• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to present an actual example for procedures for developing a PBL package based on philosophical backgrounds derived from Problem-based learning. To perform a systemic study on the operations of an intergrated curricula under multidisciplines, a research team made up of several professors with different academic backgrounds was formed. Among the four situations for the patients with perception-adjustment disorder, especially a procedure for the development of PBL package which can be used in the emergency room situation has been proposed. The little(2000)'s PBL package model has been applied for this study. Tha package includes course objectives, learning objectives, concept map, situation scenario, tutor guide, and evaluation method. It is believed that learning objectives achievement procedures designed as a part of a problem-based learning package development procedures for the nursing of patients with perception-adjustment can be achieved at the same level as the learning objectives for the science of nursing founded by the Korean Nurses Association.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2001

Objective : Health insurers and policy makers are increasingly examining the hospital mortality rate as an indicator of hospital quality and performance. To be meaningful, a risk-adjustment of the death rates must be implemented. This study reviewed 5 severity measurement methods and applied them to the same data set to determine whether judgments regarding the severity-adjusted hospital mortality rates were sensitive to the specific severity measure. Methods : The medical records of 584 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery in 6 general hospitals during 1996 and 1997 were reviewed by trained nurses. The MedisGroups, Disease Staging, Computerized Severity Index, APACHE III and KDRG were used to quantify severity of the patients. The predictive probability of death was calculated for each patient in the sample from a multivariate logistic regression model including the severity score, age and sex to evaluate the hospitals' performance, the ratio of the observed number of deaths to the expected number for each hospital was calculated. Results : The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.0%, ranging from 2.7% to 15.7% depending on the particular hospital. After the severity adjustment, the mortality rates for each hospital showed little difference according to the severity measure. The 5 severity measurement methods varied in their statistical performance. All had a higher c statistic and $R^2$ than the model containing only age and sex. There was a little difference in the relative hospital performance evaluation by the severity measure. Conclusion : These results suggest that judgments regarding a hospital's performance based on severity adjusted mortality can be sensitive to the severity measurement method. Although the 5 severity measures regarding hospital performance concurred, more often than would be expected by chance, the assessment of an individual hospital mortality rates varied by the different severity measurement method used.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.201-211
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• 1997

This study was an evaluation study of AIDS education program. The purpose of this study was to clarify the education effects on AIDS for health care workers to develop a better next education program. This study was done by self reporting with a 67 items of structured questionnaire by 431 health care workers included doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and health educators. Data were collected at the time of completion of each AIDS education with the help of education program manager. Both the AIDS related knowledge score and the acceptance attitudes score were significantly higher in the male group, in the medical institution employer group, in the group who have met the HIV infected person, who has known the HIV positive person, and the group of laboratory technician, but the AIDS prevention intention score was statistically higher in the group of female and laboratory technician group. The post education scores of AIDS related knowledge. acceptance attitudes, and preventive intention were statistically higher than those of the preeducation. The most increased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will provide the meeting between the HIV infected persons and the public (+21.9%)'. But even the decreased item among AIDS prevention intention list was 'I will advice to female not to have extra marital sexual contact to avoid AIDS(-3.1%)'. It could be concluded that the health care workers were ignorant of vertical transmission of AIDS, they were afraid of disclosing the infection status, and have less AIDS prevention intention. Therefore it is needed to take an assessment process before each new education trategy to increase AIDS related the effect of the education on AIDS.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.25-38
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• 2002

