• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Objective : This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in the levels of neurotransmitters and cortisol in patients with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to evaluate their correlation with symptoms after long-term pharmacological treatment. Methods : Twenty-eight Vietnam veterans with chronic PTSD and 34 non-PTSD patients were consecutively recruited. The Combat Exposure Scale (CES), Mississippi Scale for Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (M-PTSD), Clinician Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS) were used to evaluate symptom severity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to measure the plasma levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) was performed to evaluate the plasma level of cortisol. Results : Plasma cortisol was significantly lower in PTSD patients than in control subjects, while there was no significant difference in plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine between the two groups. The scores of M-PTSD, CAPS, HAMD and HAMA were signigicantly higher in PTSD patients than control group. Conclusion : After long-term treatment, the levels of neurotransmitters in PTSD patients returned to within the normal range, and the patients' symptoms showed some improvement. However, the core symptoms of PTSD continued to appear intermittently, and they are thought to be associated with hormonal systems, such as the HPA axis. It is also suggested that PTSD should be considered to be a complex disorder associated with multiple systems and that combinations of the effective medications for each system should be used to treat patients with PTSD.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2021

Objective : Yukgunja-tang is one of the herbal prescriptions widely used for functional indigestion. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological effect through the Yukgunja-tang formulation development. Methods : The RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with Yukgunja-tang tablet (YGJT-T : 50, 100 and 200 ㎍/㎖) and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS : 500 ng/㎖). Cell viability, inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were measured. Also, ICR mice induced acute gastritis by oral administration of 150 mM HCl in 60% ethanol. The YGJT-T (30 mg/kg) was pretreated for 3 days, and 150 mM HCl in 60% ethanol was orally administered 1 hour after the last drug treatment. Mice were sacrificed 1 hour after oral administration of 150 mM HCl in 60% ethanol. The gastric mucosa was observed, and inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue were measured. Results : The marker components of YGJT-T were determined by simultaneous analysis using HPLC. In RAW 264.7 cells, pretreatment of YGJT-T was non-toxic and inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. In addition, pretreatment of YGJT-T improved bleeding and edema due to gastric lesions caused by acute gastritis and suppressed inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion : In summary, our results confirmed that treatment with YGJT-T has anti-inflammatory and anti-gastritis effects in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, YGJT-T could support a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of gastritis.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2006

불면증은 다양한 신체적, 정신적 원인에 의해 생기는데, 특히 과잉각성은 불면증에 중요한 영향을 미친다고 알려져 있다. 불면증 환자에서 약물치료에 한계가 있으며 심리적 요인이 불면증의 발생과 경과에 큰 영향을 미친다는 사실이 알려지면서, 여러 가지 비약물치료적 방법이 도입되었다. 바이오피드백을 포함한 비약물치료는 불면증 치료에 효과적이며 치료 효과도 오래 유지되는 것으로 보고되었다. 바이오피드백은 이완요법과 함께 사용 시 불면증 환자의 각성 수준을 낮춰 수면의 시작 및 유지에 도움이 되므로, 각성 수준이 높거나 약물 사용에 제한이 따르는 불면증 환자에게 매우 유용할 수 있다.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

섬망은 일반 의학 상태와는 독립적으로 입원 기간 및 사망율을 증가시켜 환자의 전반적 예후에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 다양한 내, 외과적 치료 환경에서 보고된 섬망의 발생 빈도는 15~70%로 알려졌으며, 정신신체 의학적 중재가 요구되는 흔한 정신과 의뢰 사유 중 하나이다. 섬망의 치료는 1) 위험 인자와 촉발 요인의 확인, 2) 지남력 회복 및 기능 유지를 위한 적절한 치료 환경의 구성과 환자 가족 및 치료진에 대한 교육을 제공하는 비약물적 중재, 그리고 3) 심한 초조, 환각, 그리고 행동 상의 문제 등을 조절하기 위한 약물학적 중재로 구분될 수 있다. 본고를 통해, 섬망에 대한 정신신체의학적 중재의 전반에 대해 기술하고 실제 임상에서 섬망치료 시에 흔히 접하게 되는 문제에 대해서도 논의하고자 한다.

• 대한장애인치과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.45-49
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• 2016

This study investigates the success rate of pulpotomy using electrosurgery operated on a primary molar in caries. The pulpotomy using electrosurgery was done on 253 primary molars of 111 young patients from 2 to 9 years old during the period of the first day of January 2011 to the last day of December 2015. After the amputation of pulp and hemostasis of primary molar were done using electrosurgery, MTA as pulp capping material was applied to the primary molar and the tooth was restored with the stainless steel crown. The follow up period after the treatment ranged from 4-46 months. The clinical and radiographic success rate ranged from 92.1 - 94.3%. Which is comparable to formocresol and ferric sulfate pulpotomy. Due to its non-pharmacological characteristic, electrosurgery can minimize harmful effect on the pulp tissue. Its fast bleeding control makes it easy and safe to use in pediatric and disabled patients in comparatively simple manner. Electrosurgery can be an alternative for pulp therapy considering the side effects of pharmacological ways.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2012

A vasovagal reaction is defined as the 'development of hypotension and bradycardia associated with the typical clinical manifestations of pallor, sweating and weakness'. The most profound degree of vasovagal reaction results in fainting or syncope. Incidence of vasovagal reactions in the local anesthetic department of a dental hospital is around 2%. The pathophysiology of the hypotension/bradycardia reflex responsible for vasovagal syncope is not completely understood. Central as well as peripheral mechanisms have been implicated in its pathogenesis: however their relative contribution is not fully elucidated. Recently, trigeminocardiac reflex, previously known as oculocardiac reflex, may serve as syncope. The management of vasovagal syncope is evolving. Non-pharmacological treatment options are a fundamental first step of all treatment pathways. In this article, we would like to review new mechanism of vasovagal syncope and hope to be of help to manage the syncopal patients.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2022

