• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.233-246
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• 1994

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the difference of muscular activities of the tongue and lip muscles between anterior open-bite and normal occlusion during various function. Thirty eight subjects of 12.1-39.6 years were employed in this study : Eighteen subjects were anterior open-bites and tweenty subjects were normal occlusions. During rest position, maximum effort of lip sealing, command swallow of saliva and sucking & swallowing of juice, the electromyographic datas of the genioglossus, superior longitudinal muscle of tongue, upper and lower orbicularis oris were recorded and integrated with Medelec MS 25 electromyographic machine. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken on all subjects for the analysis of tongue posture and size. All data were recored and statistically processed. The findings of this study can be summerized as follows : 1. During the rest position, muscular activity of tongue was higher than that of lip muscle in open-bite, but no difference in normal occlusion group. 2. During the swallowing of juice, the activity of orbicularis oris was higher than that of genioglossus in open-bite. But the normal occusion was showed higher activity of tongue during the swallowing of juice. 3. The open-bite, compared to the normal occlusion, had higher value of tongue muscle activity during the rest position. 4. Compared to normal occlusion group, the open-bite had higher value of lip muscle activity during the sucking and swallowing of juice. 5. During the command swallow of saliva, the normal occlusion was showed harmonious swallowing pattern, but the open-bite showed much variation and disharmony in muscular contraction sequence, tended to absent of lip muscle activity. 6. At the lateral cephalometric radiographs, compared to the normal occlusion, the open-bite was showed lower tongue posture. But no difference was found in intermaxillary space. It is suggested that the open-bite, compared to the normal occlusion, had higher muscular activity of tongue during the rest position and various functions, showed lower tongue posture on the lateral cephalogram. In the development of anterior open-bite malocclusion, these factors may be an etiologic factor.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.245-261
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• 2014

Knowledge, technology and information have special characteristics different from the ones of normal consumer products and services. Especially the value of such information varies according to external elements such as the provided environment, their method of utilization, and the level and purpose, etc. of the user. In this study, the indicators of information customer value are developed and measured to enhance customer-based values with efforts for making new customers and maintaining existing customers. The result is as follows: 14 customer value indicators were developed. Among the indicators, value gained versus effort, reduced time for research idea investigation and savings in time searching for equipment, and tools and materials got the highest score, which means that time-saving effects were the most important. The field study of this paper was conducted from information users in the field of national R&D, and thus future studies could be conducted in various industries in many countries to attain generalized results.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2021

Properties and comparison of multivariate CUSUM and EWMA charts for monitoring Σ of multivariate normal N(${\underline{\mu}}$, Σ) process has considered. Comparison of the performances of the considered charts, the numerical values are obtained by simulation with 10,000 iteration in terms of ATS, ANSS and ANSW. We found that EWMA chart with small values of smoothing constant more effectively detects the process changes than with large smoothing constant. And we also found that CUSUM chart with small value of reference value is more effectively detecting the process change than with large reference value. If a process engineer has interest in detecting small amount of shift rather than large shift, he/she can be recommended to use small smoothing constant in EWMA chart and small reference value in CUSUM chart.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2003

암석의 절리면 전단강도의 이방성을 연구하기 위하여 인공절리면을 형성한 시편에 대한 실험을 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 즉 낮은 수직응력 상태에서 전단 방향에 따른 전단강도, 전단강성 및 마찰각을 구하기 위한 실험을 실시하였다 그 결과 낮은 수직응력하에서 전단 강도 및 강성은 전단 방향에 따라 이방성을 보이며, 특히 수직응력 2.45 MPa미만에서 뚜렷하였다. 그리고 수직응력이 증가할수록 절리면의 이방성 효과는 감소하였다. 따라서 낮은 수직응력 하에서 전단강도 및 강성값을 보다 정확히 구하기 위해서 Barton의 식에 전단방향을 고려한 보정함수 F(a)를 반영하여 새로이 수정식을 제안한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.333-339
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• 2012

