• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-149
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• 2015

Objectives Recently the fuzzy logic is widely used in the decision making, identification, pattern recognition, optimization in various fields. In this study, we propose the fuzzy logic as the objective method of distinguishing hot and cold, the basis of diagnosis in Korean medicine. Methods We developed fuzzy inference system to distinguish whether the subjects had hot or cold. The cold and hot questionnaire of Korean traditional university textbook, the pulse rate and the DITI value of face used in the system. These three kinds of information were defined as 'fuzzy sets,' and 54 fuzzy rules were established on the basis of clinical practitioners' knowledge. The fuzzy inference was performed by using the Mamdani's method. To evaluate the usefulness of the fuzzy inference system, 200 cases of data measured in the Woosuk university hospital of oriental medicine were used to compare the determining hot, normal, cold results obtained from the experts and from the proposed system. Results As a result, 100 cases of "cold", 54 cases of "normal", and 34 cases of "hot" were matched between the experts and the proposed system. This fuzzy system showed the conformity degree of 94%(${\kappa}=0.853$). Conclusions In this study, we could express the process of distinguishing hot-cold using the fuzzy logic for objectification and quantification of hot-cold identification. This is the first study that introduce a fuzzy logic for distinguish pattern identification. The degree of the heat characteristic of the patients inferred by this system could provide a more objective basis for diagnosing the hot-cold of patients.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.239-245
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• 2008

A level set based topological shape optimization using extended B-spline basis functions is developed for steady-state heat conduction problems. The only inside of complicated domain identified by the level set functions is taken into account in computation, so we can remove the effects of domain outside parts in heat conduction problem. The solution of Hamilton-Jacobi equation leads to an optimal shape according to the normal velocity field determined from the sensitivity analysis, minimizing a thermal compliance while satisfying a volume constraint. To obtain exact shape sensitivity, the precise normal and curvature of geometry need to be determined using the level set and B-spline basis functions. Using topological derivative concept, the nucleation of holes for topological changes can be made whenever and wherever necessary during the optimization.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop a cycle-free signal timing model for minimizing delays based on Third-generation control concept using Genetic Algorithm. A special feature of this model is its ability to manage delays of turning movements on the cycle basis. The model produces a cycle-free based signal timing(cycles and green times) for each intersection to minimize delays of turning movements on the cycle basis. The performance of cycle-free signal timings was evaluated on normal (v/c = 0.7) and oversaturated (v/c=1.0) conditions. The performance measures are throughput and the number of queued vehicles at the end of green time. The result shows that the cycle free signal timing is superior to the fixed signal timing to manage traffic flows of intersections; (1) the proposed model accomplishes the basic objective of the research, producing cycle free signal timings on the cycle basis, (2) on normal conditions, cycle free signal timings produce less queued vehicles at the end of green time, and (3) on oversaturated conditions, the cycle free signal timing is superior to the fixed signal timing to manage saturated traffic flows of intersections.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1865-1875
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• 2018

Enhanced application of solid-state fermentation (SSF) in industrial production and the influence of SSF of Rhizopus K1 on glucoamylase productivity were analyzed using the flat band method. A growth model was implemented through SSF of Rhizopus K1 in this experiment, and spectrophotometric method was used to determine glucoamylase activity. Results showed that in bran and potato culture medium with 70% moisture in a loose state, ${\mu}$ of mycelium reached to $0.15h^{-1}$ after 45 h of culture in a thermostatic water bath incubator at $30^{\circ}C$. Under a low-magnification microscope, mycelial cells appeared uniform, bulky with numerous branches, and were not easily ruptured. The generated glucoamylase activity reached to 55 U/g (dry basis). This study has good utilization value for glucoamylase production by Rhizopus in SSF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.324-331
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• 2013

We investigated dietary effects of green tea powder (GTP) on plasma lipids, platelet aggregation, hemolysis, plasma TBARS, and liver enzymes. Thirty one volunteer diving women living on Jeju island consumed 4 g green tea powder daily for a period of four weeks and data for the study subjects were analyzed on the basis of diagnostic criteria for blood pressure (BP)(${\geq}$ 140/90 mmHg), plasma total cholesterol (TC)(${\geq}$ 200 mg/dL), and triglyceride (TG)(${\geq}$ 150mg/dL). Subjects with high BP had significantly higher TC and TG than those with normal BP. Subjects with higher TC had higher TG, and those with higher TG had lower HDL cholesterol. Platelet aggregation in the initial slope was significantly higher in subjects with normal BP, normal TC, or normal TG than their counterparts in high BP, TC, and TG. HDL cholesterol after GTP intake increased only in subject groups with normal BP, normal TC, or normal TG, and plasma TG after GTP intake decreased only in groups with higher BP, higher TG, or higher TC. Plasma TC and TG in subjects with normal BP increased after GTP intake. GTP intake caused a decrease in the initial slope of platelet aggregation in all subject groups with little effect on maximum aggregation. Total bilirubin showed a significant increase and GOT increased in all subject groups after GTP intake. Beneficial effects of short term intake of green tea powder might differ depending on the subject conditions in terms of blood pressure, plasma lipids, and other cardiovascular conditions. However, with the hypolipidemic, antithrombotic, and antioxidant actions of its bioactive flavonoids, long term usage of GTP or brewed green tea may provide preventive effects against cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.10
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• pp.1570-1579
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• 2019

