• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.30-32
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• 2019

The brachyuran crab Bythograeidae Williams, 1980 is common in hydrothermal vent fields worldwide and has recorded to sixteen species of six genera. In this study, we firstly determined the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) DNA barcodes for the fifth species of Austinograea, A. hourdezi, from hydrothermal vent regions of the North Fiji Basin in southwestern Pacific Ocean. All CO1 DNA barcodes of A. hourdezi were identical. The interspecies variations of three bythograeid genera were 10.9-13.3% for Austinograea, 6.6-15.7% for Bythograea, and 9.7% for Gandalfus. These results would be helpful to understand taxonomy of brachyuran crabs living in hydrothermal vent fields using CO1 DNA barcodes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5897-5901
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to clarify the role of gastrokine 1 in the process of formation and development of gastric cancer. The expression of gastrokine 1 in gastric cancer and corresponding non-cancerous gastric tissues of 52 gastric cancer patients was assessed with the real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. We also analyzed the relationship between the expression level and clinicopathological characteristics. Gastrokine 1 gene and protein expression in gastric cancer tissues was in both cases significantly lower than in corresponding non-cancerous gastric tissues (both P<0.01), but no significant relationship was found with clinicopathological parameters including tumor location, depth of invasion, differentiation, lymph node metastasis, stage, gender, age and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) level in peripheral blood preoperation of patients (P>0.05, respectively). Furthermore, gastrokine 1 gene expression was markedly lower in gastric cancer tissues of Helicobacter pylori (HP)-positive patients than negative ones (P<0.05). The result of the study showed that gastrokine 1 might play a significant role in the process of formation and development of gastric cancer as an anti-oncogene. Its effect might be weakened by HP infection.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.539-550
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• 2009

This study found that tropical cyclones (TCs) formed for fall in 2007 over the western North Pacific were distributed in high-latitudes comparing to 56-year (1951-2006) climatological mean. The frequency and latitude of TC genesis became higher than 56-year climatological mean from September onward in 2007 and all the TCs that formed to the north of 20$^{\circ}$N was also distributed after September in 2007. These characteristics of TC genesis for fall in 2007 could be confirmed through analyzing various variables, such as a large-scale atmospheric circulation, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), vertical zonal wind shear, and sea surface temperature (SST). On the other hand, a frequency of the TC that occurred to the north of 200N showed a clear interdecadal variation and its decreasing trend was distinctive in recent years. Its intensity was also weaker that TCs that did to the south of 20$^{\circ}$N. However, a latitude of TC genesis showed an increasing trend until recent years, whose variation was consistent with trend that through a SST analysis, warm SST went north in recent years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.2643-2646
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• 2012

Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major etiological agent of cervical cancer, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in women worldwide. Screening strategies for reducing the burden of HPV-mediated carcinogenesis are emerging as an effective means for cervical cancer control and prevention in developing countries. Our study, therefore, aimed to identify HPV infection status in North Indian women during random population screening. Methodology: Cervical/vaginal exfoliated cells and/or Pap smear specimens were collected from 890 women of North Indian ethnicity residing in Lucknow and adjoining areas, during random population screening from June 2009-March 2012. HPV viral loads in clinical specimens were determined by the Hybrid Capture (hc)-2 HPV DNA assay, and subsequently, positive/negative/borderline HPV status was calculated. Results: The HPV incidence in the present study was 11.7%. 751 out of a total of 890 women (84.4%) participating in our HPV screening program were HPV negative (HPV -), 104 (11.7%) tested positive (HPV +) while 35 (3.9%) showed borderline (HPV $^*$) infection status. Furthermore, in the HPV + subjects (N=104), 18 (17.3%) showed strong positivity. We observed that HPV positivity tends to increase with age in North Indian women; the higher the viral load with increasing age, higher is the susceptibility to HPV-mediated cervical cancer. Conclusions: HPV viral load/genotyping may help in identifying women at risk of developing cervical cancer. However, cost-effective HPV screening protocols with a wider population coverage are warranted so as to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in women worldwide in the vaccine-era.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1093-1096
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• 2012

