• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권6호
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• pp.548-552
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily manganese (Mn) intake of Korean children. This study was done using a three-day dietary intake survey of 257 Korean children (boys 123; girls 134). The Mn intake values were calculated based on a database that provides the Mn content of the frequently consumed Korean foods, alongside the food composition table provided by the Korean National Rural Living Science Institute. The average age, height, weight and body mass index of our subjects were 11.9 years, 155.4 cm, 48.9 kg and 20.2 kg/$m^2$ in boys and 11.9 years, 154.1 cm, 43.5 kg and 18.3 kg/$m^2$ in girls. The average daily energy intakes were 2,249.2 kcal in boys and 2,044.5 kcal in girls. Boys consumed significantly more Mn than girls, based on intake estimates of $4,585.3{\mu}g$ (117.6% of adequate intake) and $4,029.3{\mu}g$ (117.1% of adequate intake), respectively (P < 0.001). Boys had a Mn intake of $2,041.1{\mu}g$ per 1,000 kcal of energy consumption, whereas for girls this was at $1,983.9{\mu}g$ per 1,000 kcal. Neither group exceeded the tolerable upper intake level for Mn. The major food groups which contributed to Mn intake in our subjects were cereals (50.8%), vegetables (21.0%), seasonings (8.9%), and pulses (7.7%). Notably, boys derived a higher Mn intake through cereals and vegetable than did girls (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). The key food sources of Mn, in descending order, were rice, soybean curd, kimchi, black rice and cereals. We propose that the results of our study may be used as a basis for follow-up studies that examine the Mn intake of children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

Onto the world-fastest ageing of society, the world-lowest fertility rate prompted a development of various policies and programs for a betterment of the population in Korea. Since the vulnerability of young children of low socio-economic class to malnutrition was clearly shown at the in-depth analysis of the 2001 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, an effort to devise supplemental nutrition care program for pregnant/breastfeeding women, infants and preschool children was initiated. The program was designed to offer nutrition education tailored to fit the needs of the participants and special supplementary foods, using USDA WIC program as a benchmark. Based on the dietary intake of those age groups, target nutrients were selected and their major food sources were searched through nutrient content of foods and dietary pattern analysis. As a result, we developed 6 kinds of food packages using combinations of 11 different food items. The amount of each item in a food package was determined to supplement the intake deficit in target nutrients. Nutrition education in $NutriPlus^+$ aims to improve the nutrition knowledge, attitude, and dietary behaviors of the participants, and is provided through group lessons, individual counseling sessions and home visits. Breastfeeding is promoted with top priority in education for the health of both mother and baby. The eligibility guidelines were set for residency, household income, age, pregnancy/breastfeeding and nutritional risk such as anemia, stunting, underweight, and/or inadequate nutrient intake. Income eligibility was defined as household income less than 200 percent of the Korean poverty guidelines. A pilot study to examine the feasibility of program implementation was run in 3 public health centers in 2005 and expanded to 15 and 20 in the following 2 years. The result of 3-year pilot study will be reported separately along with the ultimate nationwide implementation of the $NutriPlus^+$ in 2008.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.481-495
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of socio-demographic and health-related perceptions and twenty dietary behaviors on the superiority and preference, convenient use of and purchase motives of vegetables among 370 women(mean age 43.9) in Seoul and metropolitan and Gangwon area. Data was collected using a questionnaire developed in advanced studies. Almost all subjects rated vegetables more predominantly than grains or meats on the basis of health, diversity, and convenience to purchase. Recognition of healthly funcions of diet, purpose of diet and some dietary behaviors had influence on preference for vegetables. Those who recognized that diet had the function of disease control and prevention, knew the healthy options vegetables provide us, such as, preventing us from geriatric diseases, good sources of vitamins and minerals and considered other motives aside from health issues. From Pearsons's correlation analysis, it was revealed that sufficient time for meal preparation and pleasant eating and desirable life style and dietary attitudes, and a better understanding of nutrition were positively correlated with consumption of more vegetables and convenient use of vegetables. The subjects who recognized the ability of food to help prevent diseases, had a preference for vegetables and attitude to use nutritional knowledge and also considered the nutrition values of vegetables and environment friendliness. Everyday use of vegetables such as consuming a variety of different vegetables, a families favorite vegetables and variation of cooking methods had correlated positively with purchase motives. Therefore to encourage consumption of vegetables, it is important to notice three points continuously; first, practical information of nutritive values of vegetables, the contribution of vegetables in current animal protein foods centered diet and healthful functionalities. Second, the importance of regular diet and steadfast attitude and lifestyle. Finally, the quality of the market where the products are bought such as, quality control of freshness, sanitation, expression of producer and a pleasant environment to shop in.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.347-355
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• 1994

