• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.37-62
• /
• 2007

The current study examines the role of post-lexical tonal patterns of a prosodic phrase in word segmentation. In a word spotting experiment, native Korean listeners were asked to spot a disyllabic or trisyllabic word from twelve syllable speech stream that was composed of three Accentual Phrases (AP). Words occurred with various post-lexical intonation patterns. The results showed that listeners spotted more words in phrase-initial than in phrase-medial position, suggesting that the AP-final H tone from the preceding AP helped listeners to segment the phrase-initial word in the target AP. Results also showed that listeners' error rates were significantly lower when words occurred with initial rising tonal pattern, which is the most frequent intonational pattern imposed upon multisyllabic words in Korean, than with non-rising patterns. This result was observed both in AP-initial and in AP-medial positions, regardless of the frequency and legality of overall AP tonal patterns. Tonal cues other than initial rising tone did not positively influence the error rate. These results not only indicate that rising tone in AP-initial and AP_final position is a reliable cue for word boundary detection for Korean listeners, but further suggest that phrasal intonation contours serve as a possible word boundary cue in languages without lexical prominence.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.482-489
• /
• 2014

본 연구는 중국인 학습자의 한국어 파열음 (/ㄲㄱㅋㄸㄷㅌㅃㅂㅍ/) 발음의 VOT값이 (1) 한국에 거주하며 한국어를 배운 기간에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 (2) 유의미 단어와 무의미 단어에 따라 달라지는지 (3) 한국인의 이해도와 연관이 있는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다, 본 연구를 위하여 18명의 중국인 화자들의 한국어 파열음 발음은 음성프로그램으로 분석되었고, 이후 중국인 화자가 발화한 파열음을 한국인 화자가 인지 가능한지 평가하여 이 결과와 VOT값을 비교하여 보았다. 본 실험에 참여한 중국인 화자들의 한국어 VOT값의 평균을 보면, 경음은 한국인 화자들의 VOT값과 큰 차이가 없었으나, 모국어의 영향으로 평음은 한국인 보다 더 짧아, 경음에 가깝게 발음한다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 격음의 VOT도 한국인 보다 더 짧다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 한국에 거주한 시기와 중국어 화자의 한국어 파열음 VOT값의 관계에서는, 중국인 화자의 한국어 발음은 거주 기간이 길어지고 한국어 학습양이 많아져도 쉽게 수정되지 않는 것으로 나타났으며 유의미 단어와 무의미 단어의 차이도 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
• /
• pp.574-575
• /
• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 한국어 평음과 기음 대조에 초점을 맞춘 지각 훈련을 통해 한국어 학습자들이 L2 폐쇄음을 대조하는 음향 신호의 지각 가중치를 모국어 값의 방향으로 개선하는지 고찰하였다. 중국어가 모국어인 한국어 학습자 19명과 지각 훈련을 진행한 한국어가 모국어인 교사 2명이 실험에 참가하였다. 사전 테스트 결과에 따라 훈련 집단과 비훈련 집단으로 나누었고, 훈련 집단만 5일 동안 지각 훈련을 진행하였다. 폐쇄음 신호의 지각 가중치를 추정하기 위해 음향 신호를 체계적으로 조작한 자극으로 사전 및 사후 테스트를 시행했다. 개별 학습자들의 테스트 결과에 대해 이분형 로지스틱 회귀 분석을 시행해, 말소리 대조를 지각하는 데에 해당 음향 신호를 사용한 가중치를 추정하는 지각 β 계수 값을 계산하였다. 두 폐쇄음을 구별하는 주요 신호인 F0의 지각 계수에 대해, 훈련 집단은 사전 테스트 대비 사후 테스트에서 평균 0.451의 통계적으로 유의미한 증가를 보인 반면 비훈련 집단은 유의미하지 않은 0.246의 증가를 나타냈다. 그러나 지각 훈련 후 F0 사용의 변화 패턴이 개별 학습자들 간에 다양하게 나타났다.

