• KIEAE Journal
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2008

Recently, there has been growing interest in barrier-free design which makes safe and convenient space for every pedestrian, not only the non-disabled but also the disabled. The purpose of this study is to suggest the data on the pavement materials of barrier-free pedestrian environment in view of universal design. In order to this, the research is focused on evaluating the visual preference and preference factors for pavement scenery, which can be changed by pavement materials. And this research is also comparing the visual preference and preference factors of the disabled with that of the non-disabled. A multi-regression analysis method is adopted to analyse the correlation between the visual preference for pavement scenery and preference factors in this study. The result of this analysis is as follows. Firstly, there are some differences of visual preference for the pavement material between the disabled and the non-disabled. Secondly, independent variables influencing on preference are similar between two groups. Thirdly, there are some differences in the priority of preference between the disabled and the non-disabled. This study will contribute to the field of barrier-free design and sustainable development projects in order to maximize the human being's satisfaction.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate interaction patterns and characteristics of small group discussions during elementary school science classes. Four heterogeneous groups were formed according to preferences and non-preferences, consisting of male and female students. Verbal interactions during small group discussions were audio and videotaped, transcribed and analyzed. The interaction frequency of each group was compared in terms of their cognitive and affective aspects. The results in terms of the cognitive aspect showed that there were no significant differences in the frequency of interaction between preference and non-preference groups' verbal behaviors. However, the quality of interaction was superior and the number of high level types of interaction were more frequent in the preference group. From the affective perspective, both groups of students exhibited a positive attitude in the preference group and a negative attitude in the non-preference group. The differences of interaction between the male and female student's groups were that in the case of the female group, the frequency and the quality of interaction was higher. Moreover, in contrast to male students, female students revealed satisfaction and favorable attitudes in their non-preference group because they felt more a acceptable atmosphere and attitude in that group. These results suggest that the interactions of the preference group are more interactive and elaborate in nature than those of the non-preference group.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.205-214
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• 2012

This study investigated whether there were statistical differences in the three categories of cosmetics brand preference- brand preference, gift brand preference, and preference for purchasing expensive cosmetics by the consumers' residence. For the data analysis, the types of cosmetics include basic and color, the cosmetics brands include domestic and imported cosmetics. The consumers' residence include metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. The study collected the data from 477 surveys from adult women ranging from the age groups of 20s to 50s and above in 2011. Using SPSS Version 18.0 the data was analyzed by Frequency analysis, t-test. The study results were as follow: There were significant differences in the three patterns of cosmetics brand preference depending on the consumers' residence. The three patterns of preferences were in the similar trends. The results revealed while the non-metropolitan residents showed a higher level for the domestic brands, a lower level in the three categories of preferences for imported brands compared to their metropolitan counterparts in both types of basic and color. In contrast, compared to the non-metropolitan counterparts, the metropolitan residents showed a lower level of preferences in all of the three categories of cosmetics brand preference for domestic in both types of basic and color.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.399-409
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference of image for modern application of Korean traditional patterns. A survey was conducted using the random selection among female undergraduate students in Daegu city. The degree of interest and preference in Korean traditional style or something like that measured by 5 scale method. And then they were classified into two groups which were interest/non-interest group, and preference/non-preference group. The image of Korean traditional patterns consisted of semantic differential scales. Frequency, percentage and mean were analyzed, for difference of groups t-test was analyzed. The results were as fellows; 1. For the degree of interest for Korean traditional patterns, it was showed that 53.8% of total respondents took interest and about 40.4% of them had preference for traditional patterns. the correlation coefficient of the degree of interest and preference was 0.782(p<0.01) and showed that the positive correlation was high. 2. Among 20 kinds of Korean traditional patterns, the degree of preference for the patterns of plants and nature was quite high whereas that for the patterns of geometrical things was low relatively. 3. It was evaluated that pattern of nature was fresh, refined and womanly image generally. It was evaluated that pattern of plants was womanly, fresh, weak, light and soft image and that of animals was heavy, splendid, high-class, manly, strong and positive image. It was evaluated that pattern of geometrical things was the most refined image and high-class, rigid and strong. 4. The statistical significance of mean between interest/non-interest group was showed statistically in the patterns of clouds, mountains, lotus, apricot, orchid, dragon, phoenix and bogey. In case of pattern of orchids, the degree of preference was most different between interest/non-interest group. 5. The pattern of plants showed the most different evaluation for images between interest/non-interest group. For refined/old-fashioned polar adjective images, the interest group evaluated the pattern of plants more refined. 6. For pattern of orchids, the difference of degree of preference between preference/non-preference group was most remarkable in Korean traditional patterns. 7. The pattern of geometrical things showed the most different evaluation for images between preference/non-preference group. For warm/cool polar adjective images, the preference group evaluated the pattern of geometrical things cooler.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.21-35
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the preference of image for modern application of Korean traditional patterns. A survey was conducted using the randomly selected 292 undergraduate women students of Taegu city. The degree of interest and preference in Korean traditional style or something like that had measured by 5 scale method. And then they had two groups which are interest/non-interest group, and preference/non-preference group in Korean traditional style. Also, preference of Korean traditional patterns was measured by 5 scale method. The image of Korean traditional patterns consisted of semantic differential scales. Analysis was by frequency, percentage, and mean. For difference of groups analysis was by t-test. The results were as follows:1. For the survey, 53.8% showed the interest and 40.4% did the preference for the traditional patterns. There was the positive correlation(0.782) between the degree of the interest and preference. 2. Among twenty traditional patterns, the patterns of plants and nature were very preferred, but the patterns of geometrical things was not preferred. 3. For the nature pattern, the image seemed to be elegant and feminine(womanly). For the plant pattern, the image seemed to be feminine, neat, weak, light and mild. For the animal pattern, the image seemed to be heavy, gorgeous, deluxe, virile(manly), strong and active. Last, for the geometrical pattern, the image seemed to be elegant, deluxe, rigid and strong. 4. Between the interest／non­interest groups, there was the significant difference in pattern of cloud, mountain, lotus flower, plum blossoms, orchid, dragon, chinese phoenix and bogy. Especially, for the orchid pattern, the preference difference between these groups was large. 5. For the plant pattern, the image difference between these groups was very large as the elegant-rustic image. Especially, the interest group evaluated as the elegant image. 6. Between the preference／non­preference groups, there was the strongly significant difference in the preference for the orchid pattern. 7. For the geometrical pattern, the image difference between these groups was very large as the mild­cold image. Especially, the preference groups evaluated as the cold image.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.5-15
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• 2013

