• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.979-990
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and to apply the NANDA, NOC, and NIC (NNN) linkages into a computerized nursing process program using the classification systems of nursing diagnoses, nursing outcomes and nursing interventions. Method: The program was developed with planning, analysis, design and performance stages. The program was applied to 117 patients who were admitted to orthopedic surgery nursing units from January to February, 2004. Results: Thirty-five of fifty-three nursing diagnoses were identified. Five nursing diagnoses in order of frequency were: Acute pain $(28.4\%)$, Impaired physical mobility $(15.6\%)$, Impaired walking $(8.7\%)$, Chronic pain $(5.5\%)$ and Risk for disuse syndrome $(5.0\%)$. The nursing outcomes of the 'Acute pain' nursing diagnosis tended to have higher frequencies (cumulative) in order of Pain management $(95.2\%)$, Comfort level $(35.5\%)$ and Pain level $(17.7\%)$. The nursing interventions of the 'Acute pain' nursing diagnosis tended to have higher frequencies (cumulative) in order of Pain management $(71.0\%)$, Splinting $(24.2\%)$ and Analgesic administration $(17.7\%)$. In comparison of outcome indicator scores between before and after the intervention according to the 61 nursing outcomes, the mean scores of 52 outcome indicators after the intervention were significantly higher than before the intervention. Conclusion: It is expected that this program will help nurses perform their nursing processes more efficiently.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.127-140
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was performed to verify reliability and validity of Korean Patient Classification System for nurses(KPCS-1), to estimate nursing time conversion index, and to classify patients into groups according to KPCS-1 scores. Methods: KPCS-1 was revised from KPCS by a professional review team. Interrater reliability and construct validity of KPCS-1 were verified by data from 433 patients. Direct and indirect nursing time of 204 patients were measured by stopwatch observation and self reports for 24 hours. Nursing time conversion index was calculated. Results: KPCS-1 consisted of 12 area, 50 nursing activities, and 73 items. The interrater reliability was tested between two nurse group (r=.88, p<.001) and construct validity was verified according to medical department (F=10.97, p<.001) and patient pattern (F=5.54, p=.001). The correlation of nursing time and classification score was also statistically significant (r=.56, p<.001). The nursing time conversion index was 9.03 minutes per 1 classification score. The patients were classified into 4 groups by the classification scores. Conclusion: KPCS-1 can be a useful factor type patient classification system for general ward. Further study is needed to evaluate validity and reliability for refining KPCS-1 and to develop ways connecting the scores with nursing outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.651-661
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• 2003

Purpose: This is the descriptive research project of which purpose is to acquire the practice, research, and educational data by establishing the database after confirming, classifying, and relating the nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, and nursing outcome of Breast cancer patients by using the Yoo Hyung-sook's(2001) related 3N database model as the tool. Method : The Nursing Data occurring on Breast cancer patients nursing process was mapped to nursing diagnosis of NANDA, nursing interventions of NIC, nursing outcomes of NOC the 3N database linkage database which is related with the nursing process that was developed by using Yoo Hyung-sook's(2001). Result : 1. The nursing diagnosis were totally 505, and 26 articles of the nursing diagnosis were applied among 149 nursing diagnosis classification systems. 2. As for the nursing intervention, 250 articles(5l.4%) of nursing intervention were applied among 486 nursing intervention classification systems. 3. Regarding the nursing outcome, 28 articles(1l.2%l of the nursing outcome were applied among 250 nursing outcome classification systems. Conclusion: The result of this research in which the relating among the nursing diagnosis, nursing intervention, and nursing outcome of Breast cancer patients by using 3N nursing database was established is thought to be applied in the research and practice as well as to be utilized in the lecture or practice of the nursing process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.109-121
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to provide background information on nursing interventions to further enhance the quality of nursing practice and related professions, based on those performed for stroke patients. Methods: The analysis was performed in light of 84 researches papers on nursing intervention published between 1990 and 2010, and based on NIC(Nursing Interventions Classification) and NOC(Nursing Outcomes Classification). Results: 1. The quasi-experimental design was used as the most primary form of research design across 69 papers that constitute 82% of the total. 2. The number of nursing intervention methods identified throughout 84 research papers was 144. Based on the NIC that 90(62.5%) of those interventions fell into the physiological basic domain while 53(36.8%) belonged to the behavioral domain. 2) Interventions on activity and exercise management, physical comfort promotion, patient education conducted by class level of NIC were 40(27.78%), 34(23.61%), and 31(21.53%) respectively. 3) Outcomes of mobility, psychological well-being, energy maintenance, health & life quality measured by class of NOC among 317 dependent variables 79(24.92%), 64(20.19%), and 63(19.87%) respectively. Conclusion: Most interventions were classified as belonging to few particular domain types, which triggers needs for the development and application of multidisciplinary intervention methods through a more collective approach.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.419-437
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• 2004

