• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.342-347
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• 2010

Ginseng is one of the most-widely used herbal remedies. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence for its use in the reducing blood pressure (BP) in patients with hypertension. Systematic searches of 12 electronic databases were conducted without language restrictions. All randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of ginseng as a treatment for hypertension were candidates for inclusion. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias. Five RCTs met the inclusion criteria. The risk of bias was low in most of the trials. Four of the included RCTs compared the effectiveness of ginseng to placebo. The meta-analysis of these data failed to show a statistically significant acute effect on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP). However, subgroup analyses showed beneficial effects of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on both SBP (n=54, mean difference [MD], -6.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], -9.99 to -3.04; p=0.0002) and DBP (n=54, MD, -5.21; 95% CI, -7.90 to -2.51; p=0.0001). Two RCTs tested the long-term effects of ginseng for BP for 24hours. One of these trials failed to show any benefits of KRG compared to no treatment, and the other failed to show superior effects of North American ginseng compared to placebo. Adverse events with ginseng were none in one trial or not assessed. Collectively, these RCTs provide limited evidence for the acute effectiveness of KRG in the treatment of high BP. The total number of RCTs included in the analysis and the total sample size were insufficient to draw definitive conclusions. More rigorous studies are warranted.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.467-472
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• 2014

Obesity is known to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease and cancer, the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and develops owing to interactions between genes and the environment. DNA methylation can act as a downstream effector of environmental signals, and analysis of this process therefore holds substantial promise for identifying mechanisms through which genetic and environmental factors jointly contribute to disease risk. Global DNA methylation of peripheral blood cells has recently been proposed as a potential biomarker for disease risk. Repetitive element DNA methylation has been shown to be associated with prominent obesity-related chronic diseases, but little is known about its relationship with weight status. In this study, we quantified the methylation of Alu elements in the peripheral blood DNA of 244 healthy women with a range of body mass indexes (BMIs) using pyrosequencing technology. Among the study participants, certain clinical laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic- pyruvic transaminase, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were found to be strongly associated with BMI. Moreover, a U-shaped association between BMI and Alu methylation was observed, with the lowest methylation levels occurring at BMIs of between 23 and $30kg/m^2$. However, there was no significant association between Alu methylation and age, smoking status, or alcohol consumption. Overall, we identified a differential influence of BMI on global DNA methylation in healthy Korean women, indicating that BMI-related changes in Alu methylation might play a complex role in the etiology and pathogenesis of obesity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this relationship.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.169-178
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to rigorously review extant research on flipped learning that has been given a rising interests as a measure of securing the quality of higher education apart from the improvement of the curriculum. Colleges and universities are criticized for failing in equipping their customers with critical skills, which triggered them to review both curriculum and teaching learning method. In the middle of the teaching and learning method lies the flipped learning. For its relatively short history of research tackling the issues of flipped learning, now is the best time to review the extant studies on the topic to overview and suggest future directions in the field. With the goal in mind, this study restricted the journal articles reviewed to 20 and presented the results based on a conceptual framework derived from a rigorous literature review. Followings are policy suggestions and conditions for successful implementation of flipped learning.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.187-198
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• 2008

Purpose: Music intervention has long been used in research of patients undergoing surgical operation in reducing anxiety level and improve surgical outcome. However, there are few studies that have considered a patient's music preference. We investigated the effect of the tailored music intervention which chose music according to the patient's preference on anxiety level and vital signs. Method: The subjects were 50 patients who received regional anesthesia for surgical operation at D hospital in Pohang city from April, 2006 to November, 2006. All of the subjects were randomly assigned either music group (30 subjects) or non-music group (20 subjects). As the patients arrived in the operating room, vital signs were monitored until the subjects were transferred to the recovery room, while Spielberger's STAI-KYZ questionnaires were applied twice to measure preoperative and intra-operative anxiety. The data were analyzed by 2-test, t-test, one-way ANCOVA and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 12.0/PC+. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups on vital signs. All of the vital signs increased when the subjects arrived in the operating room, but decreased quickly once the operation began, regardless of the groups. However, the music group reported significantly less intra-operative anxiety, compared to the non-music group (F=15.208, p<.000), when preoperative anxiety was treated as a covariance. Conclusion: The findings support that the use of music which was chosen by patients during the surgery significantly reduced patient's intra-operative anxiety during regional anesthesia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 1973

I. Objectives of the study This study attempted In examine, from a pedagogical point of view, how socially-handicapped children differ from normal ones in their family backgrounds, personality-traits. adaptability to school life, and their peer relationship. This study was made under the following hypothesis; 1. The family background of socially-handicapped children is less desirable than that of normal ones. 2. Personality traits of socially-handicapped children are less desirable than those of normal ones. 3. Socially handicapped children tend to be less adaptable to school life than normal ones. 4. Peer-relationship of socially-handicapped children is less desirable than of normal ones . II. Contents of study The thesis consists of the following five main parts; 1. Introduction 2. Related Studies 3. Procedure 4. Results 5. Summary and Conclusions III. Instruments The following instruments were used for this study; 1. Family background record prepared by the school. 2. Questionnaire prepared by the writer. 3. General personality test (written by Kim Ki-Suk and published by Korean Testing Center). 4. School activity record. 5. Sociocratic test. IV. The following conclusions were derived from the study 1, As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones have, in many cases, larger number of siblings, their families belong to lower economic bracket: their parents were indifferent to their children, and their mothers were less educated. 2. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones are emotionally unstable, although they are the same as normal children in their sense of dominancy, responsibility, sociality, and confidence. 3. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones are tardy in their learning, although they are almost the same as normal ones in their intelligence development. 4. As compared with normal children, socially-handicapped ones make friends more easily with pupils of other classes and schools rather than those of their own class or school.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 1986