Purpose - With the increase in fervor to purchase luxury brands, new social problems have arisen, such as excessive preoccupation with luxury brands and high preference for forged luxury goods. Therefore, the issues related to luxury brands, termed "Luxury Syndrome," have emerged as an area of great interest for researchers and practitioners. However, previous studies neglect to categorize this preference for luxury brands. Therefore, this study aims to identify the different purchasing behaviors of consumers using the types of luxury brands preferences as parameters. Research design, data, and methodology - This study arranges a causal relationship model assuming that purchase behaviors positively (+) affect typified preference for luxury brands and purchase intentions. We administered a questionnaire survey to the purchasers who bought luxury brands from department stores to secure additional data necessary to verify the hypotheses in this study. We then processed the data using SPSS 19.0. We further analyzed the basic data using frequency and descriptive statistical analysis, and verified the measurement tools through feasibility and reliability analyses. Moreover, this study uses multiple regression analysis to verify the hypotheses. Further, this study tests the path effect between luxury brand purchase attitude and purchase behavior, with non-intrinsic preference and intrinsic preference as the mediating variables. Results - Based on the results, the impact of tendencies of conspicuous consumption and self-monitoring on non-intrinsic preference was significantly positive (+), while the impact of tendencies of pursuit of a reference group, conspicuous consumption, and self-monitoring on intrinsic preference and purchase intentions was significantly positive (+). Further, non-intrinsic and intrinsic preferences positively (+) influence purchase intentions and the impact of non-intrinsic preference took an absolute portion. However, the tendency of dependence on brands negatively (-) impacts purchase intentions. The results showed that self-monitoring and conspicuous consumption tendencies have greater effect on purchase intention, which is mediated by non-intrinsic preference. In contrast, reference group following tendency has a greater effect on purchase intention, which is mediated by intrinsic preference. Conclusions - Based on the results, the study verifies that the consumption of luxury brands in Korea has not yet entered the settling period. The tendency for conspicuous consumption and the tendency for pursuit of the reference group were relatively important aspects for the consumers who prefer luxury brands non-intrinsically and intrinsically, respectively. Especially, it was found that the purchase intentions for forged brands originate from the tendency to depend on brands. Based on these findings, this study suggests the measures to develop and mature the luxury brands market, and reinforce marketing performance at the three levels, that is, government, distributors, and manufacturers. The luxury brands manufacturers should devote themselves to the production and design of products to catch the attention of mature consumers of luxury brands. The luxury brands distributors should then raise the level of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) for opinion leaders. Finally, the Government should prepare effective policies for the development of luxury brands and provide a variety of economic support.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.481-496
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• 2012