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the trends of the gerontological nursing researches in Korea and suggest the direction for research in this nation. Method: A total of 241 dissertations and other published articles in Korea from 1997 to 2003 were analyzed in this study focusing on the design of the research, key words, measurement tools for basic concepts, and the intervention outcomes in the case of the experimental research. Result: Of those analyzed researches. it was found that 80.9% accounted for the published articles and 19.1% dissertations. There were no clear criteria for the classification of the old men. The most popular research design was an exploratory/descriptive study (54.4%). The major concepts were about 'physical and mental health'. Most of the measurement tools used were developed by foreigners. which were translated into Korean. Among 56 experimental studies, nursing intervention programs in 22 studies were based on physical exercise programs. Conclusion: It is necessary to analyze the trend of gerontological health research in comparison with multidisciplinary researches for elderly people. In addition, the experimental researches for both development and verification of nursing intervention programs are needed. Also, accumulation of research outcomes and development of a standardized instrument for the measurement of Korean elderly people are required.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to propose an ontology methodology based on standardized nursing process as framework in obstetric and gynecologic nursing practice. Methods: The instrument used in this study was based on the nursing diagnosis classification established by North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) (2009-2011), fifth edition of the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) (2008), forth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) (2008) developed by Iowa State University and systematized nomenclature of medicine clinical terms (SNOMED CT). The nursing records data were collected from electronic medical records of one hospital from August to October 2010. Results: One hundred and forty-one nursing diagnosis statements used in obstetric and gynecologic nursing unit were linked standardized nursing classifications and constructed nursing diagnosis ontology including interoperability. Conclusion: Not only will this result be helpful to complete nurse's lack of knowledge and experience, it will also help to determine nursing diagnosis logically by using standardized nursing process. It will be utilized as the method to construct ontology including interoperability in other nursing units. It will be presented nursing interventions according to nursing diagnosis and thus will be easier to establish nursing planning. This can provide immediate feedback of the nursing process application.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.358-369
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the costs of nursing interventions implemented for the obstetrical and gynecological patients using Korean Reimbursement System and ABC codes system developed in the US for costing out interventions performed by health care professional. Methods: First, the narrative data on nursing interventions were extracted from electronic medical record system of a tertiary university and mapped with Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) by two researchers until 100% consent was reached. Narrative nursing interventions mapped with NIC were then remapped with ABC codes system using the electronic program developed in the research. The mapping data were analyzed with real numbers, frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Results: More nursing interventions were mapped with ABC codes than Korean reimbursement system. Total of 97 different types of narrative interventions could be mapped with NIC, 43 NIC interventions could be reimbursed by ABC code but only 16 NIC interventions were reimbursed by Korea Reimbursement System. Conclusion: Korean medical insurance fee system needs amendment to include more comprehensively interventions performed by nurses which are very important to patient outcomes. Further study is needed to develop strategies to costing out nursing interventions.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 2016

Purpose: The study was to analyze clinical outcomes and risk factors of for complications associated with the hip fracture surgery in the elderly before and after interdisciplinary treatment. Methods: A retrospective method was used to investigate the general and therapeutic characteristics, frequency of complications and clinical outcomes. The subjects of the study were 553 patients who underwent hip fracture surgery from January, 2009 to December, 2014. Results: The interdisciplinary group was older and less likely to walk independently even before the fracture than a usual care group. The incidence of complications was higher in the interdisciplinary group than the usual care group. The prevalence of complications in both groups was 66.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showsed that the risk factors for complications of hip fracture surgery were as follows: advanced age, stroke, Parkinson disease, time interval from emergency room to operation, pre & post ambulatory status, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification quality of postop intensive care unit (ICU) care and foley indwelling. Conclusion: This study has implications in that it recognized the necessity for interdisciplinary treatment and provided the basic base data for nursing intervention of the elderly patients who underwent hip fracture surgery.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.74-82
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was performed to systematically review the recently published nursing intervention studies. Methods: The literature was identified through the Korean Education and Research Information Service (KERIS), the Korean Information Service System (KISS), and National Assembly Library websites. Key words such as breast cancer, nursing, and intervention were used. The factors analyzed are as follows: 1) the characteristics of studies and study populations, 2) the classification of interventions, 3) outcome indicators and their effects, and 4) effective interventions. Results: Thirty two studies were included. Seventeen studies used a single intervention such as aerobic dance, TaiChi, foot massage, aromatherapy, or a stress-reduction method. Fifteen studies used combined interventions, including education, exercise, counseling, support, yoga or meditation. The data on 47 outcome indicators and their effects were segregated into psycho/spiritual outcomes, stress coping, physical outcomes, cardiorespiratory function, symptom management, arm and shoulder functions, fatigue, and quality of life. Some interventions had positive effects on stress, fatigue, and functions of shoulder. Conclusion: Various interventions are available for breast cancer patients, and some have had positive effects. However, more studies are required to develop evidence-based practice guidelines for nursing interventions.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.98-110
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• 1996

As the health of people is a integral element of the public well-being, the government adopted and put the home visiting nurse system into practice from Jan. 1990, so that the public might get the necessary health service at the low cost and at home. Thus, it resulted in a rapid increase of the public need for the quality of life. The increasing demand for home care created a necessity for an increased man-power like home care nurse. Since the demand of the publics‘ home care has increased, Seoul Nurses’ Association, one of the branches of Korean Nurses Association has developed for the project team of Home Visiting Nurses Activities. The purpose of this study will analyzed and classified home nursing care activities of home visiting nurse according to the criteria of nursing diagnosis Korean Nurses‘ Association. The subject of the study was 54 patients in 1993 and 148 patients in 1994. All patients received home care at home from visiting nurses were living in Seoul city. The results of the study were as follows; 1) With regard to the nursing diagnosis, 24 items were classified. 2) The patients and families wanted to increase the number of time for home visiting. 3) Main sources of request to visit the patients at home were mainly from the families through nurses or doctors who cared for the patients. 4) In comparison of the characteristics visiting activities between 1993 and 1994, the number of the classification of nursing diagnosis and the number of visiting activities in 1994 were relatively increased than the outcomes in 1993.