• 한국GIS학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국GIS학회 2003년도 공동 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.108-111
• /
• 2003

Altimeter data from the Topex/Poseidon (T/P) were analyzed to study the sea surface circulation and its variability in the North East Asian Seas. Long term averaged T/P sea level time series data where compared with in situ sea level measurements from a float-operated type tide gauge around of south Korea and Japan. Tf data are a large contaminated by 60-day tidal aliasing effect, very near the alias periods of M2 and S2. When this 60-day effect is removed, the data agree well with the tide gauge data with 4.6 cm averaged RMS difference. The T/P derived sea level variability reveals clearly the well-known, strong current-topography such as Kuroshio. The T/P mean sea level of North Pacific (NP) was higher than Yellow Sea (YS) and East Sea (ES). The T/P sea level variability, with strong eddy and meandering, was the largest in eastern part of Japan and this variability was mainly due to the influence of bottom topography in Kuroshio Extension area.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• 제36권3호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2019

In this study, we investigate the associations between the solar variability and teleconnection indices, which influence atmospheric circulation and subsequently, the spatial distribution of the global pressure system. A study of the link between the Sun and a large-scale mode of climate variability, which may indirectly affect the Earth's climate and weather, is crucial because the feedbacks of solar variability to an autogenic or internal process should be considered with due care. We have calculated the normalized cross-correlations of the total sunspot area, the total sunspot number, and the solar North-South asymmetry with teleconnection indices. We have found that the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) index is anti-correlated with both solar activity and the solar North-South asymmetry, with a ~3-year lag. This finding not only agrees with the fact that El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ episodes are likely to occur around the solar maximum, but also explains why tropical cyclones occurring in the solar maximum periods and in El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o$ periods appear similar. Conversely, other teleconnection indices, such as the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index, the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) index, and the Pacific-North American (PNA) index, are weakly or only slightly correlated with solar activity, which emphasizes that response of terrestrial climate and weather to solar variability are local in space. It is also found that correlations between teleconnection indices and solar activity are as good as correlations resulting from the teleconnection indices themselves.

• 벤처창업연구
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.67-75
• /
• 2016

북한이탈주민은 남한사회에서 적응하는 과정에서 경험하는 경제적인 어려움은 낮은 소득수준과 전문성 부족에서 찾아볼 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 북한이탈주민을 대상으로 하는 창업지원을 위해서 정책과 제도개선 방안을 목적으로 수행되었다. 본 연구결과 창업자의 개인적 특성인 자기효능감이 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 창업동기와 창업교육도 창업의지에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 적응의 조절효과를 살펴본 결과 창업자의 개인적 특성 중 위험감수성향과 창업경험이 사회적응과의 상호작용과 창업동기와 사회적응의 상호작용을 통해서 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 북한이탈주민의 효율적인 창업지원 정착을 위해서는 창업자의 자기효능감을 높일 수 있는 창업교육이 필요하며, 창업동기와 위험감수성향과 사회적응 정도에 따라 창업지원이 이루어져야 할 것이다.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.224-234
• /
• 2013