As the incidence of skin cancer increases every year, non-surgical treatment methods for cancer are being sought. Esculetin, a natural dihydroxy coumarin, is attracting attention as a therapeutic agent for certain diseases, such as cancer, based on its broad pharmacological activity. In this study, the anticancer ability of esculetin was evaluated using the epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431. As a result of evaluating the apoptosis ability of esculetin by MTT assay, apoptosis was observed in a time-concentration-dependent manner regardless of the presence or absence of FBS. As a result of quantitative real-time PCR, esculetin reduced cyclin D1 mRNA in a time-concentration-dependent manner. In addition, as a result of western blotting, esculetin significantly inhibited phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and p38 in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of this study suggest that esculetin has the potential to be used as an effective natural medicine for the treatment of skin cancer.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.295-313
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• 2023

Objectives : While treatments for cancer are advancing, the development of effective treatments for cancer metastasis, the main cause of cancer patient death, remains insufficient. Recent studies on Dichroae Radix have revealed that its active ingredients have the potential to inhibit cancer metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the cancer metastasis inhibitory effect of Dichroae Radix using network pharmacological analysis. Methods : The active compounds of Dichroae Radix have been identified using Traditional Chinese Medicine System Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform. The UniProt database was used to collect each of information of all target proteins associated with the active compounds. To find the bio-metabolic processes associated with each target, the DAVID6.8 Gene Functional classifier tool was used. Compound-Target and Target-Pathway networks were analyzed via Cytoscape 3.40. Results : In total, 25 active compounds and their 62 non-redundant targets were selected through the TCMSP database and analysis platform. The target genes underwent gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis. The gene list applied to the gene ontology analysis revealed associations with various biological processes, including signal transduction, chemical synaptic transmission, G-protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways, response to xenobiotic stimulus, and response to drugs, among others. A total of eleven genes, including HSP90AB1, CALM1, F2, AR, PAKACA, PTGS2, NOS2, RXRA, ESR1, ESR2, and NCOA1, were found to be associated with biological pathways related to cancer metastasis. Furthermore, nineteen of the active compounds from Dichroae Radix were confirmed to interact with these genes. Conclusions : The results provide valuable insights into the mechanism of action and molecular targets of Dichroae Radix. Notably, Berberine, the main active ingredient of Dichroae Radix, plays a significant role in degrading AR proteins in advanced prostate cancer. Further studies and validations can provide crucial data to advance cancer metastasis prevention and treatment strategies.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.261-274
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• 2016

Objectives: To determine the general characteristics of clinical studies about Hwabyung and assess their limitations and alternatives. Methods: Clinical studies that examined the effects of traditional Korean medicine intervention on Hwabyung were included in this study. A systematic search of English, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean databases was performed. The characteristics of included articles were described and those articles were assessed by Risk of Bias (RoB) tool or Risk of Bias for Nonrandomized Studies (RoBANS) tool. Results: Sixteen articles were selected from 1,826 articles. Most clinical studies about Hwabyung were published in Korea. The number of conducted trials was insufficient. The prevailing study design was randomized controlled trial. Traditional Korean medicine intervention used in the trials were acupuncture, herbal medicine, counselling, meditation, emotional freedom technique (EFT), music therapy, art therapy, and multi intervention program. Herbal medicine study used placebo as control while non-pharmacological intervention study mostly used no treatment as control. Most of the trials were supported by the government. Therefore, financial conflict of interest might not exist for results. We judged that some studies had a high risk of bias. In general, most of the studies with a high risk of bias were non-pharmacological intervention studies, and the risk of bias was mainly due to lack of blinding. Conclusions: More clinical studies of Hwabyung are needed. There are some issues about a suitable comparison and effective blinding strategy for non-pharmacological study. Improving methodological quality is required.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.270-284
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• 2016

본 연구는 현상학적 방법을 적용하여 유방암 생존자들의 비약물적 추후 관리 경험에 대한 본질적 구조와 의미에 대해 심도 있게 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이번 연구에서 총 참여자는 10명으로 S시 E병원 외래에 정기적으로 내원하는 유방암 생존자로 수술, 화학요법, 방사선요법을 완료한 자들이었다. 자료수집 기간은 2014년 8월부터 2015년 2월까지로 수집된 자료는 심층면담 후 Colaizzi의 방법 적용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 7개의 주제와 16개의 하위범주가 도출되었다. 7개의 주제는 '1. 증상을 완화하기 위해 용이한 방법을 적용함, 2. 변화된 신체 상태를 위해 움직이려 함, 3. 재발 방지를 위해 특정 식용 작물을 섭취함, 4. 건강을 유지하기 위한 식생활 양식이 있음, 5. 보완대체요법에 대해 항상 예의주시함, 6. 주치의 처방외 필요한 치료가 있음, 7. 자연친화적인 환경에서의 삶을 지향함' 이었다. 이번 연구는 유방암 생존자들이 치료 후에 일상생활에서 어떻게 추후관리를 하는지 심도있게 파악하는 데 도움을 줄 것이다. 나아가 본 결과는 향후 유방암 생존자들에게 실제 관리 양식에 근거한 실행 가능한 지침과 프로그램을 제공하는데 있어 기초자료로써 제공될 것이다.