The fungal products dibenzodioxocinones promise a novel class of inhibitors against cholesterol ester transfer protein (CEPT). Knowledge as to their biosynthesis is scarce. In this report, we characterized four more dibenzodioxocinones, which along with a previously described member pestalotiollide B, delimit the dominant spectrum of secondary metabolites in P. microspora. Through mRNA-seq profiling in $g{\alpha}1{\Delta}$, a process that halts the production of the dibenzodioxocinones, a gene cluster harboring 21 genes including a polyketide synthase, designated as pks8, was defined. Disruption of genes in the cluster led to loss of the compounds, concluding the anticipated role in the biosynthesis of the chemicals. The biosynthetic route to dibenzodioxocinones was temporarily speculated. This study reveals the genetic basis underlying the biosynthesis of dibenzodioxocinone in fungi, and may facilitate the practice for yield improvement in the drug development arena.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2005

During the recent decade, the new data about normal neurochemical system development have been accumulated very much. Based on these new data, the up-to-date theory and hypothesis have been developed. These development of this field results from the technological/methodological development which increase the sensitivity, specificity and validity of neurochemical research. Especially, molecular technological development support the recent neurochemical development. In this review article, the authors described the recent research findings in the field of normal neurochemical development of neurotransmitter system in animal and human. Most of child psychiatric disorder, especially neuropsychiatric developmental disorders (ADHD, Autism, Tourette's disorder, MR etc) seem to have underlying neurochemical developmental problems in the pathophysiological basis. So, the data on the normal ontogeny of neurotransmitter system can be the most valuable resources for the research on the etiology of the diverse child psychiatric disorders.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.577-582
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• 2007

A variational formulation for plane elasticity problems is derived based on an isogeometric approach. The isogeometric analysis is an emerging methodology such that the basis functions in analysis domain arc generated directly from NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) geometry. Thus. the solution space can be represented in terms of the same functions to represent the geometry. The coefficients of basis functions or the control variables play the role of degrees-of-freedom. Furthermore, due to h-. p-, and k-refinement schemes, the high order geometric features can be described exactly and easily without tedious re-meshing process. The isogeometric sensitivity analysis method enables us to analyze arbitrarily shaped structures without re-meshing. Also, it provides a precise construction method of finite element model to exactly represent geometry using B-spline base functions in CAD geometric modeling. To obtain precise shape sensitivity, the normal and curvature of boundary should be taken into account in the shape sensitivity expressions. However, in conventional finite element methods, the normal information is inaccurate and the curvature is generally missing due to the use of linear interpolation functions. A continuum-based adjoint sensitivity analysis method using the isogeometric approach is derived for the plane elasticity problems. The conventional shape optimization using the finite element method has some difficulties in the parameterization of boundary. In isogeometric analysis, however, the geometric properties arc already embedded in the B-spline shape functions and control points. The perturbation of control points in isogeometric analysis automatically results in shape changes. Using the conventional finite clement method, the inter-element continuity of the design space is not guaranteed so that the normal vector and curvature arc not accurate enough. On tile other hand, in isogeometric analysis, these values arc continuous over the whole design space so that accurate shape sensitivity can be obtained. Through numerical examples, the developed isogeometric sensitivity analysis method is verified to show excellent agreement with finite difference sensitivity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.255-261
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• 2002

A four-degree of freedom model is suggested to understand the basic dynamical behaviors of the normal interaction between two masses of the friction induced normal vibration system. The two masses may be considered as the pad and the disk of the brake. The phase space analysis is performed to understand complicated in-plane dynamics of the non-linear model. Attractors in the phase space are examined for various conditions of the parameters. In certain conditions, the attractor becomes a limit cycle showing the stick-slip phenomena. In this paper, on the basis of the in-plane motion not only the existence of the limit cycle but also the size of the limit cycle is examined o demonstrate the non-linear dynamics that leads the unstable state and then the normal vibration is investigated as the state of the in-plane motion For only one case of the system frequency(two masses with same natural frequencies), the propensity of the normal vibration is discussed in detail. The results show an important fact that it may be not effective when too much damping is present in the only one part of the masses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.335-337
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• 2002

The aim of this study was investigate the epileptogenic zone in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We evaluated the subtraction image of interictal SPECT from ictal SPECT coregistered to 3-dimensional (3D) MRI, and compared with the normal healthy SPECT using a SPM99. Forty-nine patients with TLE (M:F=28:21, mean age: 33${\pm}$2.1 years) underwent a pairs of ictal and interictal SPECT. We performed subtraction interictal SPECT from ictal SPECT in TLE patients. In addition, using SPM methods and t-statistics, SPECT images of the TLE patients were compared with normal healthy SPECT on a voxel by voxel basis. The voxels with a p-value of less than 0.05, 0.005, 0.001 were considered to be significantly different. The subtraction results by ictal and interictal SPECT coincided with the significant rCBF changes when compare of the normal healthy SPECT using a SPM99. The results suggested that analysis of difference of the two methods using healthy normal SPECT with SPM99 is useful tool in evaluation of seizure focus in epilepsy.