이 연구는 지역특별기상센터-동경 태풍 센터에서 제공하는 태풍의 최적 경로 자료와 미국 국립 환경예측센터/미국 국립 대기연구센터의 재분석 자료를 이용하여 6월 북대서양 진동 지수와 7, 8월 총 북서태평양 태풍발생빈도 사이에 강한 양의 상관관계가 있음이 분석되었다. 이러한 관계의 가능한 원인을 알아보기 위해 엘니뇨, 라니냐 해를 포함한 경우와 포함 하지 않은 경우로 구분하여 가장 높은 양의 북대서양 진동 해와 가장 낮은 음의 북대서양 진동 해 사이의 평균 차를 분석하였다. 엘니뇨 해와 라니냐 해를 포함한 경우 양의 북대서양 진동 해에는 태풍이 열대 및 아열대 서태평양의 북서쪽에서 주로 발생하였으며, 필리핀 북동쪽 해상으로부터 동중국해를 지나 동아시아 중위도 지역으로 이동하는 패턴을 나타냈다. 반면, 음의 북대서양 진동 해에는 태풍이 열대 및 아열대 서태평양의 남동쪽에서 주로 발생하였으며, 필리핀 남동쪽 해상으로부터 남중국해를 지나 중국 남부해안 및 인도차이나 반도를 향해 서진하는 패턴을 나타냈다. 이러한 두 해의 태풍 이동 패턴은 태풍의 전향위치에도 영향을 주어 양의 북대서양 진동 해에 태풍 전향이 평균적으로 좀 더 북동쪽에 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 두 해의 태풍 이동 패턴은 태풍의 강도에도 영향을 주어 동아시아 중위도에 북상하는 동안 바다로부터 충분한 에너지를 공급받을 수 있는 양의 북대서양 진동 해의 태풍의 강도가 음의 북대서양 진동 해의 태풍들보다 더 강했다. 음의 북대서양 진동 해에 태풍은 중국 남부해안 및 인도차이나 반도에 상륙하면서 강도가 약해지거나 바로 소멸되어 약한 강도를 나타내었다. 한편 위의 모든 분석의 결과는 엘니뇨, 리니냐 해를 포함하지 않은 경우에도 비슷하게 나타나 6월 북대서양 진동 지수가 7, 8월 총 북서태평양 태풍발생빈도를 예측하는데 좋은 예측인자가 될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제40권1호
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2018

Previous studies have indicated a great regional difference in Sea Level Rise (SLR) in the Pacific and it has been suggested that this is linked to climate variability over the past two decades. In this study, we seek to identify the possible linkage between regional sea level and Pacific climate variability from altimetry-based sea level data (1993-2012) and further investigate how the Pacific sea level has changed spatially and temporally over the past 60 years from long-term sea level reconstruction data (1953-2008). Based on the same method as Zhang and Church (2012), the Inter-annual Climate Index (ICI) associated with the El $Ni{\tilde{n}}o-Southern$ Oscillation (ENSO) and the Decadal Climate Index (DCI) associated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) are defined and then the multiple variable linear regression is used to analyze quantitatively the impact of inter-annual and decadal climate variability on the regional sea levels in the Pacific. During the altimeter period, the ICI that represents ENSO influence on inter-annual time scales strongly impacts in a striking east-west "see-saw mode" on sea levels across the tropical Pacific. On the other hand, the decadal sea level pattern that is linked to the DCI has a broad meridional structure that is roughly symmetric in the equator with its North Pacific expression being similar to the PDO, which largely contributes to a positive SLR trend in the western Pacific and a negative trend in the eastern Pacific over the two most recent decades. Using long-term sea level reconstruction data, we found that the Pacific sea levels have fluctuated in the past over inter-annual and decadal time scales and that strong regional differences are presented. Of particular interest is that the SLR reveals a decadal shift and presents an opposite trend before and after the mid-1980s; i.e., a declining (rising) trend in the western (eastern) Pacific before the mid-1980s, followed by a rising (declining) trend from the mid-1980s onward in the western (eastern) Pacific. This result indicates that the recent SLR patterns revealed from the altimeters have been persistent at least since the mid-1980s.

• 대한지리학회지
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.659-666
• /
• 2003

