• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.426-431
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• 2001

This paper experimentally investigates the characteristics of dual coaxial jet issuing from inner supersonic nozzle and four kinds of outer converging nozzle of 40, 50, $60^{\circ}$ and $70^{\circ}$ in outer ejection angle. The pressure ratio of the stagnation to the exit ambient pressures in the inner supersonic nozzle of constant expansion rate is 7.5, which is corresponded to the condition of a slightly underexpanded, and that of outer nozzle is 4.0. Flow visualizations by using of shadowgraph method, impact pressure and centerline static pressure measurements are presented. It is found that the jet structure is changed significantly by the variation of outer nozzle ejection angle. Impact pressure level is lower and undulation of static pressure is higher, as the injection angle of outer jet increases.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.320-323
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• 2009

추진기관의 개발과정에서는 추진제의 조성개발, 온도에 따른 성능분석, 내열재 삭마상태 등 여러가지 고려사항이 있다. 노즐 확장비에 따른 추진기관의 성능분석 또한 이러한 과정 중에 하나로 추진기관의 성능을 결정짓는 중요한 요소이다. 추진기관에 대한 해석 후 실제 모타를 제작 시험하여 이를 검증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1291-1299
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• 1995

In confined coaxial jets, the flow-mixing characteristics depend on the initial conditions at the nozzle outlet such as velocity ratio and nozzle radius ratio. In this study, nozzle ratio(inner/outer) was 0.3. Longitudinal axial velocity, turbulent intensity and Reynolds shear stress were measured by CTA. Measurements were made from the duct inlet to the region where similarity solution could exist. This study investigated flow charicteristics according to the variation of similitude parameter which was derived from the theory of Craya-Cutet. The range of similarity region depends on the variation of the similitude patameter. The form factor obtained from the axial velocity profile in the similarity region was constant. The higher the similitude parameter, the wider the spread rate of the jets. Due to this fact, the similarity conditions developed more quickly and the region where the similarity holds became narrow. Present experimental data confirmed the validity of Craya-Curtet theory.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.752-757
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• 2001

To reduce stress concentration around the intersection between a spherical pressure vessel and a cylindrical nozzle under various load conditions using less material, the optimization for the distribution of reinforcement has researched. The ranked bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization(R-BESO) method is developed recently, which adds elements based on a rank, and the performance indicator which can estimate a fully stressed model. The R-BESO method can obtain the optimum design using less iteration number than iteration number of the BESO. In this paper, the optimized intersection shape is sought using R-BESO method for a flush and a protruding nozzle. The considered load cases are a radial compression, torque and shear force.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2005

축산 농가용 차량소독기의 노즐 분무성능과 균등분포율을 알아보고 적합성을 판단하고자 각 사별, 압력별 노즐 분무량을 측정하였다. 3 Mpa 분무압력에서 분무량은 TK사의 경우 1,605ml, TK-II 경우 2,020ml, JA사 노즐의 경우 1,150ml로 나타났으며, IS사의 경우 795ml로 나타났다. JA사의 경우 1,150 ml, IS사는 795 ml로 나타났다. 모든 압력에서 분무량은 TK-II, TK-I, JA 및 IS사 순으로 많았으며, TK-II사와 IS사간 분무량은 약 3배 차이를 보였다. 균등분포율을 알아보기 위한 압력별 측정결과는 모두 양 옆의 1, 2, 8, 9번 용기는 평균에 모자라는 분무량을 보였다. 그 외 3번 용기에서 7번 용기까지는 TK사의 경우 비교적 균일한 분무분포를 나타냈지만, JA사와 IS사의 경우 TK사 보다는 중앙이나 한쪽으로 분무량이 치우치는 경향을 나타냈다. 최적의 차량 소독기를 설계하기 위해서는 사용되는 노즐의 분사량, 균등분포율을 고려한 노즐 선택, 노즐 간격, 진행하는 차량의 속도 등을 우선적으로 고려하여 설계할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 1996

