• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.713-722
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• 1995

The purpose of the study is to investigate the types of apparel usage situations percieved by female consumers. Data (N=132) were collected via a questionnaire developed on the focused stoup interviews and previous studies. By multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, two dimensions of perceptual criteria on apparel usage situations are identified: formality, and normative aspects of apparel style. Results indicate that apparel usage situations perceived by female consumers can be classified into four major types: (1) Formal-Normative Situations, (2) Informal-Normative Situations, (3) Informal-Normless Situations, and (4) Formal-Normless Situations.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.129-159
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• 2014

This Study discuss exploring normative-prescriptive factors after the themes on Organizational learning categorize two descriptive/explanatory-perspectives, prescriptive/normative dimension. The former would contain information processing model, theory of action, organizing in organization, while Senge's suggestion on Learning Organization may compose the latter. Each perspective is reconstructed and reinterpreted into the causal mapping relationship founded on system thinking and SD. Underlying on the former try to discovery validities of the latter. But this study only put forward the integral-dynamic model of organizational learning without empirical simulation.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2001

The purpose of this paper is to examine bedroom-need norms and the relationship between normative deficits for bedroom sharing and housing space satisfaction of adolescent. Three cases were mainly considered to apply for adolescents to share a bedroom: maximum age and number limits of a child sharing a parents'bedroom, maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the opposite sex, and maximum age of an old child sharing a bedroom with its siblings of the same sex. The data were collected 400 eighth grade students in the three different size of regions, June-July, 1999 and 379 cases were finally analyzed. The result showed that the normative deficits for bedroom sharing was a statistically signiticant factor to explain housing space satisfaction of adolescents even though the condition of bedroom sharing was the most influencial variable. This reset supports the family housing adjustment behavior model of Morris and Winter.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

This study develops normative scores of the Infant/Toddler version of the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (IT-HOME) inventory for Korean infants and toddlers. We selected 482 0- to 36-month-old infants and families by a stratified sampling procedure that considered residency, age, and gender of children. The pass rate, discrimination rate, and internal consistency were analyzed for the item analysis. Statistical validity included intercorrelation among the IT-HOME subscales, correlation between IT-HOME scores and environmental status variables, and correlation between IT-HOME and Korean Bayley Scales of Infant Development second edition (K-BSID-II) scores. Normative scores were prepared by percentile ranks. The results of this study were as follows: First, 45 items were acceptable for Korean subjects with few exceptions. IT-HOME was developed to screen unfavorable environmental factors during infancy; therefore, items such as 12, 17, 23, 39, 44 need to be retained even though they had low discriminating power. Second, IT-HOME subscales were correlated, and IT-HOME was significantly related to parents' education level, household income level, and infant' developmental levels. Third, percentile scores and the median of each IT-HOME subscales were suggested as normative scores. We discussed the normative scores of the IT-HOME to screen the quality of home environments for children aged 0-36 months in Korea, and provide the intervention basis for the at-risk population.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.199-199
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• 2017

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제84권5호
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• pp.1080-1090
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• 2023

목적 이 연구의 목적은 한국 인구에서 NeuroQuant (이하 NQ)와 DeepBrain (이하 DB)에서 측정된 뇌 용적과 정상규준 백분위수를 비교하고, 두개골 형태와의 연관성을 확인하는 것이다. 대상과 방법 이 연구는 구조적 뇌 이상이 없는 163명의 한국인을 대상으로 NQ와 DB에서 측정된 뇌 용적과 정상규준 백분위수를 비교하고, 두개골 형태와의 연관성을 확인한 후향적 연구이다. 급내상관계수분석과 선형분석의 통계학적 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 정상규준 백분위수는 시상(90.8 vs. 63.3 percentile), 피각(90.0 vs. 60.0 percentile), 그리고 두정엽(80.1 vs. 74.1 percentile)에서 NQ가 DB보다 더 큰 것으로 나타났고, 후두엽(18.4 vs. 68.5 percentile)은 DB가 NQ보다 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 후두엽의 경우 두개골 형태와의 비교 연구에서 유의미한 연관성을 보였고, 두개골의 전후 방향의 길이와 비례하고 상하방향의 길이와는 반비례했다. 결론 NQ와 DB에서 얻은 정상규준 백분위는 각 뇌 영역마다 유의미한 차이를 보였고, 그 차이는 한국 인구의 두개골 형태와 유의미한 관계가 있었다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1021-1037
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• 2015

