• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.234-241
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to compare the beverage consumption by gender and season in elementary school children and to investigate the role of beverage consumption patterns on their daily nutrient intakes and BMIs. Beverage consumption and dietary energy intake in 160 elementary school students in the Gyeongnam area were measured by a beverage frequency and quantity questionnaire and three 24-hour dietary recalls during winter and summer. The number of drinking moments per month, the amounts of beverage per day, and the energy from beverage consumption were not different between winter and summer. In summer, the contribution of energy from sweetened beverage to the daily energy intake in girls accounted for 13.5% which was significantly higher compared to 7.7% in boys. In girls, the consumption of health beverage showed a significant correlation with various nutrient intakes in winter. Meanwhile, the sweetened beverage intake was negatively correlated with energy, protein, vitamin A and niacin intake in summer. Consumption of most of the beverages, including sweetened beverages, were not related with BMI in both sexes and both seasons, except functional drinks which were related with BMI in boys in winter.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

This study developed and applied an artificial intelligence education program as an educational method for increasing computational thinking of elementary school students and verified its effectiveness. The educational program was designed based on the results of a demand analysis conducted using Google survey of 100 elementary school teachers in advance according to the ADDIE(Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation) model. Among Machine Learning for Kids, we use scratch for block-based programming and develop and apply textbooks to improve computational thinking in the programming process of learning the principles of artificial intelligence and solving problems directly by utilizing numerical data. The degree of change in computational thinking was analyzed through pre- and post-test results using beaver challenge, and the analysis showed that this study had a positive impact on improving computational thinking of elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.520-530
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate students' understanding of the terms presented on the information board in the Jinan-Muju National Geopark. To this end, a survey was conducted with 219 students (147 elementary, 41 middle, and 31 high school students) to determine the level of their perceptions of the geopark, and of the usefulness of the information board, and their understanding of the terms presented on the information boards of the National Geopark. To determine the students' understanding of terms, 10 representative information boards were selected and the entire content was converted into text. Afterwards, 256 key terms were extracted from the text through discussions with three experts, and these terms were presented to students to grasp their level of understanding. The results were as follows: First, the level of students' perceptions about the geopark was very low, so publicity and educational approaches are needed. Second, students were not interested in the information board and had a low level of understanding owing to the large amount of information and reading difficulties. Third, among the 256 terms, the number of terms that students found difficult to understand tended to decrease with increasing school grade: 80 for elementary school students, 53 for middle school students, and 31 for high school students. The reason the students had difficulty in understanding terms was that elementary school students had not yet learned the terms in the curriculum, whereas middle and high school students have difficulty understanding technical terms and Chinese characters. Therefore, the information board in the geopark will need to be easily translated into Chinese characters or additional explanations of technical terms need to be provided so that visitors can understand the concepts more easily.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for determining when a school established long term school plans accepted by analyzing the trend of increase or decrease elementary school students 30 years to target of Daejeon Metropolitan City. Most were analyzed for land development area of Yuseong-Gu, and most of the old downtown area of Dong-Gu for this purpose. Results of this study are as follows: First, the results of this research to analyze the number of students increase or decrease trend forecasting model specific case in residential development projects in the district are Model8 4 schools (11.8%) in Yuseong-Gu were compared higher than one schools (4.3%) in the Dong-Gu. This suggests the need for a cautious approach in the planning of schools accommodated in a large housing development district. Second, large-scale land development trend analysis results Students sensitized Yuseong-Gu business district is followed by a new school in 11 schools (29.7%), Old town in Dong-Gu, which is contrary 13 schools (56.5%) were in a downturn.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2003