Background: Cervical cancer is common among women worldwide. A multitude of risk factors aggravate the disease. This study was conducted to: (1) determine the prevalence and (2) make a comparative analysis of the socio-demographic and behavioural risk factors of cervical cancer and knowledge, attitude and practice between rural and urban women of North Bengal, India. Study Design: Community-based cross-sectional study. Methods: A survey (first in North Bengal) was conducted among 133 women in a rural area (Kawakhali) and 88 women in an urban slum (Shaktigarh) using predesigned semi-structured questionnaires. The respondents were informed of the causes (including HPV), signs and symptoms, prevention of cervical cancer and treatment, and the procedure of the PAP test and HPV vaccination. Results: The prevalence of risk factors like multiparity, early age of marriage, use of cloth during menstruation, use of condom and OCP, early age of first intercourse was 37.2%, 82%, 83.3%, 5.4%, 15.8% and 65.6% respectively. Awareness about the cause, signs and symptoms, prevention of cervical cancer, PAP test and HPV vaccination was 3.6%, 6.3%, 3.6%, 9.5% and 14.5% respectively. Chi-square testing revealed that in the study population, significant differential at 5% exists between rural and urban residents with respect to number of children, use of cloth/sanitary napkins, family history of cancer and awareness regarding causes of cervical cancer. Regarding KAP, again using chi-square tests, surprisingly, level of education is found to be significant for each element of KAP in urban areas in contrast to complete absence of association between education and elements of KAP in rural areas. Conclusions: A large number of risk factors were present in both areas, the prevalence being higher in the rural areas. The level of awareness and role of education appears to be insignificant determinants in rural compared to urban areas. This pilot study needs to be followed up by large scale programmes to re-orient awareness campaigns, especially in rural areas.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.785-790
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• 2013

Background: Persistent infection of one or more of about 15 high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs), most commonly HPV types 16/18, has a significant role in cervical cancer initiation and progression. There are limited data available from north-east India about HPV prevalence though this region has high incidence rates of cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the HPV genotypes prevalent in cervical cancer patients of north-east India. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 107 cervical cancer patient samples. Nested multiplex PCR assays were employed for detection of 13 high risk and 5 low risk HPV types. Results: HPV was confirmed in 105 samples. The presence of 6 'carcinogenic' HPV types, HPV-16 (88%), -18 (15%), -31(4%),-45 (3%), -59 (4%), -58(1%), and one non carcinogenic, HPV-6/11 (6%), was recorded. Among various demographic and clinical factors only tumour stage showed a statistically significant association with HPV type infection (P=0.019). Conclusions: We suggest that the most prevalent genotype is HPV-16 followed by HPV-18 in cervical carcinoma patients of the north-eastern region of India. Advanced tumour stage may be associated with increased possibility of harbouring multiple HPV genotypes.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2023

인공위성 관측 유의파고는 기후변화에 대한 해양의 반응을 이해하는데 널리 활용되므로 장기간의 지속적인 검증이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 1992년부터 2016년까지 25년 동안 북태평양과 북대서양에서 9종의 인공위성 고도계 관측 유의파고의 정확도를 평가하고 오차 특성을 분석하였다. 위성 고도계와 부이 관측 유의파고 자료를 비교 분석하기 위하여 137,929개의 위성-실측 유의파고 일치점 자료를 생성하였다. 북태평양과 북대서양에서 위성 고도계 유의파고는 0.03 m의 편차와 0. 27 m의 평균제곱근오차를 보여 비교적 높은 정확도로 관측되고 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 위성 고도계 유의파고는 지역적인 해역 특성에 따라 오차의 공간 분포 특성이 상이하였다. 실측 유의파고에 따른 오차, 위도별 오차의 계절분포 및 연안으로부터 거리에 따른 오차를 분석하여 오차 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 대부분의 위성에서 실측 유의파고가 낮을 때 과대추정되었으며 실측 유의파고가 높을 때 과소추정되는 경향이 나타났다. 고도계 유의파고의 오차는 겨울철에 증가되고 여름철에 감소되는 뚜렷한 계절변화를 보였으며 고위도로 갈수록 변동성이 증폭되었다. 연안으로부터 거리에 따른 평균제곱근오차는 100 km 이상의 외해에서는 0. 3 m 이하로 높은 정확도를 보인 반면 15 km 이내의 연안에서는 오차가 0. 5 m 이상으로 현저하게 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 인공위성 고도계 자료를 활용하여 전구 및 지역적인 해역에서 유의파고의 시공간 변동성 분석 시 각별한 주의가 필요함을 시사한다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2009

