• Journal of Information Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.54-70
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• 1997

The author describes document delivery services and document usage patterns of domestic users based on usage statistical data about photocopying service of KINITI that the most important document delivery organization in Korea. And investigated ordering procedures of users, number of document processed and rejected in photocopying service, and delivery methods for users and so on. In FY 1996, number of document in photocopying service increased 2.4 percent in proportion to previous year.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07d
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• pp.3163-3165
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• 2000

In code division multiple access systems using all-optical signal processing, the optical multiple access interference by simultaneous multiple users degrades the system performance and eventually can limit the number of active users. To reduce the effect of the interference, error-correction codes are used in 2-dimensional FO-CDMA systems. In this paper we propose a method of applying product code to 2-dimensional FO-CDMA systems. The proposed coding scheme can correct a random error and burst errors with small redundancy to the conventional case. In result we show significant performance enhancement of the system in terms of HER, the number of active users.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-101
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• 2013

The wide spread of smartphones and the growth of the number of internet users are reshaping the SNS (Social Network Service). Merging into other service areas and creating new business models with high profits, SNS is no more a service simply providing personal connections. Now SNS has positioned itself as a service platform. SNG (Social Network Game) is a new outcome utilizing SNS as a game platform and showing a rapid growth rate in a short period of time. The number of SNG users is expected to increase steadily. In this study, we examine whether SNG user motivations lead to flow experience and future intention to use. For that purpose, we conducted a survey with smartphone users. The results indicate that flow experience functions as a mediator and user motivations indirectly affect intention to use through flow experience. This paper concludes with discussions on findings and suggestions for future research.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.5959-5963
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• 2012

Background: The term 'hardcore' has been applied to use of smoking tobacco and generally referred to as the inability or unwillingness of regular smokers to quit. The component constructs of hardcore except nicotine dependence are product neutral. With the use of 'time to first chew' as a measure of nicotine dependence, hardcore definition can be extended to characterize smokeless tobacco users. Hardcore users respond less to tobacco cessation interventions, and are prone to tobacco induced diseases including cancer. Thus identifying hardcore users would help in estimate the burden of high risk population for tobacco induced diseases. Smokeless tobacco use is predominant and accounts for more than 50% of oral cancer in India. Hence, hardcore chewing information could be used for planning of tobacco and cancer control interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS)-India 2010 data were analyzed to quantify hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India with following five criteria: (1) current daily smokeless tobacco use; (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration; (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting; (4) time to first use of smokeless tobacco product within 30 minutes of waking up; and (5) knowledge of smokeless tobacco hazards. Results: The number of hardcore smokeless tobacco users among adult Indians is estimated to be 5% (39.5 million). This group comprises 23.2% of daily smokeless tobacco users. The population prevalence varied from 1.4-9.1% across different national regions of India. Logistic regression modeling indicated age, education and employment status to be the major predictors of hardcore smokeless tobacco use in India. Conclusions: The presence of a huge number (39.5 million) of hardcore smokeless tobacco users is a challenge to tobacco control and cancer prevention in India. There is an unmet need for a universal tobacco cessation programme and intensification of anti-tobacco education in communities.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.48-52
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• 2004

In this letter, we consider a new packet scheduling algorithm for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing access/frequency division duplex (OFDMA/FDD)-based system, e.g., mobile broadband wireless access or high-speed portable internet systems, in which the radio resources of both time and frequency slots are dynamically shared by all users under a proper scheduling policy. Our design objective is to increase the number of non-realtime service (e.g., WWW) users that can be supported in the system, especially when the minimum bit rate requirement is imposed on them. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can provide a significant improvement in the average outage probability performance for the NRT service, i.e., significantly increasing the number of NRT users without much compromising of the cell throughput.