Thirty farmers, representing three major deer counties in Kyung-Kee province and 50 farmers scattered in Chung-Buk province were interviewed to determine the current status of the Korean deer industry. Items surveyed were general information, farmed deer breeds. farm facilities, feeding and nutrition, hygiene and disorder incidence, velvetting, income sources, products and their sale, management problems and herd size control. The 888 deer farmed in Kyung-Kee province included spotted deer (Cervus nippon. 69.4%), red deer (Cervus elaphus, 6.1%), wapiti (Cervus elaphus canadensis, 12.2%), spotted $\times$ red deer hybrids (6.2%), red deer $\times$ wapiti hybrids (4.6%). and fallow deer (Dama dama, 1.5%). Poor information on feeding was evidenced by wide variation among farms of daily feed supply and ratios of forage to concentrate, and poor nutritional considerations according to physiological status of deer. Hygiene needed more attention. The incidence of diseases and disorders was high: enteritis (73.3% in Kyung-Kee province), fractures (60.0%), and dystocia (56.7%). The major source of farm income was velvet antler and its blood. To improve productive efficiency, attention should be given to improving farm facilities, simplified product marketing, developing standard feeding system, and economic grazing system.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTTIVES: The purposes of the study were to investigate folate intakes and plasma folate concentrations as well as estimate folate status in Korean healthy adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 254 healthy 19- to 64-year-old adults (68 men and 186 women) living in Seoul metropolitan area, Gumi, and Kwangju, Korea participated. Three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls, information on folate supplementation, and fasting blood samples were collected from the subjects. RESULTS: The mean dietary folate intakes were 587.4 and $499.2{\mu}g$ dietary folate equivalent (DFE)/day for men and women, respectively. The median dietary intakes of men and women were 566.6 and $474.6{\mu}g\;DFE/day$, respectively. Forty subjects (16.7% of total) less total folate than the estimated average requirement (EAR). Folate intakes of 23.3% of men and 34.8% of women aged 19-29 years did not meet the EAR for folate. Major food sources consumed for dietary folate were baechukimchi (Chinese cabbage kimchi), rice, spinach, eggs, and laver, which provided 44% of dietary folate intake for the subjects. Plasma folate concentrations were 23.4 nmol/L for men and 28.3 nmol/L for women, and this level was significantly lower in men than in women. Approximately 13% of men and 3% of women were folate-deficient, and the percentages of subjects showing folate concentrations lower than 10 nmol/L were 27.9% of men and 6.4% of women. CONCLUSIONS: Folate intakes of Korean adults in this study were generally adequate. However, one-third of young adults had inadequate folate intakes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.348-357
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• 2006

Nano is a unit that designates a billionth; accordingly nanotechnology could be described as the study and applications of the unique characteristics and phenomena of nanometer size materials. Applications of nanotechnology fall into two categories (one is top-down and the other is bottom-up). Currently, most products are the results of the top-down approach. Nanofoods have distinct functional characteristics stemming from the size, mass, chemical combinations, electrolytic features, magnetic properties of food sources at the nano level and which can be applied for safe absorption and delivery into the body. The greatest advantage of nanofood is that it permits the efficient use of small quantities of nutritional elements by increasing digestive absorption ability and by delivering natural elements without any change in their original characteristics. On the other hand, there are still unsolved problems, such as questions about safety and introduction of harmful material. The demand for new commercial food products is increasing, and commercial food producers are gradually combining nanotechnology and traditional food preparation methods. Nanofoods will improve our eating habits remarkably in the future. Tomorrow we will design nanofoods by shaping molecules and atoms. It will have a big impact on the food and food-processing industries. The future belongs to new products and new processes with the goals of customizing and personalizing consumer products. Nanotechnology is expected to be applied to not only foods themselves, but also to food packaging, production, safety, processing and storage. Also, it is believed that nanotechnology will be applied tracking finished products back to production facilities and even to specific processing equipment in those facilities. The aim of this study is the introduction of technology, applications, products, markets, R&D, and perspectives of nanofoods in the food industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1296-1303
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• 2000