Spiral taping shows great effectiveness in relieving musculoskeletal pains. The purpose of this research is to compare effectiveness of herbal acupuncture of Carthami semen(Honghwa) vs its cotreatment with spiral taping for the treatment of acute low back pain. The target patients were those who satisfied with all of the following conditions. 1. Those who suffered from acute low back pain but without past history of the pain in the last six weeks. 2. The pain wasn't radiated to the lower limbs and were without any neurotic symptoms. A computerized randomization was used to set the patients in two groups. The control group was consisted of 41 patients and treated with herbal acupuncture. The experimental group was consisted of 49 patients and treated with spiral taping as well as herbal acupuncture. The treatment was given two times a week and the nurses measured the ROM and VAS evaluation before every treatment. The patients wrote ODI by themselves before the first treatment and after the 3rd treatment. After three months, an interview of the patients' condition through a follow up survey was done. In terms of acute low back pain in both the control group and experimental group, significant treatment effects were found by assessing VAS, ROM and ODI. By comparing the control group and the experimental group, there was more significant improvement in the experimental group than the control group of VAS and ROM, but no significant effect was found between the groups of ODI. This study shows that the herbal acupuncture of Carthami Semen plays a significant role in relieving acute low back pain. It also shows that spiral taping of the experimental group was more highly effective. As a result, spiral taping can be used with acupunture of Carthami Semen for a highly effective treatment for acute low back pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.161-175
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the erects of regular health education by a school nurse on a child's health-related knowledge and health-related behavior, a questionnaire survey was conducted with primary school students (4th, 5th, 6th grade) from December 5 to December 15, 1998. Subjects of the study were composed of two groups; one group who had regular health education by a school nurse and the other group who had no regular health education by a school nurse. The results obtained from the data analysis were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in general characteristics between broth groups, but significant difference in parent-related characteristics and health-related characteristics were detected. 2. The health-related knowledge score was 21.98 in the regular health education group and 21.04 in the control group. There was significant differences between both groups (p<0.05). 3. Significant differences in the practice of health-related behaviors were detected between both groups (p<0.05). 4. The variables associated with the practice of health-related behaviors were regular health education, health-related knowledge, the education level of the mother, ignorance of health and parent's concern about the child's health (p<0.05). 5. The practice of regular health education was significantly related to the prevention of communicable disease, concern about health and total health behavior (p<0.05). From the above results, it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between regular health education and the practice of health-related behavior after controlling other variables. According to the results, suggestions are as follows; 1. Evaluation of health-related knowledge and behaviors be conducted by the school nurse on pre and post-education. 2. The primary school student can be educated about health by the school nurse.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.27-57
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• 1994

The objective of running a long-term care institution is to provide services helpful for maintaining, supporting, and improving elderlies' optimum level of physical, mental, and psychosocial functioning. For the purpose of analyzing the current situations of institutional long term care facilities in Korea, 27 facilities were selected proportionately from each of the cities and provinces, out of the total 152 facilities. About 20% of those who were institutionalized during 25 August through 2 Qctober 1993, the 391 elderlies were chosen on a systematic random basis. The instrument of this study was developed by modifying the tools of CARE, MAI and PCTC. A multivariate approach of discriminant analysis and clustering technique were employed for this study. The Stiudy reveals that there is no clear differentiation of goals and functions among the longterm care institutions in Korea. Staffing patte군 of long-term care facilities shows a shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dieticians. The linkage between acute care facilities and long-term care is weak, and administration of long-term care faciltiy is carried out by non-professionals. They are responsible for assessing health status before entering the facility, and evaluating elderlies' care. Therefore, it is not surprising to find that most of the facilities have accommodated agede regardless of their real needs and health status. Based upon findings of the analysis, this study has classified long-term care facilities into four types : Type I is to help elderlies maintain independence in daily living activities. Type II facilities have the objective of maintaining and improving the current level of elderlies' function. Type III is to maintain maximum independence of elderlies in activities of daily living. And Type IV is identified for the group of facilities designed to restore or improve functional abilities of elderlies. In conclusion, the following suggestions are made : the need for long-term care should be assessed by multidimensional measurement. Institutional long-term care facilities should be classified and developed in response to type of type of care and service need. Both acute and long-term care facilities should be linked together in order to support the evaluation of service operation and program development.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.639-645
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• 2003

This study was purposed to apply Aizen's Theory of Planned Behavior to workers using personal protective equipment. For this purpose, occupational health nurses conducted a survey of 173 male workers who were working at 6 different factories during the period from August to October 2003. The score of each variable related to the Theory of Planned Behavior was calculated: attitude (3.74); subjective norm(4.10); and perceived behavioral control (3.48). Four preceding factors were also assessed: behavioral belief(3.63); outcome evaluation(4.05); normative belief (4.20); and motivation to comply(4.03). Analysing the results, we found that two factors of the Theory of Planned Behavior are important in this case, which were subjective norm and perceived behavioral control that were found to be in a strong positive linkage with the use of personal protective equipment. Thus enhancing subjective norm and perceived behavioral control must be the most important goal of health education for workers who must use personal protective equipment. In addition, though behavioral intention, an intermediate factor of the Theory of Planned Behavior, was not measured in this study, subsequent studies are expected to include the factor in their models.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2008

