• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.453-461
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutrient and food intake status and dietary, quality according to obesity based on nutrient and food group intake, in female university students. Surveys were conducted using questionnaires and 3 days, dietary record in 360 female university students residing in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups by percent of body fat: an overweight group(percent of body fat more than 23%, n=249) and normal group(percent of body fat below 23%, n=111). The overweight group had a larger proportion of subjects who binged compared to the normal group. There was no significant difference in energy intake between the two groups. The densities of plant calcium and dietary fiber in the overweight group were significantly lower than those of the normal group. However, animal fat density was significantly higher in overweight subjects. The Korean's dietary diversity score(KDDS) of the overweight group was 4.65, and that of the normal group was 4.67, indicating no significant difference. There was no significant difference of DQI-I between the overweight group(50.8) and normal group(51.1). However, the macronutrient ratio score was significantly lower in the overweight group. These results indicate that overweight female college students may have improper dietary habits, and have lower overall balance aspect macronutrient ratios.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.665-671
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• 2003

A factorial experiment was conducted to assess nutrient utilization by growing lambs maintained on three levels each of digestible energy (high: HE, medium: ME, low: LE) and protein (high: HP, medium: MP, low: LP) in nine combinations (HEHP, HEMP, HELP, MEHP, MEMP, MELP, LEHP, LEMP, LELP). The experiment was conducted during the hot season in a semiarid location. Daily dry matter intake (DMI) was similar in all the groups in terms of unit body weight or metabolic body size. Digestibility of DM and nitrogen free extract increased (p<0.01) from low to medium and high energy regimen while the CF digestibility followed a reverse trend. The digestibility of crude protein (CP) decreased from high to medium and low protein regimens while it was similar in terms of energy variation. Nitrogen intake was higher in high followed by medium and low protein regime while fecal and urinary nitrogen loss were similar in all the treatment groups. Lambs in all the three levels of protein were in positive N balance and percent N retention was higher (p<0.01) in high followed by medium and low protein levels whereas it was similar in terms of energy variation. Initial body weight was similar in all the groups while final weight, total gain in the experiment and average daily gain (ADG) were higher in high than medium and low energy regimens. It is concluded that crossbred lambs required 75.1 g DM, 9.6 g CP, 6.3 g DCP and 711 KJ DE/kg W $^{0.75}$or 11.0 g CP/MJ DE or 7.2 g DCP/MJ DE for 93 g average daily gain in a hot semiarid environment.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.245-253
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• 1998

In this study, the food cost for the urban worker's living expenses was estimated for the Korea Labor Union. The urban workers living expenses are minimum of healthy and decency level expenses with allowances for minimum quality of life. Thus, the food cost should be enough for purchasing proper kinds and amount of foods which can supply sufficient nutrient to maintain health and which should reflect current food consumption patterns. To estimate the food cost, the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances was used to calculate the amount of nutrients which should be supplied. The National nutrition survey and the Food balance sheet, were used to estimate the current consumption patterns for the kind and amount of food. To estimate price for each food item, the market survey was executed in six large cities. Also, to verify the estimated food cost, actual food costs were surveyed. For 5 kinds of model household, dietary allowances were calculated for the each nutrient. Using the Korean food guides, the number of serving for each food group were decided for the model households. In each food group, the amount and kind of foods were decided by the current food consumption pattern. The kind and amount of food were adjusted by the amount of calculated nutrient. When the amount of nutrient was between 90% and 110% of the recommended dietary intake, it was accepted. With these amount and kinds of foods, the food cost were calculated using the market survey. Considering extra expenses for the eating-out and processed foods, extra expenses are added. As a results, for single person family, the estimated food cost was 149,210won per month. For two, three, four and five person family, the estimated food costs were 245,179won, 381,182won, 501,669won and 687,980won per month, respectively. The estimated food cost were lower in the single and two person family than the actual food cost by the survey. The cost for eating-out gave major differences. In the future, to estimate food cost, the food consumption patterns for the different kind of household, sex and age should be studied carefully. Also, the pattern of eating-out should by analyzed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1144-1148
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• 2001

