• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.186-193
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• 2019

Background: Astringent persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Kojongsi) peels are by-products of dried persimmons. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of Kojongsi persimmon peel (KPP) extracts prepared by 15 different extraction methods: 5 heating durations (0.5 - 2.5 h) at 3 heating temperatures (50, 70, and $90^{\circ}C$). Methods and Results: An increase in heating temperature increased the antioxidant effect of KPP extracts. Those prepared by heating at 1 h had the highest total phenol content, regardless of the heating temperature. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and cell-protective effects against $H_2O_2-induced$ oxidative stress were dependent on the total phenol contents of the extract. However, the KPP-induced increased in catalase expression was dependent on heating temperature and duration. Conclusions: These results suggest that extraction by heating at $90^{\circ}C$ for 1 h may enhance KPP's antioxidant effects, which mainly involve non-enzymatic antioxidant systems.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2017

Seasonal occurrence of persimmon bark borer moth, Euzophera batangensis, and attractiveness of its sex pheromone gland components and trap types were studied at sweet (non-astringent) persimmon orchards of two southern provinces of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollanam-do, Korea, from 2014 to 2016. E. batangensis occurred three times a year. Occurrences of the moths of the over-wintered, the $1^{st}$ and the $2^{nd}$ generations were early April to late May, early June to late July, and early August to mid October, respectively. The (Z9,E12)-tetradeca-9,12-dien-1-ol (Z9,E12-14OH) was more attractive than (Z)-tetradec-9-en-1-ol (Z9-14OH). The Z9,E12-14OH was equally attractive to the 9:1 binary mixture of Z9,E12-14OH and Z9-14OH to the male moths. The three trap types of funnel, white and red delta traps had no effect on the attractiveness of the components.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2016

Systematic and efficient forestry management is required because of the long-term low profitability of timber production and forest products. In this situation, non-timber forest products can be the solution to secure stable sources of income for workers in the forestry field. However, the existing studies for non-timber forest products focus on effective production and economic analysis and provide plans for increasing the income and improving the marketing system. Therefore, this research intends to analyze the spatial distribution as well as quantitative concentration of non-timber forest production. To achieve this goal, this study examined the regional concentration and dispersion of non-timber forest production in 2001, 2007, and 2014 using the coefficient of localization(CL) and location quotient(LQ) and investigated the change in spatial distribution using spatial statistics. The production of chestnuts generally showed a concentrated pattern in 2014 based on the outputs of the CL and LQ, but the result of spatial autocorrelation indicated a decrease in the spatial concentration. In addition, astringent persimmon showed more concentration from the output of CL than oak mushroom, but Moran's I suggests the opposite. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the spatial distribution to understand and improve the marketing system and intensify the production of forest products.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.269-273
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• 2007

Freezing hardiness of winter bud and branch according to dormancy level and low temperature, in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) cultivars, was investigated by electrolyte leaching rate, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) test, and sprouting. Electrolyte leaching rate was lowest in branch of 20th January and was highest in the 20th March. The electrolyte leaching rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Cheongdobansi' was high in the 20th January and was low in the 20th February, but 'Uenishiwase' and 'Nishimurawase' was opposed to that. 'Hachiva' was the middle level in the cultivars. Absence rate by TTC test was highest in the 20th January and was low in the others. The 20th March had a great decrease in $-10^{\circ}C$ treatment. The absence rate of 'Fuyu' and 'Uenishiwase' was low in the 20th January and March and was high in the 20th February. 'Nishimurawase' and 'Hachiya' had a high level irrespective of dormancy level. Sprouting was highest in the 20th February and was lowest in 20th March. Most cultivars were not sprout in $-20^{\circ}C$ treatment and 'Fuyu', 'Nishimurawase' and 'Cheongdobansi' was a little high level irrespective of dormancy level. 'Hachiya' was only high in the 20th January. Thus, freezing hardiness of persimmon was very weak low temperature after dormancy breaking and was not different between astringent and non-astringent persimmon.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