• Proceedings of the Korea Database Society Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.3-48
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• 1998

Drivers for Increased Need for Digital Content ■ Falling cost of computing -Multimedia capability at reasonable cost ■ Decrease in digital storage cost -Magnetic, optical and tape -Cost of digital storage decreases 40％ / year ■ World Wide Web users explosion and falling cost of communications -17M web servers(1/97) -Number of users doubles every 6 months - Network bandwidth triples every year(omitted)

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.224-233
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• 2022

Purpose: In Japan, the Long-Term Care Insurance Act has stipulated visiting rehabilitation since 2000. This study aimed to identify the actual conditions of visiting rehabilitation in Japan through a literature review of reports published by the Japanese government. Methods: This literature review was conducted on eight articles among various government reports on the topic of the actual conditions of visiting rehabilitation. These reports were published by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare of Japan based on their own investigations or reports from an external agency entrusted with the task, and were issued between 2000 and 2021. Results: The characteristics of the visiting rehabilitation offices, their number, manpower allocation, the number of users, and their visits to each office were identified. Also, the characteristics of the users, number of users, age and required degree of long-term care, causative disease, and required medical care were identified. To evaluate the actual status of the visiting rehabilitation service, the service use time, frequency, period of use, intervention by doctors and the degree of such intervention, therapist's service content, visitors' address before the use of the service, reason, and timing of the service introduction, evaluation of the service effectiveness, combination of services and transfer destination after termination, and status after service termination were checked. Conclusion: Based on the Japanese experience where visiting rehabilitation was introduced and applied to long-term care insurance, it would be meaningful to review the factors that required benchmarking among the Japanese service models while designing a similar model in Korea.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.11
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• pp.3026-3045
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• 2012

In this paper, diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of three-user wireless multiple-antenna cooperative systems is investigated in general fading channels when half-duplex and decode-and-forward relay is employed. Three protocols, i.e., adaptive protocol, receive diversity protocol, and dual-hop relaying protocol, are considered. The general fading channels may include transmit and/or receive correlation and nonzero channel means, and are extensions of independent and identically distributed Rayleigh or Rician fading channels. Firstly, simple DMT expressions are derived for general fading channels with zero channel means and no correlation when users employ arbitrary number of antennas. Explicit DMT expressions are also obtained when all users employ the same number of antennas and the channels between any two users are of the same fading statistics. Finally, the impact of nonzero channel means and/or correlation on DMT is evaluated. It is revealed theoretically that the DMTs depend on the number of antennas at each user, channel means (except for Rayleigh and Rician fading statistics), transmit and/or receive correlation, and the polynomial behavior near zero of the channel gain probability density function. Examples are also provided to illustrate the analysis and results.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.812-824
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• 2021

Recently, with an increase in Internet usage, users of online social networks (OSNs) have increased. Consequently, privacy leakage has become more serious. However, few studies have investigated the difference between privacy and actual behaviors. In particular, users' desire to change their privacy status is not supported by their privacy literacy. Presenting an accurate measurement of users' privacy status can cultivate the privacy literacy of users. However, the highly interactive nature of interpersonal communication on OSNs has promoted privacy to be viewed as a communal issue. As a large number of redundant users on social networks are unrelated to the user's privacy, existing algorithms are no longer applicable. To solve this problem, we propose a structural similarity measurement method suitable for the characteristics of social networks. The proposed method excludes redundant users and combines the attribute information to measure the privacy status of users. Using this approach, users can intuitively recognize their privacy status on OSNs. Experiments using real data show that our method can effectively and accurately help users improve their privacy disclosures.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2007

We propose the QoS (Quality of Service) assurance model for AMR (Adaptive MultiRate) voice users considering the capacity and service quality jointly in downlink WCDMA system. For this purpose, we introduce a new system performance measure and the number-based AMR mode allocation scheme. The proposed number-based AMR mode allocation can be operated only with the information of total number of ongoing users. Therefore, it can be more simply implemented than the existing power-based allocation. The proposed system performance measure considers the stochastic variations of AMR modes of ongoing users and can be analytically obtained using CTMC (Continuous Time Markov Chain) modeling. In order to validate the proposed analytical model, a discrete event-based simulation model is also developed. The performance measure obtained from the analytical model is in agreement with the simulation results and is expected to be useful for parameter optimization.