This experimental study was to investigate spray angles and drop sizes in an external mixed twin-fluid swirl jet nozzle. Twin-fluid swirl jet nozzle with swirlers designed four swirl angles such as $0^{\circ},\;22.5^{\circ},\;45^{\circ},\;64.2^{\circ}$ was employed. A PDA system was utilized for the measurement of drop size and mean velocity. Water and air were used as the working fluids in this experiment. The mass flow rate of water was fixed as 0.03 kg/min, and air flow rates were controlled to have the air/liquid mass ratio from 1.0 to 6.0. As a result, swirl angle controlled to spray angles and drop sizes. It was found that swirl angle was increased with spray angle and with decreased SMD. However, the effect of swirl angle was reduced at large air/liquid mass ratio(Mr=6.0).

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

배기노즐 형상변화에 따른 엔진성능특성 변화와 그에 따른 적외선 신호특성을 이해하기 위하여 마이크로 터보제트 엔진을 이용한 성능특성 및 적외선 신호 측정 연구를 수행하였다. 엔진 배기노즐은 원형노즐과 가로세로비가 서로 다른 5개의 사각형 노즐을 제작하여 실험을 진행하였다. 엔진의 추력 및 연료소모율은 배기노즐 형상에 따라 큰 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 그러나 배기가스에서 방출되는 적외선 신호의 경우 가로세로비가 큰 사각형 노즐에서 적외선 신호가 점차 감소하는 경향을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2010년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.195-200
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• 2010

Numerical investigation was conducted to study the effects of after-body configurations and nozzle lip on the PIFS(Plume Induced Flow Separation) and eat flux to the base face. Two dimensional and axi-symmetric non-equilibrium Navier-Stoke's solver with $k-{\omega}$ SST turbulence model was used to solve the launching vehicle type configuration with propulsive jet. The experimental result of Robert J. McGhee was compared with our computational results for code validation. Three types of the after-body configurations (Straight, Boat-tail, Flare type) were simulated for this study. And the nozzle lip effect was studies using the three types of base configurations same simulation conditions. As a result of numerical investigations, higher pressure ratio condition and boat-tail after-body configuration caused severe PIFS phenomenon but the flare type after-body configuration and low pressure ratio suppressed PIFS. Flare type after-body configuration and low pressure ratio case reduced heat flux to base face. The nozzle lip dispersed the heat flux widely along the base face and the nozzle lip.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2001

The vortex tube is a simple device which separates fluid stream into a cold stream and a hot stream without any chemical reaction. The process of energy separation in the vortex tube has caused a great deal of interest. Although many studies on energy separation in the vortex tube using air as the working fluid have been made so far, few experimental studies treated energy separation for incompressible fluid. So, an experimental study for the energy separation in the vortex tube using the water which is essentially an incompressible fluid is presented. When working fluid is the water, the best geometric values of nozzle area ratio and number of nozzle holes are 0.155, 6 respectively. These geometric values are showed by the similar values which are presented by compressible fluid as working fluid. But hot side mass fraction of which maximum temperature drop is happened are different from compressible fluid.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2017

In order to reduce the NOx, SCR technology is most suitable. In this study, we focused on studying the injector part of urea-SCR system. When stoichiometric 1 mole of urea is injected, 2 moles of $NH_3$ are created. $NH_3$ causes a SCR reaction by reacting with NOx. However, urea is decomposed by the side reaction of coming out HNCO, deposit formation is formed. In this study, it was to design a nozzle that can spray the optimal spray flow rate. Test nozzle used in this experiment is efferverscent type. The result of the experiment, liquid flow rate was confirmed to be that they are dominated by the exit orifice diameter. The area ratio is defined by ratio of the area of exit orifice hole and that of aerorator. The droplet size was measured by varying the area ratios. In addition, it was also confirmed that there is no change of the liquid flow rate and air flow rate to change the aerorator at the same exit orifice. Further, It was confirmed that the droplet size was relatively uniform even though the area ratio was different. Finally, there is little change in the SMD that air flow rate increases in 0.3 or more ALR.