• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 1999

This study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus on healthy offsprings of Korea non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty four offsprings who have at least 1 parent with NIDDM and age, sex and body mass index(BMI) matched forty four healthy control subjects were collected for this study. BMI, skinfold thickness, waist/hip circumference ratio(WHR), fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid profile, nutrient intakes and food behaviors were measured. There were no significant difference in BMI, WHR, fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride and daily nutrients intake between offsprings and controls. But skinfold thickness, LDL-cholesterol level and sweety food eating frequency were significantly higher in male offsprings than in male controls. And HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in male offsprings than in male controls. Although there were no significant difference, offsprings had a overeating habit and ate more confectionery and greasy food than controls.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-349
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• 2012

A variety of fish species undergo an ontogenetic change in prey selectivity, and several potentially interacting factors, including nutrient requirement, microhabitat change, and foraging ability, may account for the occurrence of the shift. Here we examine the foraging ecology and ontogenetic diet shift of a micro-carnivorous goby, Pterogobius elapoides (serpentine goby), dominant component of fish assemblage in shallow rocky areas off the coast in Korea and Japan. Although most other gobies are primarily benthic carnivores, P. elapoides is a semipelagic fish; however, little is known about how those species change their foraging tactics with growth. In our diet analyses, the most common diet was pelagic copepods and benthic amphipods, and diet shift was observed from pelagic to benthic with growth. The ontogenetic diet shift seems to be the result of the preference for energetically more profitable prey in larger-size classes as well as the results of different prey availability due to among-habitat variation in diet. However, differential food preference does not appear to affect individual scope for searching food. Several factors such as predation pressures and interspecific resource partitioning might contribute to the changes in diet observed among size classes, which were included in our ongoing tests.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.358-366
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• 2016

The digestive system is gaining interest as a major regulator of various functions including immune defense, nutrient accumulation, and regulation of feeding behavior, aside from its conventional function as a digestive organ. The Drosophila midgut epithelium is completely renewed every 1-2 weeks due to differentiation of pluripotent intestinal stem cells in the midgut. Intestinal stem cells constantly divide and differentiate into enterocytes that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients, or enteroendocrine cells that secrete regulatory peptides. Regulatory peptides have important roles in development and metabolism, but study has mainly focused on expression and functions in the nervous system, and not much is known about the roles in endocrine functions of enteroendocrine cells. We systemically examined the expression of 45 regulatory peptide genes in the Drosophila midgut, and verified that at least 10 genes are expressed in the midgut enteroendocrine cells through RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, antisera, and 25 regulatory peptide-GAL transgenes. The Drosophila midgut is highly compartmentalized, and individual peptides in enteroendocrine cells were observed to express in specific regions of the midgut. We also confirmed that some peptides expressed in the same region of the midgut are expressed in mutually exclusive enteroendocrine cells. These results indicate that the midgut enteroendocrine cells are functionally differentiated into different subgroups. Through this study, we have established a basis to study regulatory peptide functions in enteroendocrine cells as well as the complex organization of enteroendocrine cells in the Drosophila midgut.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.554-564
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• 2019

Purpose: This study verified the reliability and validity of the Diet Quality Index for Indian children (DQIIC). Methods: The study sample included 100 school going boys and girls (7-9 years). The dietary behavior of children was studied using a questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. The DQIIC comprises 21 items which aimed to assess the diet of Indian children on the basis of variety, adequacy of consumption of dietary components, and moderation in the amount of nutrients that are associated with diseases and dietary habits. The reliability of the DQIIC was assessed using the split half method, Cronbach's alpha, and test retest reliability. Content validity was evaluated using content validity ratio (CVR). Results: The intake of iron was found to be less than the recommended dietary allowances. There was frequent consumption of empty calorie packaged foods and higher than the recommended amount of sodium. Reliability of the DQIIC was 0.85 by split half method and the correlation coefficient for test retest reliability was 0.87. Cronbach's alpha was 0.62 and CVR was 0.85 for this index. Most of the children fell in the moderately healthy category. Conclusion: The DQIIC is a reliable and valid tool to assess the diet quality of Indian children between 7-9 years.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.417-424
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• 2019

