• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7-23
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• 2014

This study estimates unit for the nonpoint source(NPS), classified according to the existing Level-1(large scale) land cover map, by monitoring the measurement results from each Level-2(medium scale) land cover map, and verifies the applicability by comparison with previously calculated units using the Level-1 land cover map. The NPS pollutant loading for a basin is evaluated by applying the NPS pollutant unit to Dongcheon basin using the Level-2 land cover map. In addition, the BASINS/HSPF(Better Assessment Science Integrating point & Non-point Sources/Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran) model is used to evaluate the reliability of the NPS pollutant loading computation by comparing the loading during precipitation in the Dongcheon basin. The NPS pollutant unit for the Level-2 land cover map is computed based on precipitation measured by the Sangju observatory in the Nakdong River basin. Finally, the feasibility of the NPS pollutant loading computation using a BASINS/HSPF model is evaluated by comparing and analyzing the NPS pollutant loading when estimated unit using the Level-2 land cover map and simulated using the BASINS/HSPF models.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2013

In this study, we report the water quality characteristics of pollutants for 4 major tributaries in the Yeongsan and Sumjin river basins using statistical analysis, such as regression equation and factor analysis. The flow rate and water qualtiy data collected from 4 sampling sites(Hwangryoung A, Jiseok A, Chooryeong A, Osu A) in the Yeonsan and Sumjin river basin during the past 3 years were analyzed for 11 parameters(flow rate, dissolved oxgen, pH, water temperature, electric conductivity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen deman, total organic carbon, total nitorgen, total phosphorus, suspended solid). The results showed that the concentrations of BOD, COD, TOC, T-N, T-P in Hwangryoung A(HW) and Jiseok A(JS) of the Yeongsan river basin were decreased as the flow rate was increased. This means that rather than nonpoint soources, point sources affect water quality. In the cases of Chooryeong A(CR) and Osu A(OS) in the Sumjin river basin, howerever, nonpoint sources than point sources are an important factor that affects the water quality. Also, the factor analysis technique was employed to analyze principal component influencing on water quality. The results revealed that the first principal component in HW was correlated with EC, DO, T-N, water temperature. This "nitrogen influx according to seasonal pattern" factor may be interpreted. In JS, the first principal component was correlated with BOD, COD, TOC and is likely to represent "organic matter" processes. In CR and OS, BOD, COD, TOC, SS and T-P were significantly correlated and is considered as representing "Organic matter and adsorption of phosphorus on sediments influx". This study is expected to contribute to the effective pollution control/management of the surfac waters in the study sites.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2012

This study aims to develop the Masan bay special management system of the point and nonpoint sources of pollution using GIS as part of the Integrated Management System of the Masan Bay Special Management Area and utilize Total Pollution Loads Management System in Masan Bay more systematically and scientifically. The result of the pollution sources management at the Masan bay in conjunction with GIS was made possible the comparison of the source of pollution and the pollutant load among each administration area. It also developed Arc-GIS watershed management program which enables to estimate the population for discharge facilities, the water use of domestic population and commercial population, and pollutant load and discharge load of COD, TN and TP by the administration areas, years, and usages. In addition, this study anticipated minimizing temporal, economical efforts in utilizing large amounts of property and space utilization data and expediting the decision making process of policies in relation to the systematic and effective management system of pollutant loads at the Masan bay area. Further studies are required to plan the systematic management of the point and nonpoint sources of pollution and complement the watershed management system using GIS program for pollutant load which enables to predict the current and future state of point and nonpoint sources.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2014

Nonpoint pollution sources from agricultural activities are a major cause of water quality impairment. A nutrient management program utilizes farm practices that maintain efficient crop production systems and control agricultural nonpoint pollution sources. The objectives of present study were to identify appropriate best management practices (BMPs) according to changes of cropping system of main upland crop for reducing AGNPs loadings and to simulate the effects of the application of the several BMPs scenarios in Saemangeum watershed. The selected BMP scenarios were: 1) to convert naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch, 2) to convert red pepper to soybean crop, and 3) to combine two scenarios, converting naked barley and hulled barley to hairy vetch or chinese milk vetch + converting red pepper to soybean crop. As a result of BMPs application, the crop requirement of nitrogen and phosphorus for upland crop reduced nitrogen by 41% and phosphorus by 47% in scenario 1, whereas scenario 2 reduced nitrogen by 30% and phosphorus by 23%. Overall, scenario 3 reduced nitrogen by 72% and phosphorus by 70% in agricultural non-point pollution sources associated with chemical fertilizer and livestock manure in Saemangeum watershed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.377-380
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• 2002

Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from agricultural drainage and polluted stream waters using wetland and pond system was performed. The removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, TN, TP, and $Chl-{\alpha}$ was 52%, 90%, 56%, 59%, and 81%, respectively. Performance of the experimental system was compared with existing data base (NADB), and it was within the range of general system performance. Overall the water quality improvement was apparent in wetland and pond system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.587-590
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• 2003

Wetland systems are widely accepted natural water purification systems around the world in nonpoint sources pollution control. In this study, the field experiment to reduce nonpoint source pollution loadings from agricultural drainage and polluted stream waters using wetland and pond system was performed. The removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during growing season was 7.2%, 64.3%, 57.0%, and 60.3%, respectively. And removal rate of $BOD_5$, TSS, T-N and T-P during winter was -49.5%, -56.1 %, 30.5%, and 47.1%, respectively. In this study, pond-wetland system is more effective than wetland-pond system to remove nutrient.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.728-737
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• 2005

Water quality of the Hwanggujicheon is poor because of the rapid housing and development in the large area of the basin. Establishment of water quality management strategy, based on the pollution sources survey and pollutant loads estimation, has to be established for the preservation of the stream water quality of the region. In this study, waste load allocation model to achieve the water quality goal of the stream and the optimization of pollutant load reduction, was developed. Nonpoint pollutant loads calculated by runoff model in the previous study are utilized for pollutant loads estimation of the drainage areas in this study. From the application result of the allocation model, water quality goals of the Hwanggujicheon that can be achieved as a matter of fact are BOD 8 mg/L. To achieve these goals, 23% of effluent BOD loads have to be reduced in the basin.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.779-782
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• 2008

During the dry periods, many types of pollutant are accumulating on the paved surface by vehicle activities and accumulated various pollutants are inflowing to the near watershed areas for the rainfall periods. Also, the metals, toxic chemicals and sediments originated from bridges could be strongly influenced to the watershed areas during the runoff. The result shows that the EMC ranges for 95% confidence intervals in a bridge land use are $10.12\sim128.09mg/L$ for TSS, $6.07\sim21.15mg/L$ for BOD, $2.10\sim6.70mg/L$ for TN and $0.06\sim0.85mg/L$ for TP.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.23-31
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• 2006

The nonpoint pollutants are originated from various land uses. Of the landuses, the development means the changes of the soil cover and the increases of imperviousness rate, which will increase the nonpoint pollutant emissions during a storm. Therefore, the Ministry of Environment in Korea has programed TPLMS(Total Pollution Load Management System) for four major large rivers to improve the water quality in rivers by controling the total pollutant loadings from the watershed area. The study area was forest landuse before development plan, however it is now changing to the resort. Some of the forest areas will be changed to parking lots, roads and buildings. The paved areas are highly polluted landuses because of high pollutant accumulation rate by vehicle activities during dry periods. Therefore, this research is achieved to determine the changes of pollutant loading rate by development plan and to provide the best management practices for controlling nonpoint pollutants.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.120-128
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• 2001

Pollution sources and their environmental contributions were investigated to select the best management practices for the effective control of water quality. The nitrogen isotope mass ratio was determined to estimate the nitrate sources and their contribution. Sampling sites were chosen by calculating effluent loads at each watershed. Two liters each of the surface water samples were collected from four sites at Bokha river and two sites and Gwanri river. They were sequentially prepared through distillation method and analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer(IsoPrime EA). As revealed by the experimental values obtained the mass ratio values ($\delta$$^{5}$ N) of watersheds with a large amount of nonpoint sources were less than +5 an indication that the samples were influenced by chemical fertilizers. However watersheds with large amount of point sources were influenced not only by chemical fertilizers but also by animal and municipal wastes. The mass ratio values of samples generally decreased during rainy days. But during dry days the mass ratio values well-reflected the nitrate sources and the condition of watersheds. Through this study the nitrogen isotope mass ratio has been found to be useful for estimating nitrate sources and their contribution to the rural watersheds.