Purpose: To investigate the degree of pain, and to identify barriers to and satisfaction with pain management, in an effort to provide baseline data for effective pain management interventions. Methods: The study design was descriptive and correlational. A total of 100 cancer patients who were cared for at home participated in this study. Questions regarding self-rated pain, as well as barriers to and satisfaction with pain management were included in the study instruments. The data were collected by nurses using a face-to-face interview method in May of 2008. Results: Thirty six percent of the participants were in their 70's and 18.0% suffered from cancer of the large intestine. The usual degree of pain was reported as 3.43 out of 10 points, and the study patients were generally moderately satisfied with their pain management (M=$3.15{\pm}0.78$; range, 1-5). The mean barrier score was $3.24{\pm}0.52$ (range, 1-5) and concerns regarding the progress of cancer was the most highly evaluated barrier. There was a negative relationship between the degree of pain and satisfaction with pain management, and between barriers to and satisfaction with pain management. Conclusion: The precise evaluation of pains is crucial to the proper management of pain, and the education and promotion of proper pain management practices may help to overcome barriers to pain management for cancer patients.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.91-105
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of managing educational programs for tobacco use prevention at middle and high schools located in Busan. Methods: Using a survey method with a 29-item self-administration questionnaire, the data were collected from January 10 through February 18, 2005, from school nurses as well as teachers major in healthcare of 227 participant schools. Results: A strategic plan for school-based educational programs of tobacco use prevention was mainly developed by a school nurse at middle school and a teacher in charge of school discipline at high school. The educational programs for tobacco use prevention were implemented for approximately 40% of schools in Busan with the budget ranged from 110,000 won to 200,000 won a year. Eighty five percepts of the schools had anti-tobacco regulations and guidelines in place. Twenty two percents of the middle and high schools collected the data regarding adolescents' smoking status periodically. Over 70% of schools provided tobacco use prevention education programs as a part of regular semester curriculum. Conclusions: For making the management of educational programs for tobacco use prevention effective and consistent with government's anti-smoking policy, schools need (a) development of tobacco management guideline and regulations with participation of teachers, students, and parents, (b) clear job and role descriptions for personnel to plan and implement anti-tobacco programs, (c) compilation of the budget enough to implement the programs, (d) periodically assessment of adolescents' smoking status, and evaluation of the programs to monitor whether those are effective for adolescents' health promotion; and (e) to make an effort to less range of quality in educational programs for tobacco use.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 2011

Purpose: This study intended to improve quality of prehospital emergency care for trauma patients by figuring out its current situations and problems based on run-sheets and questionnaires of 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: This study conducted a research of 425 trauma patients transferred to the 3rd hospital in G-city by 119 ambulances from July 1, 2008 to June 30, 2009. We aslo utilized 114 copies with questionnaires of 119 EMTs working in J-province. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0. Results: There were 425 trauma patients including 272 men and 137 patients with traffic accident. When it comes to types of 119 EMTs who delivered cares to patients, there were 206 (48.5%) advanced EMTs, 101 (23.8%) basic EMTs, 50 (11.8%) nurses and 43 (10.2%) rescue education receivers. The most frequent measured vital sign was pulse rate (54.1%). Regarding assessment of systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and respiration rate, there were some significant differences in accordance with type of 119 EMTs. Among the 317 patients evaluated 'emergency' in field, 137 patients returned to their home. Prehospital emergency cares accounted for 861, around 2.0 treatments per a patient. In view of questionnaire, the 74.6% of 119 EMTs hoped supplement of man power for proper prehospital care to trauma patients. Conclusion: This study suggested that it is necessary to develop detailed guidelines for trauma patients so as to improve quality of trauma patient evaluation and prehospital care. Furthermore, improvement of emergency care systems will reduce mortality of trauma patients and lead to their good outcome.