examine relevance of those policies and law enforcement to medical doctors' prescriptions pattern evolves. This study tries to verify the pattern through a field study. For the purpose, 930 prescriptions collected in May of 2001, from a pharmacy located in Gangnam-gu in Seoul, were analysed. The prescriptions were issued from several clinics: 459 prescriptions from otorhinolaryngological clinic(ENT), 177 from internal medicine clinic(IM), 130 from ophthalmic clinic(Opt), 52 from obstetric and gynecologic clinic(OB & GY), and 112 from miscellaneous clinics. ENT, IM, Opt. OB & GY are situated in a clinic building of 40m distance. The general findings are following: 1) $88.8\%$ of the total patients came from 5clinics in nearby single clinic building. 2) Average prescribing days were 6.2 days and the average number of used drugs were 4.0 drugs, i.e. 2-4 times of WHO criteria 1-2 drugs. 3) Use of antibiotics in the oral administration drugs rated $71.8\%(WHO: \;22.7\%)$ 4) Use of injection rated $31.3\%(WHO:\;17.2\%)$ 5) $96.2\%$ of the patients use multiple antibiotics in the injection and oral administration together. 6) The patients had multiple disease : ENT patients 1.7 disease and 1M patients has 2.7 disease in average and several regular prescribing types evolved particularly in the ENT prescription. With this result we found that drugs. especially antibiotics are still abused a lot, and there were significant differences in the number of used drugs and prescrbing days between the clinics. It implies somes differences of the preparation work and time for pharmacists. And preparation can be done in advance by pharmacists' own efforts through noticing regular prescribing types. The study suggests the followings: 1) Patient counseling should be done to minimize the incidence of adverse events. 2) The enforcement of the standardized differential preparation price system should be reconsidered. 3) Preparation of typical regularly appeared prescription in advance. which is regarded as 'a prearranged work between doctors and pharmacists' and has been prohibited should be reconsidered. 4) Drug utilization review program should be established to prevent drugs abuse. especially antibiotics abuse.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.28-47
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Angelicae gigantis Radix (AGR) which is one of the most useful herbal-drug to treat patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in Oriental medicine on gene expression of ovary tissue. Methods: The effects of AGR on gene expression of ovary tissue resected from PCOS induced rats using single injection of $\ss$-Estradiol 17-valerate (EV) was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Results: Total 2,812 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated, 1,421 genes were up-regulated, 1,391 genes were down-regulated by induction of PCOS. Up-regulated genes were mainly involved in biological function such as cell signalling pathways and inflammatory response. Expression levels of 1,442 genes were restored to those of naive animals by administration of AGR. 558 genes were restored to those of naive animals, which were lowered by induction of PCOS. 884 genes were lowered to naive levels, which were elevated by induction of PCOS. The functions of restored genes were partially involved in the restoration of expression levels, which were changed by induction of PCOS. Especially, up-regulated gene by induction of PCOS were mainly involved in these changes. These results mean restorative effects of AGR on damaged functions by induction of PCOS. The network of total protein interactions was measured using cytoscape program, and some key molecules, such as IRS2, MCM10, ORC2L related in up-regulated genes, CTBP2, CD44, RHOA, related in down-regulated genes that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future were identified. Conclusion: Restored genes by AGR were thought to have common pathways related in regulation of gene expressions. Especially, genes in restored expression levels by AGR, which were up-regulated by induction of PCOS, were regulated by 9 of common transcription factors, genes in restored expression levels by AGR, which were down-regulated by induction of PCOS, were involved in 25 of common transcription factors.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.38-55