Anatomical comparison of 8 North American species of Abies was executed to provide taxonomic information. The species of eastern (balsam and Fraser fir) and western (Pacific silver, white, grand, subalpine, California red, and noble fir) were found to be separated on the basis of crystals and color of contents in ray parenchyma cells and ray height. In eastern species, crystals in ray parenchyma cells were absent and ray parenchyma cell contents were colorless to very light. These two eastern species were further characterized by the absence of uniseriate rays exceeding 25 cells in height. In western species, only subalpine fir had colorless to very light contents but the remaining five species have dark contents in ray parenchyma cells. Crystals were absent to extremely sparse in Pacific silver fir, somewhat frequent in noble fir, frequent in grand and California red fir, and very frequent in white fir. Uniseriate rays exceeding 25 cells in height were regularly found in grand and California red fir but absent in white and noble fir.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2015년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.445-447
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• 2015

동북아시아의 정세는 일본, 중국, 필리핀, 베트남 등 동중국해 연안 국가 간 영토 분쟁, 북한의 연이은 핵실험 및 장거리 탄도미사일 발사 시험, 중국의 랴오닝급 항공모함 건조 등으로 인해 급변하고 있다. 특히 불안정한 북한의 상황, 중국의 해군력 증강을 통한 A2/AD(Anti-Access/Area Denial, 반접근/지역거부) 전략 등으로 인해 미국의 아시아 태평양 지역 안보 전략의 재검토가 불가피하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 변경된 미국의 아시아 태평양 안보 전략과 미 해군 전력의 재배치 계획에 대해 조사 및 분석하고, 변화된 주변 환경이 우리의 안보에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석하였다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2018년도 학술발표회
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• pp.211-211
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• 2018

미해양대기청 기후예측센터(Climate Prediction Center, NOAA)에서 제공하고 있는 기후지수(climate indices)를 예측인자로 하고 금강유역의 5~6월의 강우량을 예측대상으로 하는 원격상관기반 통계모형을 구축하였다. 1988년부터 2017년까지의 30년 자료에 대해 예측인자와 예측대상간의 시간지연상관분석을 수행한 결과 NAO(North Atlantic Oscillation), EP/NP(East Pacific/North Pacific Oscillation), EA(East Atlantic Pattern), WP(Western Pacific Index) 등과 상관성이 높은 것으로 분석되었으며, 이러한 시간지연 기후지수를 이용하여 4개월전에 5,6월 강수량을 예측할 수 있는 다중회귀모형을 개발하였다. 관측 강우량 아노말리가 큰 경우에는 다소 과소 예측되고, 아노말리가 작은 경우에는 다소 과다 예측되는 경향을 보였지만 관측 강우량과 예측 강우량간의 상관계수가 0.75로서 비교적 우수한 예측 결과를 나타내었다. 5~6월 강우량 아노말리의 3분위 예측성을 평가한 결과 평년이상 적중률은 77.8%, 평년수준은 81.8%로서 예측 성공률이 높았으며, 5, 6월 누적강우량이 매우 작았던 92년과 95년을 제외하고는 강우량이 적은 해에도 예측성이 우수하여 평년이하 적중률이 70.0%를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 개발모형은 최소 4개월 이전 선행시간을 가지고 늦봄, 초여름강우량을 예측할 수 있는 저비용의 가뭄 예측 도구로 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.