본 연구는 한국에 있어서 춘계 강수 분포의 변동성과 소우년과 다우년의 500hPa면의 대기 순환 특성을 비교 분석한 연구이다. 한국의 춘계 강수량 변동률의 분포는 월별로 상이하다. 3월은 한국의 서안 지역은 높고 남동안은 낮아서 서고 동저, 4월은 북고 남저, 5월은 동고 서저 경향을 나타낸다. 500hPa면의 고도편차 분포에서 3월의 소우년은 한반도 주변과 북태평양 서안에 음의 편차역을 형성하고 시베리아를 중심한 동아시아 내륙이 양의 편차를 나타내어 서고 동저형을 이루고 있다. 따라서 한반도와 그 주변은 대상풍의 동서성분 풍속은 양의 편차역에 속하여 동서류가 강할 때 소우현상이 나타난다. 다우년은 소우년과는 대조적으로 한반도는 알류샨열도 주변 및 북태평양 서안에 중심을 둔 양의 편차역에 속하고, 티베트고원 및 시베리아를 중심한 동아시아 내륙지역은 음의 편차역에 속하여 동고 서저형을 나타내며, 이 때 동서류는 약하다. 4ㆍ5월의 소우년은 북태평양의 중앙부에서 동아시아 동안에 연결된 대상의 음의 편차역에 속하며 양의 편차역은 알류샨열도에서 티베트고원에 이르는 동아시아 중부에 분포하여 북고 남저 유형을 나타내고 다우년은 소우년과 반대로 남고북저 유형을 나타내고 있다. 한반도에서의 춘계 소우년과 다우년의 출현시 대기 순환이 대조적일 뿐만 아니라 조춘과 만춘의 대기순환이 상이함을 확인하였다.

• 대기
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.299-314
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2006. Twenty three tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2006. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty three tropical cyclones, fifteen cyclones reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest eight cyclones only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - three STS and five TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2006 began in May with the formation of CHANCHU (0601). The convective activity was slightly inactive around the Philippines from late June to early August. In addition, subtropical high was more enhanced than normal over the south of Japan from May to early August. Consequently, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines after late June, and many of them moved westwards to China. CHANCHU (0601), BILIS (0604), KAEMI (0605), PRAPIROON (0606) and SAOMI (0608) brought damage to China, the Philippines, and Vietnam. On the other hand, EWINIAR (0603) moved northwards and hit the Republic of Korea, causing damage to the country. From late August to early September, convective activity was temporarily inactive over the sea east of the Philippines. However, it turned active again after late September. Subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan after late August. Therefore, most tropical cyclones formed over the sea east of the Philippines and moved northwards. WUKONG (0610) and SHANSHAN (0613) hit Japan to bring damage to the country. On the other hand, XANGSANE (0615) and CIMARON (0619) moved westwards in the South China Sea, causing damage to the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Another special feature in 2006 tropical cyclone activity is that IOKE (0612) formed in the central North Pacific crossed 180 degree longitude and moved into the western North Pacific. It has been four years since HUKO (0224) in 2002.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2011

We determined potential meso-scale benthic-pelagic ecosystem coupling in the north equatorial Pacific by comparing surface chl-a concentration with sediment bacterial abundance and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration (indication of active biomass). Water and sediment samples were latitudinally collected between 5 and $11^{\circ}N$ along $131.5^{\circ}W$. Physical water properties of this area are characterized with three major currents: North Equatorial Current (NEC), North Equatorial Count Current (NECC), and South Equatorial Current (SEC). The divergence and convergence of the surface water occur at the boundaries where these currents anti-flow. This low latitude area ($5{\sim}7^{\circ}N$) appears to show high pelagic productivity (mean phytoplankton biomass=$1266.0\;mgC\;m^{-2}$) due to the supplement of high nutrients from nutrient-enriched deep-water via vertical mixing. But the high latitude area ($9{\sim}11^{\circ}N$) with the strong stratification exhibits low surface productivity (mean phytoplankton biomass=$603.1\;mgC\;m^{-2}$). Bacterial cell number (BCN) and ATP appeared to be the highest at the superficial layer and reduced with depth of sediment. Latitudinally, sediment BCN from low latitude ($5{\sim}7^{\circ}N$) was $9.8{\times}10^8\;cells\;cm^{-2}$, which appeared to be 3-times higher than that from high latitude ($9{\sim}11^{\circ}N$; $2.9{\times}10^8\;cells\;cm^{-2}$). Furthermore, sedimentary ATP at the low latitude ($56.2\;ng\;cm^{-2}$) appeared to be much higher than that of the high latitude ($3.3\;ng\;cm^{-2}$). According to regression analysis of these data, more than 85% of the spatial variation of benthic microbial biomass was significantly explained by the phytoplankton biomass in surface water. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that benthic productivity in this area is strongly coupled with pelagic productivity.