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was designed to find out the anti-cancer effects of Samultang-Gami which was composed of Rehmanniae Radix(RR), Angelicae Gigantis Radix(AGR), Cnidii Rhizoma(CR), Paeoniae Radix(PR), Cortex Moutan Radicis(CMR), Hedyotis Diffusa(HD) and Caesalpinia Sappan on HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells. Methods: Various cancer cell lines including HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells, were used. In vitro anti-cancer effects were measured by MTT assay using cancer cell lines treated with various concentrations of 70% ethanol extract of Samultang-Gami. Expression of cell cycle arrest mediators including Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and DARP-1 proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. Results: 1. Samultang-Gami decreased the viability of HeLa and HepG cells in a dosedependent manner. 2. AGR, CMR, PR and HD decreased the viability of HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells. 3. We could observe that the decreased Bax and Bcl-2 expression level and the increased PARP-1 expression level by Samultang-Gami extracts treated in HeLa cells. 4. We could observe that the decreased Bcl-2 expression level and the increased Bax, p53 and PARP-1 expression level by RR extracts treated in HeLa cells. and also could observe that the reduction of the protein level of Bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1 and the increase of the protein level of Bax by PR in HeLa cells. 5. We could observe that the increased p53 expression level, the decreased PARP-1's that and the unchanged Bax and Bcl-2's that by Samultang-Gami extracts treated in HepG2 cells. 6. We could observe that the reduced Bcl-2 expression level by each of RR extracts and PR extracts in HepG2 cells. 7. The treatment of Samultang-Gami in AGS cells didn't have any effect on the expression level of Bax, Bcl-2, p53 and PARP-1. 8. We could observe that the increased p53 and PARP-1 expression level by each of CR, RR and PR extracts in AGS cells. Conclusion: Taken together, we suggest that Samultang-Gami exhibits cytotoxic effects on HeLa, HepG2 and AGS cells, causing apoptosis. The results showed that Samultang-Gami may do so by regulating the expression of specific target molecules that promote efficient apoptotic cell death in a dose-dependent manner.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

목적: 일산화질소 (nitric oxide; NO)는 생식계를 비롯한 여러 생체내 기관에서 다양하고도 중요한 작용을 하는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 복강액은 난관내강과 연결되어 복강액 내의 세포 성분의 변화는 난관의 미세환경을 변화시켜 수정과 초기 배아 발생에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 본 연구는 배아 발생에 있어서 일산화질소의 역할을 이해하고 복강액 내의 NO농도 변화가 배아 발생에 미치는 역할을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 방법: 과배란시킨 1세대 잡종 암컷 생쥐 (C57BL${\times}$CBA/Ca)로부터 1세포기 배아를 얻어 10% synthetic serum substitute가 첨가된 modified human tubal fluid 배양액에서 4일 동안 체외배양하였다(대조군). 실험을 위해 이러한 배양조건에 sodium nitroprusside (SNP)를 $0{\sim}1mM$의 다양한 농도로 배양초기부터 첨가하거나, $200{\mu}M$ SNP를 2-, 4-, 8-세포기의 각기 다른 배아시기에 첨가하였으며, 복강경수술을 받는 42명의 여성으로부터 채취한 복강액을 SSS대신 단백질원으로 사용하여 포배아까지의 배아 발달율을 관찰하였으며, 복강액 내의 NO농도를 Griess방법에 의해 측정하였다. 배아의 apoptotic body는 H33342 염색법으로 조사하였으며 배아 발달율은 3회 이상 반복 실험한 결과의 mean${\pm}$SEM으로 나타내었다. 결과: SNP는 농도에 의존적으로 배발생을 억제하였으나 배아 단계에 대한 특이성은 관찰할 수 없었으며, 특히 $100{\mu}M$ 이상의 고농도의 SNP는 2-세포기 단계에서 배아 발생을 정지시켰다. 또한 단백질원으로 복강액 이용시 배 발생율은 복강액 내의 NO 농도에 따라 현저한 차이가 발견되었으며, $2.5{\mu}M$이상의 NO를 함유한 복강액에서 배양한 배아의 발생율은 현저하게 감소하였다. cGMP analogue인 8-bromo-cGMP를 배양액에 첨가시 배아 발생에는 변화가 없었으며, SNP에 의해 배발생이 정지된 2-세포기 배아에서 apoptotic body를 발견할 수 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 보아 NO는 고농도에서 배아 발생을 저해하며, 복강액 내의 NO와 같은 성분의 변화는 배아 발생에 유해한 효과를 유발할 것으로 사료된다. 이러한 NO의 배아 발생 억제효과는 cGMP로 중재되는 경로나 apoptosis유발과는 관계가 없는 것 같다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.261-265
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• 2000

Objective: This study was performed to evaluate the influence of maternal age on embryo quality and the frequency of multiple pregnancy in IVF-ET program. Method: 86 conventional IVF-ET cycles were divided into three groups according to the age by 5 year (group A: 26-30, group B: 31-35, group C: 36-40 yrs). The in vitro fertilization and development outcome (fertilization, cleavage and high quality embryo rate) and the pregnancy outcome (pregnancy, implantation, G-sac/high quality embryo and multiple pregnancy rate) were examined. And then, these results were compared among the groups. Results: The rates of fertilization (62.7, 68.5 and 65.4%, respectively) and cleavage (95.6, 97.6 and 98.0%, respectively) were not different among the groups. And the high quality embryo (HQE) rate also was not different among the groups (61.8, 62.9 and 62.8%, respectively). The pregnancy rate of group C (23.3%) was significantly lower than that of group A (41.2%) and B (48.7%). And the implantation rate was significantly decreased with advance in maternal age (group A; 17.3%, B; 12.6% and C; 6.0%). The G-sac/high quality embryo rate was significantly higher in group A (70.8%) when compared to group B (32.2%) and C (40.0%). On the other hand, the multiple pregnancy rate was significantly lower in group C (14.3%) when compared to group A (71.4%) and B (36.8%). Conclusion: The pregnancy rate was significantly decreased over 35 years. The G-sac/HQE and multiple pregnancy rate were significantly high below 31 years. Thus, these results suggest that the number of high quality embryo transferred should be limited by the age and another criteria for embryo quality evaluation were required for single embryo transfer.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.152-166
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare with the result of experimental study about antithrombotic effect by reviewing recent oriental medicine journals that have been published since 2001' in Korea. Methods: Articles on antithrombotic effect that have been published from 2001' to 2013' in oriental medicine journals registered National Research Foundation of Korea were searched. After that, 12 articles using same 'thrombosis condition model' were selected and reviewed. Results: The results were as follows. 1. If there is no limit drug concentrations, platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in hyulbuchukeo-tanggamibang (HBCT) was the largest aggregation inhibitory effect and platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine in Saegeum-san (SGS), Jogan-tanggagambang (JGTG), hyulbuchukeo-tanggamibang (HBCT) had a large inhibitory effect on aggregation. 2. At the lowest concentration, Mokdan-san (MDS) of the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by ADP and Hyunhosaik-san (HHS) of the inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by epinephrine were effective. 3. Pulmonary embolism induced by collagen and epinephrine in Neungasojeok-tang (NSJT) has the highest antithrombotic effect. 4. Pathological conditions of extravasated blood by dextran, Jogan-tanggagambang (JGTG) has the highest inhibitory effect on decrease in platelet numbers. Compared to the rest of the experimental drug, Saegeum-san (SGS), Heanggyonghonghwa-tang (HGTHHT), Wusl-san (WSS), Mokdan-san (MDS) showed significant inhibitory effect on the prothrombin time (PT) increases. Honghwadanggui-san (HDS), Saegeum-san (SGS) showed significant inhibitory effect on increase in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and Jogan-tanggagambang (JGTG), Heanggyonghonghwa-tang (HGTHHT) showed significant inhibitory effect on decrease in fibrinogen. Conclusions: This result will provide useful information for the prescriptions of antithrombotic medicine in the field of Oriental medicine. We will have to carry out further studies that will compare each herb used in the diseases caused by extravasated blood.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2022

Objectives: It is a statistical analysis study to examine the results of CaPSPI (Diagnostic System for Climacteric and Postmenopausal Syndrome Pattern Identification), developed for objective defecation of climacteric and postmenopausal syndrome. Methods: Total 341 people's questionnaire responses were statistically analyzed. 275 people involved in developing CaPSPI 2018 (E) and 146 people involved in 2019-2020 study of research1,3). Results: The frequency of diagnosis for examination was the highest at liver depression, 93.8% for 320 times, the lowest at heartheat, 62.8% for 214 times. The frequency of treatment for examination was the highest at liver depression, 54.3% for 185 times, and the lowest at dual deficiency of heart-spleen, 16.7% for 57 times. The diagnosis ratio was the lowest at dual deficiency of heart-spleen, 19.72%, and the highest at liver depression, 57.81%. As a result of comparing these diagnoses with the Kupperman's index, all showed significant differences. As a result of comparing these disease elements, all showed significant differences. The correlation between diagnosis and dialectic elements was found to have similar results with the korean medical pathology, and in 7 dialectics except for heartheat, the treatment version was more severe or progressing to perjury than for examination. Conclusions: The CaPSPI shows the characteristics of korean medicine well, and it is needed to utilize the high correlative disease elements to upgrade the system.