Reducing sugar content of persimmon fruits was increased by applying food-garbage compost Dungsi was brighter with yellow color than that of control. The Gabjubaekmok was darker than that of control with red color. It was suggested that taste of astringent was reduced because total phenol and soluble tannin contents were reduced by applying food-garbage compost. The vitamin C content of persimmon fruits during storage was higher than that of control. Stability of persimmon fruits by applying food-garbage compost and non-food garbage compost was about the same at room temperature. At low temperature, hardness of persimmon fruits was maintained for 20 days. Hardness and reducing sugar contents of persimmon fruits were increased by applying food-garbage compost. The result was shown that there was no effect on composition of persimmon fruits by applying food-garbage compost and maintaining hardness at room temperature, but at low temperature, the composition of persimmon fruits was changed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.485-491
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the fruit damage according to the number of released stink bugs and date of adult introduced on non-astringent persimmon. The fruit damage differed significantly by the number, date, and the source of feed for Riptortus clavatus. Damages on the fruits appeared when five bugs were released to mother branches bearing fruits. Damages to the fruits was heavy in the case that bugs were introduced in September and October, compared with in June, July and August. Persimmon fruit damage was influenced significantly by the available sources to R. clavatus, persimmon fruit alone or additional supply of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and water. Characteristic damage symptoms by R. clavatus showed only scars on the fruit skin, without fruit dropping. Halyomorpha halys (=mista) showed significantly higher fruit damage when they were released in July, August, and September compared with other periods. Number of H. halys to the fruit also showed significant differences in fruit damages. Five H. halys in July showed 100% damaged fruits. The fruit damage by Plautia stali was not significantly different according to dates of introduction but the number of insects gave significant differences in the fruit damage ratio at the level of 1, 3, 5 bugs introduced to the mother branche bearing friuts. The damage symptoms by P. stali was fruit dropping in July and August but from September damaged fruits were found in the branches.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.166-170
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Persimmon growers have often tried various regimens of K fertilization to improve fruit quality. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of K rates on concentration of inorganic elements in different tree organs and on fruit characteristics. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six-year-old non-astringent 'Fuyu' persimmons, grown in 50-L pots, were used. Total K amounts of 0 (no-application), 12, 25, 37, and 66 g were fertigated to a pot with KCl solution at 3-to 4-day intervals from July to September. The 0 K trees received no K fertilizer for the two previous years. Leaves, fruits, and shoots were sampled in November. K concentrations in leaves and shoots increased significantly by increasing K rate; leaf K, 0.49% for the 0 K, increased to 3.09% for the 37 g and 3.11% for the 66 g trees. Fruit K was notably lower for the 0 K, but there were no significant differences among the trees as long as they were supplied with more than 12-g K. In the trees with 0 K, leaf necrosis in the margin was apparent in June and the symptom progressed toward the midrib. Some leaves scorch-rolled from the margin in August. The greatest effect of K rates was on fruit size; it significantly increased to 181 g for the 12 g, 203 g for the 37 g, and 206 g for the 66 g compared with 150 g for the 0 K trees. However, K rates did not affect firmness and soluble solids of the fruits. The fruits of the 0 K trees were characterized by better coloration. CONCLUSION(S): The K-rate effect on inorganic elements depended on tree organs and fruit size was the major parameter to be affected by the K rates.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.297-301
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• 2016

Seasonal occurrence patterns of Synanthedon tenuis and S. bicingulata (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) were monitored in sweet (non-astringent) persimmon orchards in the southern part of Korea from 2013 to 2105, using sex pheromone traps of the respective species. The two species occurred twice a year. Peak occurrences of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ generations of S. tenuis were observed in late May nd mid to late September, respectively, while those of S. bicingulata were in early May to early June and mid to late September, respectively. Pooled catches of S. tenuis during the three years from the three locations showed that the $1^{st}$ generation was 1.9 times larger than the $2^{nd}$ generation. In contrast, pooled catches of S. bicingulata showed that the $2^{nd}$ generation was 1.3 fold larger than as the $1^{st}$ generation. However, it remains unclear whether S. bicingulata damages persimmon tree or not.