• Ocean and Polar Research
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.195-207
• /
• 2016

Because the high latitude region in the North Pacific is characterized by high primary production in the surface water enriched with nutrients, it is important to understand the variation of surface water productivity and associated nutrient variability in terms of global carbon cycle. Surface water productivity change or its related nutrient utilization rate during the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (NHG; ca. 2.73 Ma) has been reported, but little is known about such circumstances under gradual climate cooling since the NHG. Bulk nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$) of sedimentary organic matter has been used for the reconstruction of nutrient utilization rate in the surface water. However, sedimentary organic matter experiences diagenesis incessantly during sinking through the water column and after burial within the sediments. Thus, in this study we examine the degree of nitrate utilization rate during the early Pleistocene (2.4-1.25 Ma) since the NHG, using the diatom-bound nitrogen isotope (${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$), which is known to be little influenced by diagenesis, from Site U1343 in the Bering slope area. ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values range from ~0.5 to 5.5‰, which is lower than ${\delta}^{15}N_{bulk}$ values, but they vary with larger amplitude. Variation patterns between ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ values and biogenic opal concentration are generally consistent, which indicates that the nitrate utilization rate is closely related to opal productivity change in the surface water. A positive correlation between opal productivity and nitrate utilization rate was observed, which is different from the other high latitude regions in the North Pacific. The main reason for this contrasting relationship is that the primary production in the surface water at Site U1343 is influenced mostly by the degree of sea ice formation. Still, although concerns about diagenetic alteration have been avoided by using ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$, the effects of the preservation state of biogenic opal and the species-dependent isotopic fractionation on ${\delta}^{15}N_{db}$ should be assessed in the future studies.

• 대기
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.183-197
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to summarize tropical cyclone activity in 2007. 24 tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2007. The total number is less than the thirty-year (1971~2000) average frequency of 26.7. Out of twenty four tropical cyclones, 14 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 10 only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - four STS and six TS storms. The tropical cyclone season in 2007 began in April with the formation of KONG-REY (0701). From April to May, two TCs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity there. From June to July, convective activity turned inactive over the sea around the Philippines and in the South China Sea, and the subtropical high was weak over the south of Japan. MAN-YI (0704) and USAGI (0705) moved northwestward and hit Japan, bringing serious damage to the country. After August, convective activity became enhanced over the sea east of the Philippines, and the subtropical high turned strong over the sea south of Japan. Many TCs, which formed over the sea east of the Philippines and in the South China Sea, moved westward and hit China and Vietnam. PABUK (0706), WUTIP (0707), SEPAT (0708), WIPHA (0712), LEKIMA (0714) and KROSA (0715) brought serious damage to some countries including China, the Philippines and Vietnam. On the other hand, FITOW (0709) and NARI (0711) moved northward, bringing serious damage to Japan and Korea. After HAIYAN (0716), all four TCs except FAXAI (0720) formed over the sea east of $140^{\circ}E$. Three typhoons among them affected Republic of Korea, MAN-YI (0704), USAGI (0705) and NARI (0711). Particularly, NARI (0711) moved northward and made landfall at Goheng Peninsula ($34.5^{\circ}N$, $127.4^{\circ}E$) in 1815 KST 16 September. Due to $11^{th}$ typhoon NARI, strong wind and record-breaking rainfall amount was observed in Jeju Island. It was reported that the daily precipitation was 420.0 mm at Jeju city, Jeju Island on 16 September the highest daily rainfall since Jeju began keeping records in 1927. This typhoon hit the southern part of the Korean peninsula and Jeju Island. 18 people lost their lives, 14,170 people were evacuated and US$ 1.6 billion property damage was occurred.