Freezing of gait is a severely problem in people with Parkinson's disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the muscle activities of adductor longus, gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior using Noraxon 8 channels EMG system during stop task in patients with Parkinson's disease. Seven parkinson's patients and age matched normal participants were recruited in the study. Filtered EMG signals were rectified, smoothed and integrated. To control for the altered timing and magnitude of activity, iEMG was normalized for time and peak value. The results indicated that the patients with Parkinson showed decreased gait cycle, stance phase, swing phase time, swing phase time ratio and increased stance phase time ratio than normal participants. The patients with Parkinson showed decreased gastrocnemius muscle activity time ratio, while increased tibialis anterior muscle activity time ratio than normal participants. During stance phase before stop, the patients with Parkinson showed relatively lower average and peak iEMG in anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscle than normal participants. During swing phase before stop, the patients with Parkinson showed relatively higher average iEMG in gastrocnemius muscle than normal participants. During stop phase, the patients with Parkinson showed relatively lower average and peak iEMG in anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscle than normal participants.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2011

초광대역 레이더는 높은 분해 능력으로 인해 단거리 차량용 레이더로 주목받고 있다. 차량으로부터 반사된 레이더 신호는 "clutter"라는 원하지 않는 반사 신호를 갖게 되어, 목표물을 검출하는데 어려움을 갖게 된다. 그러므로 목표물에서 반사된 신호로부터 보다 확실하게 검출하기 위하여 레이더 검출기를 개발할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 log-normal clutter 환경에서 다양한 평균과 분산에서 최적인 검출기를 구하였다. 비동기 방식의 검출기로 자승 검출기와 선형 검출기, 로그 검출기 등을 분석하였다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 검출기의 성능을 분석하여, 차량용 레이더로 최적인 검출기를 구하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2003

The objectives of this study were to develop restructured meat products(RMPs) using a transgluta-minase(TGase) and to improve the textural characteristics of RMPs manufactured with pale, soft, exudative(PSE) pork hams. The pH values of RMPs with PSE and normal pork were 5.94 and 6.07, respectively, and their water activity value was approximately 0.981. The RMPs had 70∼72％ moisture, 4∼5％ fat, 19∼20％ protein, and approximately 3％ ash contents. No differences in pH, water activity, chemical composition, and hunter color values were observed between RMPs manufactured with normal and PSE pork(p＞0.05). However, RMPs containing PSE pork hams had higher drip loss(％)(p＞0.05) than those with normal pork hams after 10 days of refrigerated storage. Although no differences were observed in the texture profile analysis(TPA) hardness and sensory evaluation, RMPs with PSE pork hams tended to have more pores and lower binding capacity those with normal pork. This result indicated that additional substrates or longer tumbling time(＞4 hr) for the manufacture of RMPs containing PSE pork were required for the products to have similar palatability to those with normal pork.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.105-114
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• 1985

In order to obtain the basic data of the movements of the mandible for orthodontic treatment and gnathosurgery of cleft individuals, the ranges and shapes of the movements of the mandible were measured in frontal, sagittal, and horizontal view with Saphon Visi-Trainer CII, in 19 adult cleft lip and palate individuals. The subjects included 5 BCLP, 9 UCLP, and 5 CLA patients. The measurements were compared with the values of normal individuals reported by Kang 1. Frontal view. The mean values for maximal laterotrusion were almost the same as those previously reported for the normal individuals. Mandibular deviation in maximal opening was usually toward the right, while it was mainly toward the left in normal individuals. Typical shield was formed only in the CLA group. 2. Sagittal view; The mean value for maximal protrusion was not different from that of normal group and antero-posterior deviation showed a significant difference. The angle of maximal protrusion and horizontal plane was less than that of normal group. 3. Horizontal view; The mean values for maximal laterotrusion and protrusion were not different from those of the normal group. The angle of the laterotrusion and horizontal plane was larger in the left and smaller in the right.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2004

In this paper, we study the uniqueness of entire functions and prove the following result: Let f(z) and g(z) be two nonconstant entire functions, $n\;{\geq}\;7$ a positive integer, and let a be a nonzero finite complex number. If $f^{n}(z)(f(z)\;-\;1)f'(z)\;and\;g^{n}(z)(g(z)\;-\;1)g'(z)$ share a CM, then $f(z)\;{\equiv}\;g(z)$. The result improves the theorem due to ref. [3].

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 1980

Hematologic values were determined in cephalic vein blood samples obtained from 20 males and 37 females adult normal Jindo dogs. 1. The mean values of red blood cell count, hemoglobin value and packed cell volume were $7.29{\pm}2.27{\times}10^6/{\mu}