A series of four experiments was conducted to compare nutritional values of decorticated sunflower meals against soybean meal, in diets for pigs from weaning (Exp. 1 and 2) to finishing (Exp. 3 and 4). All experimental diets were prepared compensating for the energy content by using vegetable oil and the lysine content was matched using synthetic L-Lysine HCl. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed either corn-soybean meal based diet (CSBM) or corn- twice-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CDSM) for four weeks (Exp. 1). There was no difference in performances between treatment groups. In Exp. 2, corn-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CNSM) was added to the existing two treatments. Twenty-one day old pigs were fed three experimental diets for four weeks. Pigs fed CNSM had a lower weight gain and feed intake than other treatments (p<0.05). There was no difference between pigs fed CSBM and CDSM (Exp. 2). Growth performance of growing pigs was also greater (p<0.05) in pigs fed corn starch-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSDSM) than pigs fed corn starch-non-decorticated sunflower meal based diet (CSNSM) during the eight week feeding trial (Exp. 3). There was no difference between pig fed corn starch-soybean meal based diet (CSSBM) and CSDSM (Exp. 3). In Exp. 4, growing pigs were fed three experimental diets (CSBM, CDSM, and barley-twice- decorticated sunflower meal based diet; BDSM) until the slaughter. There was no difference in growth performance of pigs during growing and finishing periods among treatments. However, pigs fed CSBM had a higher carcass dressing percentage (p<0.05) than pigs fed CDSM and BDSM. Pigs fed BDSM diet had a lower fat tissue percentage than other groups (p<0.05). The twice-decorticated sunflower meal can be used as a substitute for soybean meal in pig diets. The performances of piglets and growing-finishing pigs were not affected when soybean meal was replaced by twice-decorticated sunflower meal. This substitution needs the contribution of synthetic lysine and vegetable oil as sources of complementary nutrients to match the nutrient profile.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.41-45
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• 2000

천마와 뽕나무버섯균 균사속과의 공생관계 규명을 위한 광학 및 전자현미경을 이용한 조직학적 연구를 수행한 결과 천마에 의해서 유도된 뽕나무버섯균의 균사속이 천마와 접촉하면 뽕나무버섯균 균사속의 침입에 의해 천마의 표피층은 심한 손상을 받게되며, 뽕나무버섯균의 균사속이 cortex층에 침입하여 내생균근을 형성하였다. 천마의 cortex층에 존재하는 내생균근으로부터 균사들이 각 피층세포에 침투해 들어간 균사속은 시간이 경과할 수록 균사결속이 상당히 와해되어지며, 균사속으로 부터 피층세포에 세포벽을 뚫고 세포 안으로 들어온 균사들은 천마에 의해 용해 분해 소화되어 뽕나무버섯 균사는 결국 천마의 영양원이 됨을 확인하였다. 또한 뽕나무버섯균의 침식을 받은 cortical cell에서 세포 및 핵이 비감염 부위보다 $1.5{\sim}2$배 가량 커짐을 확인 할 수 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2003

This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nutrition education program developed for nutritionally imbalanced adolescents. A summer nutrition camp was held for 23 overweight and 16 underweight subjects. Its effectiveness with regard to was evaluated at the end of the camp and 6 months later. Nutrition knowledge, nutritional attitude, food behavior, nutrient intake, exercise habit and ideal body figures desired by the subjects. The results showed significantly higher nutrition knowledge scores at the end of the camp as compared to those obtained prior to the camp program, and these scores were maintained for at least six months. Nutrition attitude scores also improved after the education program, and these improved scores also lasted for 6 months. However, the food behavior scores measured 6 months after the education program were not significantly different from those obtained prior to the camp. Also, the exorcist habit, the ideal body figures and the body figures desired by the subjects remained unchanged. When nutrient intakes of subjects were assessed before the program and 6 months later, the mean daily vitamin C intake was significantly increased after the education program. Also, the intake of iron from plant food sources increased in the overweight subjects, while less iron from animal source were consumed by the underweight subjects. Both groups tended to consume more vegetables and fruits 6 months after the education program which may have contribute to the higher vitamin C and plant-based iron intakes. These results indicate that a 4-day nutrition education camp program sustained changes in nutrition knowledge and nutrition attitude for 6 months. The increased intake of vegetables and fruits was also achieved through this education program. However, changes in dietary behavior in adolescents may require repeated education. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 504-511, 2003)

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.563-571
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• 2013

This study surveyed food intake and preferences for breakfast among 167 male and 152 female middle school students in Incheon. Most students were in a normal range with respect to body mass index (BMI; 18~22.9). Most of the students spent 10~20 minutes to finish their breakfast, and female students skipped breakfast more frequently than male students, with major reasons of not being able to spend enough time for breakfast and low appetite. Steamed rice(bap) was the most frequently consumed food for breakfast. Students ate vegetables and fruits for breakfast the most frequently, followed by milk and milk products, meat, fish, egg and beans, and cereals. The most frequently consumed food among protein sources was eggs. Male students had foods except vegetables and fruits more frequently than female students for their breakfast. Female students were more highly aware of the importance of breakfast on their health than male students. Preference on different food groups was significantly higher in male students than female students except vegetable salad and fruit juices. The results suggest that breakfast skipping of middle school students can be reduced by aggressively reflecting food preferences of the students to breakfast menu and appropriate nutritional education for students and their mothers.