This study analyzed the impact of sense of self-efficacy on job satisfaction and organizational commitment among technical designers in order to acquire information needed for human resources management in the field of technical design. The study was implemented through a normative-descriptive survey method using a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 217 technical designers working at vendors and agents located in Seoul. The results revealed that there were significant differences in the sense of self-efficacy levels among technical designers according to age and work experience. Personal self-efficacy had a positive influence on both intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction, but also on affective, continuance, and normative organizational commitment. In addition, personal self-efficacy had a greater influence on extrinsic job satisfaction than social self-efficacy. Both personal and social self-efficacy influenced continuance commitment while there was no relationship between social self-efficacy and affective organizational commitment. However, a clear relationship was found between both social and personal self-efficacy and normative organizational commitment. Nevertheless, social self-efficacy had a greater influence on normative organizational commitment than personal self-efficacy. This fact demonstrates the need to exert more effort to promote the sense of personal self-efficacy of technical designers. These results could be used to provide appropriate proposals for human resources management in the field of technical design.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

To decrease employees' job stress in the viewpoint of occupational health is very important to improve the productivity and quality of labor. In this study, the job stress, and it's influence on job commitment and organizational commitment were investigated by the questionnaire survey of 259 industrial workers. As results, the majority of workers were under job stress resulted from job demand, job control, and coworker's support. The work times per a week and night work had significant relationships with job demand, and the maximum negative relationship between the work times per a week and job continuous commitment was found. Job demand had the significant relationship with job affective and normative commitment, and job control had the significant relationship with job normative commitment and organizational affective commitment. Moreover, job affective and normative commitment had the significant relationship with organizational continuous commitment. Finally, it was found that cyclic organic chain was composed of work times per a week, night work, salary, job demand, job control, job affective and normative commitment, and organizational affective and continuous commitment. The results of this study indicates that reducing cyclic organic chain is urgently necessary to increase employees' job satisfaction and company commitment.

• 대한건축학회연합논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2006

This paper discusses issues faced by individual building industry clients. These form the majority of clients but, because they do not possess high purchasing power, they attract less attention in the industry. Given that key decisions on project definition and procurement strategy are made at the pre-project stage, the industry would benefit from knowing relevant aspects of its clients' attitudes and behaviors, so that it can support them. There is a lack of research on this subject, and so we first describe a theoretical framework and research methodology that were developed for this specific group of clients. Theory adopted from consumer behavioral research was introduced to develop a general behavioral model of individual clients. In this model, individual clients are assumed to seek and then process information after acknowledging normative activities. To validate our model, a field survey was conducted using randomly selected individual clients. Their opinions on the importance and difficulty of 12 normative activities were analysed to establish a general attitude. Information seeking behaviour was investigated by measuring the frequency and type of source that they contacted to conduct the normative activities. The attitudes and information seeking behaviour presented in this research will contribute to the development of project tools for supporting these clients.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2021

This study examines how corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects corporate tax avoidance behavior. Using a sample of publicly listed U.S. firms, we find that legal CSR-which is required by law-reduces the level of corporate tax avoidance because this type of CSR reduces information asymmetry between investors and corporate management in such a way that investors are less likely to perceive tax avoidance behavior as a risk. On the other hand, we find that the relationship between normative CSR-which is a voluntary type of CSR behavior-and tax avoidance is not statistically significant. Instead, our additional analysis reveals that normative CSR increases the level of corporate tax avoidance conditional on reporting quality. This study provides meaningful implications to the academic literature and to practitioners. Not only does this study highlight the fact that not all CSR are alike, it highlights that it is important to provide transparent CSR information in order to allow stakeholders to estimate the net effects of firms' CSR activities and tax payment.