The implications of incorporating deoiled rice bran (DORB) in diet on the utilization of certain nutrients had been examined through balance studies made with 6- and 10- week-old Japanese quails. The stuffs evaluated in this study had their origin from two different types of processes- a batch extraction (DORB-B) and another continuous process (DORB-C), and each included at 10, 20 or 30% level in an iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric diet. On chemical analyses, the DORB-B was found to contain crude protein, 19.0; ether extract, 0.79; total ash, 17.05; Ca, 0.11; P, 1.92; glucose, 2.35 and starch 11.22 g/100 g day matter. Corresponding values for DORB-C were 15.02, 1.56, 13.0, 0.40, 2.76, 2.16 and 19.0, respectively. The data on nutrient balances with quails fed diets containing the two-types of DORB suggested no significant (p>0.05) differences in per cent retention of diet dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), gross energy (GE), nitrogen (N), crude fiber (CF), calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) content attributable to the extraction process. The age of the birds also appeared to have no significant (p>0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by them. However, the level of inclusion of DORB had a significant (p<0.05) effect on nutrient utilization by quails in that the retention of dietary N, EE, CF, Ca and P was better at lower than at higher levels. It is concluded that the DORB, irrespective of extraction process, can safely be employed upto 20% level in diet of adult Japanese quails without noticeable interference in utilizing the major dietary nutrients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2012

This study was conducted to identify dietary factors that may affect the occurrence of gastric cancer in Koreans. Preoperative daily nutrition intake and diet quality of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer were evaluated. Collected data were comparatively analyzed by gender. The results were then used to prepare basic materials to aid in the creation of a desirable postoperative nutrition management program. The subjects of this study were 812 patients (562 men and 250 women) who were diagnosed with gastric cancer and admitted for surgery at Soonchunhyang University Hospital between January 2003 and December 2010. Nutrition intake and diet quality were evaluated by the 24-hr recall method, the nutrient adequacy ratio, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), nutrient density (ND), index of nutritional quality (INQ), dietary variety score (DVS), and dietary diversity score (DDS). The rate of skipping meals and eating fast, alcohol consumption, and smoking were significantly higher in males than those in females. The levels of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, phosphorous, sodium, potassium, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, and cholesterol consumption were significantly higher in males than those in females. Intake of fiber, zinc, vitamin A, retinol, carotene, folic acid were significantly higher in females than those in males. MAR in males was significantly higher (0.83) than that in females (0.79). INQ values were higher in females for zinc, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, and folic acid than those in males. The average DVS was 17.63 for females and 13.19 for males. The average DDS was 3.68 and the male's average score was 3.44, whereas the female's average score was 3.92. In conclusion, males had more dietary habit problems and poor nutritional balance than those of females. Our findings suggest that proper nutritional management and adequate dietary education for the primary prevention of gastric cancer should be emphasized in men.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.223-239
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, nutrient intakes and diet quality of men in their 30s. The subjects were divided into a married group and an unmarried group. For the study, we obtained data for analysis from the combined 2008~2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Mean height and weight of study population were 173.5 cm, and 74.0 kg in the married group and 173.1 cm, and 73.6 kg in the unmarried group, respectively. Systolic blood pressure in the unmarried group was significantly higher than that of the married group (P<0.001), while circulating vitamin D levels in the married group were significantly higher than those of the unmarried group (P<0.001). The proportion of obesity in the two groups was 42.41% and 38.40%, respectively. In the unmarried group, prevalence of depression was significantly higher than that those of the married group. Intakes of energy, water, protein, fat, carbohydrate and calcium in the married group were significantly higher than those of the unmarried group. In both groups, water and fiber intakes were low and sodium intakes were extremely high based on the KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans). The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of the married group was higher than that of the unmarried group. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) in the married group was also higher than that of the unmarried group. Therefore, we propose development of dietary guidelines and education programs for improvement of food and nutrient intakes, nutrition balance and dietary quality of unmarried men in their 30s.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.248-262
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• 1990