Melanose, caused by Diaporthe citri, is one of severe diseases in citrus, a major economic resource in Jeju island. To reduce the usage amount of organic synthetic fungicide, bio-sulfur was tested as an alternative chemical to control citrus melanose in the present study. Direct antifungal activity of bio-sulfur against D. citri was determined through in vitro experiment using artificial nutrient media. Disease severity of melanose on bio-sulfur pretreated citrus leaves was lower than that on untreated ones. To illustrate the mechanism of disease suppression by bio-sulfur, infection structures were observed with a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope. In fluorescent microscopic observation, most conidia rarely germinated. In addition, hyphal growth on leaves pretreated with bio-sulfur was inhibited compared to that on untreated ones. In scanning electron microscope images of bio-sulfur pretreated leaves, surfaces of most conidia were shrunk while hyphae were morphologically changed and frequently branched. Such microscopic observations were also found for leaves pretreated with a commercial fungicide Dithianon. These results suggest that bio-sulfur may be used to control citrus melanose as an environment friendly alternative to organic synthetic fungicides

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2023

The labor environment in Korea has changed and problems related to employment types are treated as important issues. Especially, the ratio of irregular workers has not only increased relatively, but the labor conditions in Korea also have worsened in the current years. Studies have reported an association between temporary workers and the prevalence of diseases. However, there is insufficient research on chronic disease and employment types. Methods: The current study examines the prevalence rate of diseases and health behavior by categorizing employment types among Korean adults. Data were obtained from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Totally, the data of 2,366 workers (1,239 regular and 1,127 irregular) were analyzed in the study. The types of employment were classified by a questionnaire querying about working conditions. The results showed that irregular workers earned less than regular workers and had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension. We propose that if discrimination related to working conditions were relieved, irregular workers would be able to invest more time to exercise and doing check-ups regularly. In addition, individual nutrition consultations considering the knowledge and personal environmental factors of each individual are necessary for the improved health of all workers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-99
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the dietary behavior and health-related lifestyles of high school students according to the living area in Chonbuk province, Self administered questionnaires were collected from 489 students. Statistical data analysis was completed using a SPSS v. 10.0 program. The results are summarized as follows: The average weight and height of male students in urban and rural area were 173.52cm, 65.26kg; 172.89cm, 64.02kg. The female students were 161.18cm, 52.48kg: 160.96cm, 52.82kg. The breakfast skipping ratio of students urban area were higher than the students in rural area, About 85% of students responded to have a lunch at school foodservice canteens. About 30% of students responded to have a dinner irregularly, which mainly caused by the reasons 'irregularity of life style' and 'weight control'. The ratio of snacks intake of the students were high, but female students eaten more fruits, cookies and coffee than male students. More than 50% of the students responded that one of the important influencing factor for health was 'a good eating habits'. About 44% of students in urban area and 40% of in rural area responded to take exercise one or three times a week. Students in urban area(37.3%) have more experiences of taking nutrient supplements than those in rural area(15.8%). TV/Radio (48.7%), clinic/apothec(19.0%), and family(16.0%) were essential sources of pertinent information about nutrition. The dietary behavior and health related lifestyle between the students in urban and rural area were very similar, but the female students showed more bad dietary behaviors in comparison with the male students. Therefore, they should have a gender oriented nutritional education program to correct their dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyle for health.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