The main purpose of th study was to evaluate he validity of Korean Pain Measurement Tool composed of pain terms. The specific purposes of this study were 1. to examine whether pain intensities of pain terms are congruent with those classified in three previous studies. 2. to evaluate the relative intensity of each term by panel of judges. 3. to explore the difference of ranks of pain terms according to the sex, education, and ages. One hundred and sixty normal individuals were selected by 2$\times$2$\times$4 sampling design. Sex (male, female), education (high school, college), and age (20s, 30s, 40s, 50s) were matched. Each individual was asked to rate the ranks of 3~8 pain terms in each subclass. The data measured by ordinal scale were transformed to the interval scale to compare with the pain intensities gained from the previous study. The pain ranks different from previous results were finally rearranged or cancelled through the consultation of 4 panel of judges and sunmed up to 91 pain terms in the scale. As a result, the ranks of pain terms within each of eleven subclasses among the twenty subclasses completely were congruent with the Previous pain ranks, while the ranks of nine subclasses were different from the previous pain ranks. In addition, there was significant relation between sex and pain ranks in skin punctuate pressure pain and cavity pressure. (sp : $\chi$$^2$=5.18 ø=0.26； cp : $\chi$$^2$=5.83 ø=0.24) In conclusion, seven terms from subclasses of inflammatory repeated pain, traction pressure pain, fatigue-related pain, fear-related pain, dull pain, and pulsation. related pain were cancelled. The ranks of four terms in subclasses of incisive Pressure pain and constrictive pressure pain were tentatively rearranged. Ranks of two terms in the tract pain were left as shown in the third study. As a result, six terms must be studied repeatedly for obtaining exact scores from ratio scale.

• Journal of Oriental Medical Thermology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.48-63
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• 2010

Purpose : Mothers and primary encounter and Korean traditional Gynecology clinician's perspective on breastfeeding, the importance and general knowledge, familiar with the breastfeeding-related issues to help resolve the maternal education and treatment. treatment options for a specific note down the need for Maternity and think that the existing studies and articles about breast diseases with reference to the view of the contemplated. Method : Maternity and breast disease with reference to research and review papers. Results : The first, from the past to encourage nursing mothers to eat a lot of nursing was given recently is changing the perception of adequate calories. and second, the posture of breastfeeding in prevention of mother's fatigue and pain and the baby's milk intake should be considered effective. The third, breast feeding is heavier than normal because of the surrounding muscle tissue in the breast to support the training may be helpful to. At last is emotional stability, and adequate nutritional intake and their milk is not enough awareness and interest in and education about breast-feeding mothers to breastfeed will help you look. Conclusion : Prenatal care program in order to facilitate breastfeeding and breast-feeding from the breast managed Postpartum Care Program consists of a map for the breast-related discomfort in advance to lead to prevention and to increase women's satisfaction seems to be.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.371-380
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• 2020

This study is a systematic review study to confirm the effectiveness of the health promotion program for the elderly in the community. The research method was to search for published papers using the domestic databases RISS, KISS, DBpia, and KoreaMed, analyze a total of 10 studies, and code them for 2 researchers. As a result, the characteristics of intervention in the health promotion program were often applied to the frequency of intervention more than twice a week, and the intervention time of more than 12 weeks, approximately 60 minutes once. In the composition of intervention, the study that applied exercise and education together and the study that mixed the types of exercise were mainly. The outcome measurement variables were muscle strength, body mass index, depression, self-efficacy, health promotion lifestyle, and quality of life. Through this study, it is necessary to develop a sustainable health promotion program and verify effectiveness in the lives of the elderly in the community.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.134-144
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of upper extremity exercise training on the motor activity, the ADL and the health related quality of life. Method: A non-equivalent pretest-posttest design was used. Study subjects were conveniently selected 40 hemiplegic patients(20 experimental subjects, 20 control subjects) who had been enrolled in two community health centers. After biofeedback training the subjects of experimental group were given constraint-induced movement, involving restraint of unaffected U/E in a sling for about 6 hours over a period of two weeks, while at the same time intensively training the affected U/E. Outcomes were evaluated on the basis of motor activity(amount, quality) of plegic side, ADL(ADL, IADL) and health related QOL(SF-36). Results: 1. After 2 weeks of treatment, the amount of use and the quality of motor activity of affected U/E were significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group. 2. There were no significant differences in ADL and IADL between experimental and control groups. 3. After 2 weeks of treatment, the health related QOL was significantly higher in subjects who participated in exercise training than in subjects in the control group. Conclusion: The above results state that the U/E exercise training could be an effective intervention for improving the motor activity and the health related QOL of chronic hemiplegic patients. Long-term studies are needed to determine the lasting effects of constraint-induced movement.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.341-351
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• 2020

This study aimed to identify the parenting competence and parenting stress of nurses in general hospital with preschool children, and to identify convergent factors affecting career commitment. A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 214 nurses from seven general hospitals. Data were collected through self-evaluation questionnaires from August 10 to August 31, 2016 and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and structural modelling using the SPSS WIN 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 computer programs. Parenting stress had a full mediating effect on the influence of parenting competency on career commitment. It is expected to be used as a basic data for improving career commitment of nurses in general hospitals with preschool children, and further studies on factors affecting career commitment, including job-related characteristics, along with parenting-related factors, will be needed.