General purpose of the study was to understend nutritional status of the Korean farmers and thus provide rural nutrition intervention programs with more useful in formation and data. The data for the study was collected two times from the 603 sample farm households in 1982 and 1987. The main results of the study were as follows ; 1) Food intake of the Korean farmers was highly dependent upon vegetable foods especially on cereals and gains. However the unbalanced food intake pattern was gradually improved as consumption of vegetable foods was decreased from 992.8 grams per person per day in 1982 to 946.4g in 1987 and that of animal foods increased from 54.2g to 91.4g . 2) In mean value analysis on nutrient intake of the farmeres intakes of energy and protein were nearly reached to Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDA) level; intakes of calcium vitamin A and riboflavin were quite deficient whereas iron thiamin niacin and ascorbic acid were well over. From 1982 to 1987 intakes of all nutrients except energy were increased. 3) In distribution analysis on nutrient intake coefficient of variation(CV) of all nutrients except iron was increased. skewness(SK) the coefficients of calcium iron vitamin A riboflavin and ascorbic acid were decreased Kurtosis (Ku) of iron and vitamin A was increased. On the whole distributions of nutrient intake of the farmers were changed in undesirable ways although the mean values of the nutrient intake were improved 4) In relationship analysis among 115 relationships 76 relationships were consistent between 1982 and 1987. Of 76 consistent relationships only 10 relationship were significant at 5% level such as the protein intake level and the balance of food intake calcium intake level and the age etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2011

The budgets of fresh water, salt and nutrients were estimated in order to clarify the characteristics of material cycle in the Gamak Bay in 2006 with Simple Box budget Model. Outflow volume of freshwater into system was approximately $-174.2{\sim}72.5{\times}10^3m^3/day$. Inflow masses of DIP and DIN were approximately 397.0~1158 mole/day and 1750~8328 mole/day, respectively. The Source or sink of DIP was under the control of the variation of fresh water budget in the system. the mass balance and NEM was largely determined by flushing time of material.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1998

To compare response of feeding concentrate mixtere and wheat straw (Group I) with either urea molasses liquid diet (UMLD) as sole ration (group II) or UMLD (similar to protein equivalent of concentrate mixture) plus wheat straw (group III) on intake and utilisation of nutrients and overall performance, twelve crossbred adult male cattle (Holstein Friesian ${\times}$ Hariana) aged about 2.5 years and weighing 342 kg were randomly allotted into three equal groups following completely randomised design and fed respective diets for a period of 60 days. Thereafter, a metabolism trial of seven days duration was conducted to assess nutrient utilisation and nitrogen balance. Animals fed UMLD as sole ration consumed significantly (p < 0.01) less amount of most of the nutrients as compared to other two groups, except crude protein, intake of which was higher in this group but it was comparable between II and III and III and I. On the other hand, digestibilities of nutrients were higher (p < 0.01) in group II, though it was comparable between other two groups, except ADF, the digestibility of which was lower in group II. Inspite of positive nitrogen balance in all the three groups, being significantly (p < 0.01) higher in group I, animals of group II and III lost their body weight especially to the utmost extent in group II, although the amount of energy (TDN) intake were similar statistically. Results indicate that during a scarcity period and economic compulsions, feeding of UMLD can be practised to replace only concentrate mixture from the maintenance ration of adult crossbred cattle for shorter duration as roughage part seems to be essential for the normal functioning of the rumen microbes and overall performance of the animals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.39-52
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the meal pattern and the nutritional balance in university foodservices of Seoul. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire with 317 students at five different cafeterias that served 23 meals. We weighed all the meals offered by the university foodservices, separated the foods, and calculated their nutritional content using a computer program $\ulcorner$DS24$\lrcorner$. We also checked the dishes and those amount students consumed from the menu. The results of this study is summarized as follows. : 1) The most prevalent menu patterns included rice, soup, two side dishes, and kimchi. 2) Most nutrient contents per meal in a given menu was lower than one third of the recommended dietary allowance(RDA). 3) The mean energy content for the amount of rice that was served was 399㎉, for the side dish, it was 107㎉, and for the kimchi, it was 9.9㎉. 4) The number of total dishes and side dishes was five and two, respectively. The dietary variety score was 16.7, and the dietary diversity score was 3. 5) The mean energy intake by students at self-operated managements were 545㎉, and at one contracted management, the energy intake were 494㎉. Both of them did not serve enough to meet one third of the RDA. Nutrient adequacy ration(NAR) was 0.4∼0.9, and Index of nutritional quality(INQ) was above 0.9 for most nutrients with the exception of calcium and vitamin B$_2$.