Some high frequency sounds alter physiological processes of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. This study investigated the effect of ultrasound (${\geq}$ 20 kHz) on larval feeding, pupal development, and adult mating behavior of S. exigua. Ultrasound suppressed feeding behavior of fifth instar larvae, and 30 or 45 kHz treatment inhibited more than 50% of feeding activity. Larvae treated with ultrasound exhibited alterations in major nutrient compositions in the hemolymph plasma. Plasma protein levels decreased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. In contrast, sugar levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency. Lipid levels increased with an increase in ultrasound frequency up to 30 kHz and then decreased at treatments > 30 kHz. Hemocytes, the fat body, and epidermis expressed three heat shock proteins and apolipophorin III. Ultrasound treatment markedly inhibited expression of some stress-related genes. Ultrasound treatment also inhibited S. exigua pupal development by extending the pupal developmental period and preventing adult emergence. Last, ultrasound treatment significantly inhibited adult mating behavior, which resulted in a significant decrease in female fecundity. These results show that ultrasound is a physiological stress to S. exigua.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-24
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• 2004

This study was designed to examine fast food consumption, nutritional knowledge, food behavior and dietary intake of university students and to investigate if there were differences in these variables by fast food consumption. The questionnaire was administered to university students in Daejeon. Data(n=269) was analyzed using $x^2$-test and analysis of variance. Subjects were mostly female(62%) and freshmen or sophomores(86%). Based on the frequency of fast food consumption, subjects were categorized into non-users(27.9%), users(<2 times/week, 42%) and frequent users($\geq$2 times/week, 30.1%). Those who used fast foods(n=194) consumed the foods 7.5 times per month, on the average. Subjects scored 15.6 out of 20 on a nutritional knowledge scale, showing the moderate level of knowledge. When examined by fast food use, the nutritional knowledge score was 15.5 for non-users, 16.1 for users, and 15.0 for frequent-users(p<0.05). Only two items, regarding 'fat type(animal, plant) and health' and 'importance of having breakfast', were significantly different by fast food consumption, with user group and non-users scoring higher than frequent-users(p<0.05). Food behaviors, measured by 20 items, were not desirable, with mean scores of 51.5(possible score: 20-100). Subjects showed problems in eating meals regularly, eating a variety of foods, eating breakfast, and consumption of some food groups(vegetables, fruits, and proteins). Fast food non-users showed more desirable food behaviors than users or frequent-users, such as having processed foods (p<0.001) and eating-out less frequently(p<0.01). Dietary intake data showed that some nutrient intakes, including energy, calcium, iron, zinc and folic acid were less than 75% of the RDA. Index of nutritional quality(INQ) was adequate except for calcium and zinc. Compared to non-users or user group, frequent-users of fast foods consumed higher amounts of lipids(p<0.05), and had lower INQ for calcium(p<0.01). This study described the status of fast food consumption, nutritional knowledge, food behavior of university students, and provided some baseline data for planning nutrition education for university students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.436-447
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• 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the health food consumption patterns and their relationship to dietary behavior in middle-aged women (45-60 years). Methods: The exclusive face-to-face interviews by well-trained interviewers guaranteed a scientific data collection and the quality of survey data of 731 women. Subjects were divided into two groups according to the intake of the health foods, 'Intake' group (${\geq}3.2$, n = 488) and 'Non-intake' group (n = 243). Data were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 program. Results: The average age of the subjects was 49.8 years and 66.8% of subjects were taking the health foods. Vitamins and minerals were consumed by the subjects. The major reason for intake of health foods was that they provide nutrient supplements may prevent diseases. More than 70% of the subjects reported checking nutrition information, ingredients, recommended daily intakes, instructions, when they bought the health foods. The average dietary life score of the intake group was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of the non-intake group. In analysis of exploratory factors of dietary life, the intake group showed significantly higher score (p < 0.001) in 'moderation of food intake' among the 4 exploratory factors. Conclusions: These results showed that women who took health foods had better dietary behavior than others suggesting a positive relation between the dietary behavior and the health food consumption. Therefore, we suggest that developing guidelines and then educating women about those guidelines could improve the ability of choosing health foods appropriately for their own benefit.