Purpose: This paper aims at improving inefficiency of an existing posterior preference articulation method proposed for dual response surface optimization. The method generates a set of non-dominated solutions and then allows a decision maker (DM) to select the best solution among them through an interval selection strategy. Methods: This paper proposes an iterative posterior preference articulation method, which repeatedly generates the predetermined number of non-dominated solutions in an interval which becomes gradually narrower over rounds. Results: The existing method generates a good number of non-dominated solutions not used in the DM's selection process, while the proposed method generates the minimal number of non-dominated solutions necessitated in the selection process. Conclusion: The proposed method enables a satisfactory compromise solution to be achieved with minimal cognitive burden of the DM as well as with light computation load in generating non-dominated solutions.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.797-810
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• 2023

The shape of the male beard to be examined in this study was set as a mustache. This study used frequency analysis and cross-tab analysis to conduct T-test and one-way variance analysis using 300 final responses from the questionnaire that presented preference and non-preference reasons and demographic characteristics along with preference and non-preference options to measure the likability of whiskers. As a result of the study, there were differences in men's preference and non-preference for each beard formulation, and the level of difference was statistically significant between the male and female groups and the age group. In addition, it was found that each group category showed a difference in the reasons for judging likes/dislikes by beard form. There are differences in preference and non-preference according to men's beard formations, and it was confirmed that there are various differences according to perceptual characteristics in the main reasons for favorability and dislike, which are the basis for judgment. Through these results, academic and practical implications were presented in the field of beauty.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.658-665
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• 2015

This study was conducted to provide desirable way on the eating of sugar foods, specifically the differences between dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency. Data was collected from 279 middle students in the Incheon region through a self-administered questionnaire. According to the results of the reliability and factor analysis, the dietary attitude, dietary behaviors and intake frequency was 3.52, 2.89 and 2.51, with a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.867, 0.789, 0.940 and KMO of 0.899. Factor analysis extracted three components of the sugar preference, which we named dietary attitude (factor 1), dietary behaviors (factor 2), and intake frequency (factor 3). The dietary attitude and dietary behaviors showed a significant difference between sugar preference and non-preference (p < 0.05). Also, intake frequency of sugar food showed a significant differences in chocolate, chocolate products, and ice cream between sugar preference and non-preference (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found in cake, bread kinds, juice, sweetness milk, yogurt between sugar preference and non-preference (p > 0.05). A significant positive result of intake frequency of sugar food (p < 0.05) was shown for the dietary attitude, BMI, weight, and monthly pocket money. Based on this study, the reduction of sugar intake is needed especially for middle students.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.189-201
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• 2004

Objective: In oriental medicine, development of new formulations has been demanded. But, there are few reports about the improvement of formulations of herbal medicine in Korea. Nowadays soft Ex has been exploited and used comparing with retort pouch. This study was designed to study on preference on TongBiEum(通痺飮)/GunYoEum(健腰飮) and to investigate which OMD(oriental medical doctor) and non-OMD prefer soft Ex or retort pouch. Methods: As pilot study we administerd TongBiEum(通痺飮) once to 30 persons who serviced Gumi Oriental Medical hospital, Daegu Haany University from April 1, 2003 to April 10, 2003. And then we administerd GunYoEum(健腰飮) once to final test group(73 persons) who serviced Daegu, Gumi, Pohang Oriental Medical hospital, Daegu Haany University from April 20, 2003 to May 10, 2003. We made up questionaires about feeling during and after taking medicine, convenience and preference ect. Results: Convenience and preference of soft Ex is significantly different between OMD and non-OMD and in age bracket, but there is no significance between men and women group. Portable state of soft Ex is very convenient, dose of soft Ex is a little amount, color of soft Ex is regular in OMD & non-OMD, men & Women and an age bracket. Conclusions: From above study it was revealed that preference of herbal medicine formulations was significantly different between OMD and non-OMD. So development of new herbal medicine formulations is needed for consumers such as non-OMD.