• 대한음성학회지:말소리
• /
• 제38호
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 1999

The aim of this paper is to measure the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k] and 'haneruon' [m/n] produced by Korean and Japanese native speakers. It was shown that in the case of Korean speakers, the duration of geminate of 'sokuon' was 1.5 times longer than that of a single consonant, whereas in the case of Japanese speakers, it was 2 times longer. The difference between Korean and Japanese prosodic structures appears to affect the perception and acquisition of a foreign rhythmic patternm non-existent in the speaker's native tongue. The duration of geminate of [s] was 2 times as long as a single consonant in both Korean and Japanese speakers' production. On the average, the duration of Japanese 'sokuon' [t/k/s] was 1.7 times longer than that of a single consonant in Korean speakers' pronunciation, whereas 2 times longer in Japanese speakers' pronunciation. The production of 'haneruon' by either Korean or Japanese speakers yielded a similar result to 'sokoun': 1) geminates lasted longer than a single consonant; 2) single [m] is longer than single [n]: 3) geminate of [n] is 3 times as long as single [n], whereas geminate of [m] is 2 times as long as single [m].

• 말소리와 음성과학
• /
• 제3권4호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2011

Recent studies on English $L^*$ (low pitch accent) have revealed the difference of changes in acoustic manifestation between utterances produced by Koreans and those produced by native speakers of English. However, not much effort has been made to compare $L^*$ focused constituents and non-focused constituents. At the same time, most previous works on focus realization are lacking in terms of normalization of acoustic measurement. Therefore, this research is dedicated to comparing the $L^*$ focused items and non-focused items realized by Koreans and Americans and to examining the realization of English $L^*$ produced by the two language groups with improved normalization of the acoustic features (F0, intensity and duration). Within-group analysis comparing focused words and non-focused words showed both Americans and Koreans prolonged the $L^*$ focused syllables but the effect size of syllable lengthening made by Koreans was far less than that made by Americans. Furthermore, significant F0 lowering was found in Americans but not in Koreans. However, the effect of intensity change caused by $L^*$ focus was not significant within each group. The effect of focused words was tested between the two groups revealing that Koreans implemented English $L^*$ focus with higher F0, lower intensity and shorter duration than Americans. In the instances in which a significant Group x Focus Location (initial, middle and final of a sentence) interaction was found, further analysis testing the effect of Group on each Focus Location was conducted. The testing showed that the Koreans produced shorter syllables at initial and middle of a sentence and higher F0 at initial of a sentence than Americans. Implications for the intonation training were also discussed.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 영어를 모국어로 사용하지 않는 사람들에 대한 영어 관사 오류에 관한 연구로서, 우리나라와 같은 관사 체계가 없는 상황의 영어학습자들에게는 제2 언어(L2)인 영어 관사 체계를 습득하는 데에는 상당한 시간뿐 만 아니라 수많은 시행착오와 오류를 겪게 되어 영어학습자들은 관사를 정확하게 사용하는데 더욱 어려움을 겪게 된다. 그러나 영어 관사 체계 습득에 있어 학습자가 초보에서 고급 단계에 이르는 동안 겪게 되는 수많은 오류와 실수가 무수히 반복하는 것처럼 보이지만, 사실 학습자는 자기 나름대로 외국어에 대한 언어 체계를 구축하는 과정이라 한다. 학습자의 발화에서 발생하는 관사 오류를 분석함으로써 어떤 오류가 얼마나 빈번하게 발생하게 되는지 또한 그러한 오류가 단순히 모국어의 영향에서 비롯된 것인지 아니면 모국어와 영어 사이에 나타나는 전이 현상 때문인지에 관한 연구 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 연구에 참여한 학습자들의 영작문을 분석한 결과, 영어학습자들은 특히 정관사(the)와 부정관사(a/an)의 사용에서 많은 오류를 보이는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 이러한 분석 결과 통해서 영어학습자들을 대상으로 영어 글쓰기를 지도할 때는 무관사(zero) 보다는 정관사(the)나 부정관사(a/an)에 대한 교육에 더욱 초점을 맞추어진 지도가 매우 필요하다.