The purpose of this survey was to investigate the status of dietitians' nutrition management in school lunch program. Questionaries were distributed to 233 dietitians of elementary schools and 10 dietitians of high schools in Seoul and Incheon provinces. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : 78.4% of Seoul and 48.6% of Incheon among the whole students were served their meals in the classrooms. 70.0% of dietitians were 30-39 years old and 31.4% had a career less 5-7 years old. The standardized recipe was used in 71.6% of total schools but not effectively in both provinces. The students' nutrition and preferences were the very first to be considered in menu planning in both provinces. The nutrient value of meals was evaluated by the dietitians in most schools. Nutrition surveys of the meals which students are eating at home were surveyed in 27.3% of Seoul and 53.2% of Incheon. Students' preferences were studied regularly in 65.4% of Seoul and 78.9% of Incheon, and students evaluations of meals were carried out by the school lunch program in 74.6% of Seoul, and 68.8% of Incheon. In 49.6% of Seoul and 53.2% of Incheon, leftover foods were measured for each meal. 38.5% of Seoul used per a week and 48.6% of Incheon used per 2-3 week the processed foodstuffs. In 17.2% of Seoul and 25.2% of Incheon, nutrition education was executed by direct education, but educational methods were done mostly by letterssent to students' parents(76.9% of Seoul and 85.3% of Incheon). Evaluation studies on nutrition management, and nutrition education were hardly correlated to the dietitian's career and educational level. The number of meals served by the school lunch program have no related with the students' preferences. For improvement of nutrition management of school lunch program, it is necessary to develop new nutrition management model and nutrition education program.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.247-270
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mathematical disposition and mathematical communication level of elementary school students in the process of applying mathematical journal writing activities. For this study, 21 third grade students in elementary school were observed when they participated in mathematical journal writing activities while studying number and operation area. According to the Mathematical disposition pre-test and post-test results, mathematical confidence, mathematical flexibility, mathematical will, and mathematical reflection increased and it was statistically proved. Expression and explanation level of the mathematical communication writing area also increased as the mathematical journal writing activity continued. Thus, mathematical journal writing activities can help to enhance the core competencies of the 2015 revised mathematics curriculum while make students 'to develop and transform mathematical expressions' and 'to express oneself'. Also, it provides implications of including active writing activities such as mathematical journal writing activities into mathematics classroom. Furthermore, the change in mathematical communication level according to mathematical disposition level was not statistically significant. Therefore, when providing active writing activities including mathematical journal writing activities into classroom, it is necessary to understand students' individual characteristics and to encourage communication to be active rather than giving feedback based on one's mathematical disposition level.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.93-96
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• 2007

Research was taken its place in Dong wun elementary school in Gwang ju city. Subject ages were somewhere around 9 to 13. Among total number of 1,196, subjects with emmetropia were 384 people (32.1%), with 22.56% of 9 year old students, 16.01% of 10 year old student, 36.45% of 12 year old student, 39.11% of 13 year old. When age increases, the rate of emmetropia increase as well. Gender dependence of emmetropia rato was 31.07% for boys and 33.33% for girls, which proves girls with higher emmetropia ratio than boys. Among subjects with binocular vision acuity lower than 0.7, those require spectacles, only 37.5% of 9 years old students, 30.3% of 10 year old students, 44.64% of 12 year old students, and 30% of 9 year old students were wearing glasses. It shows that spectacle-wearing ratio is very low in spite of visual acuty lower than 0.7.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2006

This study is to develop a learning program supporting how to teach multi-level of students in number and operating field in the elementary school. Mathematics requires different teaching ways for various standards of student in the school. However, in most of elementary school teachers are having hard time giving the proper lesson for each student due to the lack of supplementary classes and the excessive numbers of students in a class. Thus this research provides "Game-type learning Program" and supports individual learning lessons to give each student an opportunity to form a correct concept of number and operation. This system sets up suitable steps for each student by checking their leaning progress and accomplishment. When a student has a trouble, can give a help or show specific things which could be related with the matter. As a result, students have got more interests in studying math, furthermore, actually, the help and giving a clue helped students a lot in settling the problems.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-91
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• 2007

Color vision test was conducted to elementary school students at age of 9 to 13, with total subject number of 598 which live in Gwang Ju area. 325 (54.3%) boys and 273 (45.7%) girls were subjected using Hahn Color Vision test to find out color recognition problems. 1. Ratios of color vision abnomality were 6.25% in 9 year old students, 9.2% in 10 year old students, 8.4% in 12 year old students, 7.8% in 13 year old students, which means 7.9% of the total 598 subjects had color recognition matters. 2. Red-Green dyschromatopsia was 7.8% of the total 598 subjects which includes most of subjects. None of them had green-yellow recognition problem. Full dyschromatopsia had frequency of 0.2%. 3. 10.7% of boys had color vision abnormality, while 10.7% of girls had color vision abnormality, which means that boys have color recognition problems with higher rate than girls.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.50-59
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• 2019

The results of a survey on 6,192 elementary schools across the country in April 2019 are as follows : First, there was a correlation between the number of students and the number of classes. Second, 2,788 schools (45.0%) were small schools, 1,931 schools (31.2%) were suitably sized schools, and 1,473 schools (23.8%) were large schools among the 6,192 elementary schools surveyed. Third, there was a significant difference in the proportion of small schools, suitably sized schools, and large schools by province. Among the 8 metropolitan cities, Seoul had the lowest percentage of small schools at 9.8%, followed by Incheon at 18.0%. Among the 9 provinces, Gyeonggi Province had the lowest rate at 26.8%, while Jeollanam-do had the highest rate at 87.2%. This means that adopting the same standard for abolition of small schools throughout different provinces can cause serious problems. Therefore, it is necessary to reflect the educational conditions of each province.